• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2014

Purpose: Adult Korean patients on chronic dialysis have a 9-year survival rate of 50%, with cardiovascular problems being the most significant cause of death. The 2011 annual report of the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies group reported 3-year survival rates of 93.4% and relatively poorer survival in younger patients. Methods: In this study, we have reviewed data from Korean Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Registry from 2002 to 2010 to assess survival rates and causes of death in Korean children on chronic dialysis. Results: The overall estimated patient survival rates were 98.4%, 94.4%, and 92.1% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. No significant difference was observed in survival rates between patients on peritoneal dialysis and those on hemodialysis. Patients for whom dialysis was initiated before 2 years of age (n=40) had significantly lower survival rates than those for whom dialysis was initiated at 6-11 years of age (n=140). In all, 26 patients had died; the mortality rate was 19.9 per 1,000 patient years. The most common causes of death were infections and comorbidities such as malignancy and central nervous system (CNS) or liver diseases. Conclusion: The outcomes observed in this study were better than those observed in adults and comparable to those observed in pediatric studies in other countries. To improve the outcomes of children on chronic dialysis, it is necessary to prevent dialysis-related complications such as infection, congestive heart failure, or CNS hemorrhage and best control treatable comorbidities.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2009

The purpose of this ethnography is to describe and analyze the wild-goose mother's everyday life, her family relationships, and her social networking. Thirteen mothers from New York, California, and Texas, U.S.A., were interviewed with an unstructured questionnaire. Their residency and everyday schedules are arranged around the children's educational conditions. They have experienced difficult relationships with Korean American immigrants, Korean students, other wild-goose mothers, and Americans. They have failed to develop their social capital effectively due to the language barrier and a cultural capital deficiency. As a kind of family strategy, this separation sometimes strengthens the spousal relationship, preventing divorce, but usually weakens the emotional ties and quality of communication between husband and wife. The acculturation gap between the mother and her children may cause the mother to become alienated and exacerbate the generational conflict.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

목적: 감각조절장애는 감각처리의 문제로 나타날 수 있는 하나의 증상군이다. 이러한 문제를 평가하기 위해 많은 도구들이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. Short Sensory Profile은 감각조절의 어려움을 선별하는 평가도구로 만 3세에서 10세 아동에게 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구는 Short Sensory Profile을 번안한 단축감각력의 국내 표준화를 위한 연구의 일환으로 7~9세 정상발달아동을 대상으로 성별, 연령간의 차이와 미국의 표준점수와의 비교 및 단축감각력 문항의 점수별 응답 비율을 조사하여 검사도구 문항으로 적합한지 그 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 단축감각력을 사용하여 남학생81명, 여학생 74명을 조사하였다. 결과: 1. 7~9세아동 단축감각력의 성별 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 2. 7~9세아동 단축감각력의 연령별 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 3. 평균과 1SD범위를 미국의 Short Sensory Profile 표준점수기준의 정상범주와 비교하였을 때, 하부영역과 총점에서 약간의 차이를 보였다. 4. 단축감각력 각 문항별 응답비율을 분석해 보았을 때 일반아동에게 50% 이상 나타나는 항목이 6문항이었다. 결론: 7~9세아동 단축감각력의 성별, 연령별 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 이는 이 연령집단의 아동들에게 같은 분류기준을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 보이며. 평균과 1SD범위를 미국의 Short Sensory Profile 표준점수 기준과 비교하였을 때, 하부영역과 총점에서 약간의 차이를 보였고 각 문항의 비율에서 일반아동에게도 흔히 나타나는 항목이 6개 있었다. 따라서 단축감각력에 대한 문항분석과 만 3~10세 전 연령을 포함한 국내 표준화에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 1976

Surveying the developmental degree of the crowns of mandibular first bicuspid in 566 korean children (264 males and 302 females) from 3 to 7 years of age by oblique cephalogram, the author got to the following results. 1. The developmental degree of the tooth crown of mandibular first bicuspid was earlier in female than in male. 2. The period of complete development of the crown of mandibular first bicuspid was 7 year 1 month in male and 6 year 3 month in female. 3. There was no significant difference in the period of complete development of the tooth crown compared with that of Japanese and American children.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Debates exist about the appropriate treatment for pancreatic trauma in children. We intended to examine the safety of the operation of pancreatic trauma in children. This is a retrospective study of 13 patients, younger than 15, who underwent surgery for pancreatic trauma, between 1993 and 2011 in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Medical records were reviewed for mechanism of trauma, clinical characteristics, radiological findings, operation and outcomes. Organ injury scaling from the AAST (American Association for Surgery of Trauma) was used. All injuries were caused by blunt trauma. Patients with grade III, IV, and those who were difficult to distinguish grade II from IV, underwent surgery due to severe peritonitis. Three patients with grade II were operated for reasons of mesenteric bleeding, tumor rupture of the pancreas, and progression of peritonitis. Distal pancreatectomy was performed in 10 patients and subtotal pancreatectomy and pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1 patient each. The remaining one underwent surgical debridement because of severe adhesions. The location of injury, before and after operation, coincided in 83.3%. The degree of injury, before and after the operation, was identical in all the patients except for those who were difficult to tell apart grade II from grade IV, and those cannot be graded due to severe adhesion. Postoperative complications occurred in 23.1%, which improved with conservative treatment. Patients were discharged at mean postoperative 12(range 8~42) days. Even though patients with complications took longer in time from diagnosis to operation, time of trauma to operation and hospital stay, this difference was not significant. In conclusion, When pancreatic duct injury is present, or patient shows deterioration of clinical manifestation without evidence of definite duct injury, or trauma is accompanied by other organ injury or tumor rupture, operative management is advisable, and we believe it is a safe and feasible method of treatment.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2005

