• 한국측량학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2011

최근 기후 변화에 따른 지구환경 문제가 국제적 이슈로 떠오르는 가운데, 산림자원에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 특히 우리나라는 기후변화 협약 및 교토의정서 발효 등에 따라 탄소배출량을 조절해야 하는 시점이기에 산림에 대한 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있다. 최근 산림관리에 필요한 여러 가지 정보를 단 시간에 3차원 공간 정보로 획득하는 항공레이저측량이 각광 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항공레이저 측량으로 획득된 라이다 데이터를 이용하여 산림의 의 탄소 흡수량을 측정하였다. 탄소 흡수량은 마라케시 합의문과 산림자원조사원에서 제시하는 세 가지 기준인 나무의 최소 높이, 산림의 울폐도, 산림의 최소면적을 기준으로 하여 산출하였다. 이 연구를 통해 라이다 데이터를 이용하여 산림지역의 탄소흡수량을 정량적으로 추출 할 수 있는 방법을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.1560-1565
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• 2011

The environmental pollution caused by green-house gases such as $CO_2$ and $SF_6$ has been becoming the main issue of industrial society. Many developed countries are making efforts to minimize the amount of $CO_2$ emission come from the operation of high voltage electrical apparatuses. As a part of these efforts, 180 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to cut back on their green-house gas emissions. Nowadays, the study on the development of dry air insulated switchgear (DAIS) which is known as an eco-friendly electrical apparatus is in progress. A DAIS is advantageous for minimizing the effect of impurities and enhancing the dielectric characteristics over an air insulated switchgear (AIS) by applying constant pressure to an enclosed cubicle. Therefore, a study on the electrical insulation performance of dry air as a gaseous insulation medium is conducted in this paper to substitute a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for DAIS. As results, it is verified that the AC dielectric characteristics of dry air are similar to those of air and the lightning impulse dielectric characteristics of dry air are superior to those of air at 1bar pressure condition. However, dry air is of inferior dielectric characteristics to $SF_6$ at 4bar pressure condition. Finally, it is suggested that the internal pressure of DAIS should be over 4bar pressure to develop a high voltage switchgear which has similar electrical performance to a conventional GIS. Also, the empirical formulae on calculating the maximum electric field intensity at sparkover of dry air are deduced by experiments according to pressures. It is expected that these results are helpful to design and develop a high voltage electrical apparatus.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2012

$SF_6$ gas has been used as arc quenching and insulating medium for high and extra high voltage switching devices due to its high dielectric strength, its excellent arc-quenching capabilities, its high chemical stability and non toxicity. Despite of its significant contributions, the gas was classified as one of the greenhouse gas in the Kyoto Protocol. Thus, many researches are conducted to find out the replacement materials and to develop the $SF_6$ gas useless electrical equipment. This paper describes experiments on the temperature change-related breakdown characteristics of $SF_6$ gas ($SF_6$) and $SF_6$ liquid ($LSF_6$) in a model GIS(Gas-Insulated Switchgear) chamber in order to show the possibility of more stable and safe usages of $SF_6$ gas. The breakdown characteristics are classified into three stages, namely the gas stage of $SF_6$ according to Paschen's law, the coexisting stage of $SF_6$ gas with liquid in considerable deviation at lower temperature, and the stage of $LSF_6$ and remaining air. The result shows that the ability of the $LSF_6$ insulation is higher than the high-pressurized $SF_6$. Moreover, it reveals that the breakdown characteristics of $LSF_6$ are produced by bubble-formed $LSF_6$ evaporation and bubbles caused by high electric emission and the corona. In addition, the property of dielectric breakdown of $LSF_6$ is determined by electrode form, electrode arrangement, bubble formation and movement, arc extinguishing capacity of the media, difficulty in corona formation, and the distance between electrodes. The bubble formation and flow separation phenomena were identified for $LSF_6$. It provides fundamental data not only for $SF_6$ gas useless equipment but also for electric insulation design of high-temperature superconductor and cryogenic equipment machinery, which will be developed in future studies.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2017

The concern on the greenhouse gas emissions is increasing globally. Especially, the greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancun Agreements Mexico in 1992 and the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Furthermore, the Korean government has a plan to reduce the GHG emissions as 5.2% compared to the BAU in fisheries until 2020. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries has not been executed much. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as the first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from the major coastal fisheries such as coastal gillnet fishery, coastal dual purpose fishery, coastal pots fishery and coastal small scale stow net fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from the fisheries using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the unit weight of fishes are also calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Korea Global Atmosphere Watch Center (KGAWC), which is located in Anmyeondo and, belongs to the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), measures sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) in every hour since 2007. In this study, $SF_6$ observed in 2007 are discussed. A gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) with pre-cooled device is applied during the observation, and produced data are qualified by means of periodic calibration with $SF_6$ standard gas made by Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS). $SF_6$ has been greatly paid attention since Kyoto protocol because of its high global warming potential(GWP) with 22,200 times of $CO_2$ in the period of 100 years. It is a man-made compound and has been usually used for gas insulation since 1970s and for etching process in the information technology-based industry since 1990. Average mixing ratio of $SF_6$ in 2007 was 6.65 pmol/mol at Anmyeondo. According to the GAW report published in 2008, average mixing ratio of $SF_6$ in the atmosphere is continuously growing. At present, the average mixing ratio of $SF_6$ in the atmosphere is known to be approximately 6.25 pmol/mol at global observatory. $SF_6$ value in Anmyeondo shows 0.40 pmol/mol greater than that of the Mauna Loa observatory in 2007.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.720-730
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• 2016

Greenhouse-gas emission factors are widely used to estimate emissions arising from a defined unit of a specific activity. Such estimates are used both for international reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for myriad national and sub-national reporting purposes (for example, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; EU ETS). As with the other so-called 'Kyoto protocol GHGs', the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a methodology for national and sub-national estimation of $N_2O$ emissions, based on the sector from which the emissions arise. The objective of this study was to develop a integrated emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the red pepper, soy bean, spring cabbage, autumn cabbage and potato in 2010~2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, N fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission over three year experiment was $0.00596{\pm}0.001337kg$ $N_2O-N(N\;kg)^{-1}$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.147-178
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• 2012

청정개발체제(CDM)는 1997년 교토의정서(Kyoto protocol)를 통해 확립된 온실가스 배출과 관련된 선진국과 개도국 간 협력 기제의 하나이다. 청정개발체제는 기본적으로 선진국의 정부 또는 민간조직이 개도국에서 배출감축 프로젝트를 수행하고, CER(Certified Emission Reduction)의 형태로 배출권을 얻는 것을 허용하고, CER을 자국의 배출감축목표 달성을 위해 사용할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 아세안 국가들의 청정개발 메커니즘의 성취도를 알아보는데 있으며, 자료는 2010년 10월 15일 현재 유엔기후변화기본협약(UNFCCC)에 등록된 254개 청정개발체제 사업을 대상으로 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 전체 254개 사업 중 20%만이 탄소배출권을 받은 것으로 나타났으며, 실제 탄소배출권의 총량은 650만 톤이지만, 이는 전체 사업계획서에 반영된 양의 15%에 불과한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 아세안 국가의 CDM사업과 관련된 장애 요인으로서는 (1) 사업 등록과 탄소배출권 승인 간 시간 격차가 존재하고, (2) 사업계획과 실제 승인량에 차이가 나타나며, (3) 특히 소규모 사업의 경우 높은 거래 비용 때문에 등록 후 배출승인을 신청하지 않고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 아세안국가들이 CDM사업을 수행하는 데 있어서 선진국들의 주요 파트너가 되고 있지만, 실제로 사업을 통한 탄소배출량은 제한적일 수 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 일부 아세안 국가에서 교토의정서에 따라 자체적으로 탄소배출감축을 시도하고 있음을 고려할 때, 자체적인 CDM의 성공적인 경영, 수행, 운영을 위해 더 많은 선진국들의 협력과 지원이 주어질 필요가 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

화력발전은 지구온난화의 주범으로 인식되고 있지만, 산업화와 지속적인 국가경제성장에 의한 전력소요 증가는 에너지사용을 증대시켜 에너지 자원의 부족을 초래하고 환경오염물질의 과다배출로 지구 환경문제를 유발하고 있다. 에너지원의 확보를 위한 국가와 지역간 경쟁이 심화되어 새로운 갈등의 원인이 되고 있으며, 지구온난화와 에너지 문제를 해결하기 위해 교토의정서 등 기후변화 협약이 체결되고 화석에너지에 재생에너지로의 에너지원의 전환과 다양화가 추진되고 있지만, 각국의 이해관계와 기술부족으로 완벽한 해결책을 제시하지 못하는 상황이다. 에너지 부족을 해소하고 $CO_2$ 배출량을 저감할 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방안으로 기존 화력발전 효율을 향상시킨 고효율 발전과 Near Zero Emission 수준의 저공해 기술이 결합된 고효율 석탄화력발전시스템을 개발현황을 논하고자 한다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2012

Our country set the mid-term reduction goal of greenhouse gases up to 2020 in accordance with Bali roadmap agreed in 2007 through the negotiation with UNFCCC in 2009 and specified the proper goal as by the Basic Act on Green Growth that went into effect at April, 2010. First of all the enlargement of green building construction has been suggested as a worldwide strategy to achieve the green house gas reduction. Building area is one of most important sectors for the countermeasure of climate change agreement and the achievement of national green house gas reduction goal and the need to reduce its green house gases has been increased accordingly. The objective of the study is to examine the status and characterization of mass energy consumption local governmental buildings' green house gas emissions depending on usage (hotel, school, apartment, hospital) through the green house gas emission source unit analysis. The result indicated that the energy source unit was proportional to green house gas source unit and hotel showed the highest green house gas emission source unit per open area of construction unit, followed by hospital, apartment, and then school. In case of apartment, green house gas emission source unit per open area of construction unit decreased as year went on. Meanwhile school building showed a striking increase in the annual energy source unit.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.371-379
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• 2010

2005년 교토의정서가 발효되면서 세계는 에너지절감 및 저탄소 수단위주의 대중 교통정책이 펼쳐지고 있다. 우리나라는 현재 세계 8위의 탄소배출국이며 2013년부터는 온실가스 감축의무대상국에 포함될 예정이다. 본 논문에서는 국가교통시설의 투자전략을 고효율 및 저탄소 정책을 달성할 수 있도록 녹색교통수단인 철도를 중심으로 대중교통체계를 개편하기 위해 다양한 추진전략을 제시하였으며 추진전략은 크게 속도, 접근성, 도시개발, 유비쿼터스 측면에서 고려하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 4가지 주요전략은 1시간철도, Seamless 30, Rail Urbanism, U-Rail 로 정의 하였으며 1시간철도는 1시간대 연결 가능한 고속철도망 구축, Seamless 30은 주요 거점역까지 30분 이내 접근, Rail Urbanism은 철도기반의 도시계획 실현, U-Rail은 Ubiquitous 기반의 철도서비스 제공이라는 목표를 설정하였다. 각 추진전략별 세부추진과제를 수립하여 교통분야의 전문가를 중심으로 AHP 분석을 실시하였으며 각 세부추진과제별 추진 우선순위를 도출하여 단기, 중기, 장기로 구분하여 Action Plan을 제시하였다.