Ecological predictors of imaginative playfulness were researched to test relationships among preschoolers' individual characteristics, socioeconomic status, their visual media use, and their imaginative playfulness. Data were collected from 202 primary caregivers and head teachers in childcare centers in Michigan, U. S. A. Use of visual media was coded by the program categorization of Anderson et al. (2001) and the Television and Movie Violence Rating Scale (Huesmann et al. 2003). Imaginative playfulness was rated by the adapted Playfulness Scale (Barnett 1990). Results of hierarchical regression showed that child characteristics of age and gender predictors contributed to their imaginative playfulness. On the other hand, children's visual media use and socioeconomic status of their families did not predict their imaginative playfulness.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.24-37
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• 2021

[Purpose] To determine whether physical activity (PA), primarily the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA, is associated with gut bacterial microbiota in 10-year-old children. [Methods] The Block Physical Activity Screener, which provides minutes/day PA variables, was used to determine whether the child met the PA recommendations. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples from the children to profile the composition of their gut bacterial microbiota. Differences in alpha diversity metrics (richness, Pielou's evenness, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity) by PA were determined using linear regression, whereas beta diversity (unweighted and weighted UniFrac) relationships were assessed using PERMANOVA. Taxon relative abundance differentials were determined using DESeq2. [Results] The analytic sample included 321 children with both PA and 16S rRNA sequencing data (mean age [SD] =10.2 [0.8] years; 54.2% male; 62.9% African American), where 189 (58.9%) met the PA recommendations. After adjusting for covariates, meeting the PA recommendations as well as minutes/day PA variables were not significantly associated with gut richness, evenness, or diversity (p ≥ 0.19). However, meeting the PA recommendations (weighted UniFrac R² = 0.014, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with distinct gut bacterial composition. These compositional differences were partly characterized by increased abundance of Megamonas and Anaerovorax as well as specific Christensenellaceae_R-7_group taxa in children with higher PA. [Conclusion] Children who met the recommendations of PA had altered gut microbiota compositions. Whether this translates to a reduced risk of obesity or associated metabolic diseases is still unclear.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

Cardiomyopathy (CMP) is a heterogeneous disease caused by a functional abnormality of the cardiac muscle. CMP is of 2 major types, dilated and hypertrophic, and is further classified as either primary or secondary. Secondary CMP is caused by extrinsic factors, including infection, ischemia, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. Primary CMP is diagnosed when the extrinsic factors of secondary CMP are absent. Furthermore, the World Health Organization, American Heart Association, and European Cardiology Association have different systems for clinically classifying primary CMP. Primary CMP is rare and associated with a family history of the disease, implying that genetic factors might affect its incidence. In addition, the incidence of CMP varies widely according to patient ethnicity. Genetic testing plays an important role in the care of patients with CMP and their families because it confirms diagnosis, determines the appropriate care for the patient, and possibly affects patient prognosis. The diagnosis and genetic identification of CMP in patients' families allow the possibility to identify novel genes that may lead to new treatments. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CMP, with the aim of providing pediatricians with insights that may be helpful in the early identification and management of idiopathic CMP in children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

The aim of our paper was to present current knowledge, review literature and available practice guidelines of international hepatological associations regarding the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coronavirus on the liver, patients with underline liver disease, awaiting on liver transplantation (LTx) or being after LTx in the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 area.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

No educational provision for the gifted and talented works in a cultural vacuum, and this is as true for out-of-school activities as for what happens in school itself. There is evidence that excellence in children's achievements can come from widely differing special provision or from no special provision at all. Cultural influences affect attitudes as to who might be gifted and talented and what might be done for them. Whatever the size and influence of special centres anywhere, there is always overlap between in-school and out-of-school activities. For all styles of provision, cooperation between the two is a vital aspect of success. The major cultural dichotomy in this field is between the perception, usually found in the Far East that 'most children have gifted potential' and the largely Western view that 'few children have gifted potential'. It is safe to say that children who are selected for aptitude and ability, and who are keen to learn, will get more from special enrichment than those who of equal potential who have not had that experience. But this does not necessarily show the provision as the best possible method for enhancing gifts and talents. In fact, I do not know of a single scientific investigation, either cross-culturally or within one country, which compares any aspect of an out-of-school programme with another. As a result it is hard to say what type of provision would be most appropriate and effective in any given situation. Outcomes are also dependent on the enthusiasm, organisation and money put into any scheme - as well as the way youngsters are chosen for it. Some of the largest and most influential out-of-school American institutions were founded on the psychological understanding of human abilities that was current in the 1920s. These early influences of seeking an IQ cut-off point (or equivalent) to identify the gifted still affect their practice. in addition, the big American Talent Searches so often select youngsters for summer-schools not only by their high-level achievements, but also by their parent's ability to pay the sometimes high fees. Opinions about the identification of the brightest children and consequential educational practice underlie all provision for their education, whether in or outside school hours. Because of cross-cultural differences, it would not seem wise to copy any action directly from one culture to another without recognising these influences and possibly modifying the model. The growing trend around the world is to offer high-level opportunities to as many youngsters as possible, so that no keen learner is turned away without even a change of sampling them.