• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

Current binocular stereoscopic displays cause visual discomfort when objects with large disparities are present in the scene. One solution for improving visual comfort is synthetic depth-of-field processing, which simulates the characteristics of a human visual system. With this technique, visual comfort is improved by blurring portions of the background and/or foreground in the scene. However, this technique has the drawback of degrading overall image quality because the blurring is typically applied to both left and right images. To alleviate the visual discomfort, we propose a novel disparity-based asymmetrical filtering technique. Proposed technique applies the filtering to the image of one eye only, and controls the blur level according to the disparity information between stereoscopic images. We investigate the effects of this technique on stereoscopic video by measuring visual comfort and apparent sharpness. Our results indicate that disparity-based asymmetrical filtering can improve visual comfort of stereoscopic video while it maintains apparent sharpness if unfixated regions with large disparities are blurred under the appropriate filtering condition.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.607-616
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• 2010

The methods developed to measure visual fatigue so far are quite few and lack of validity, and more importantly, they do not figure out the complex properties of the visual fatigue. The purpose of the research was to analyze the factors comprising the visual fatigue and to develop the method to measure it validly. The results are summarized as follows. First, we found that the 3D visual fatigue was comprised of four independent factors (visual stress, eye pain, body pain and image blurring factors). Second, we developed 29 items that measure four factors of 3D visual fatigue. Finally, the watching duration and binocular disparities affected the visual fatigue as had been expected. These results imply that the developed method does measure the three dimensional fatigue validly.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.738-748
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• 2013

The present study investigated whether convergence training in which has an effect on reducing visual discomfort in viewing 3D TV. The stereoscopic depth of 3D training stimulus was gradually increased while maintaining individual visual discomfort at a minimum value. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: a control group and two training groups. For both training groups, all procedure and the disparity range of training stimuli were the same except the order of the disparities of training stimuli. One of the two different training procedure was provided: gradual change or random change of the disparities of training stimulus. Training itself was very effective so that convergence fusional range was improved after three sessions of training with intervals of two weeks. In order to evaluate the effect of convergence training on visual discomfort, the subjective visual discomfort in 3D TV viewing was measured before and after training sessions using questionnaire. The results showed that a significant reduction in visual discomfort was found after training only in the group of gradual change. These results demonstrated a repeated convergence training might be helpful in reducing the visual discomfort in 3D TV environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the validity and the reliability of the visual simulation method using the internet. For this. the evaluation of the artificial and natural landscape through the medium of color slides are compared with the internet survey. Data is analysed through the comparison of t-test between the two media by landscape type, and spatial image is analysed by factor analysis algorithm. Principle component analysis using Varimax Method is applied for extraction and factor rotation respectively. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; There are no statistical differences between the two methods with artificial and natural landscape in the total data that included second tests. Factors covering the spatial image are found to be \`aesthetic\`, \`spatial shape\`, and \`familiarity\`. Total variance is obtained as 66.4%. There are no statistical differences between the two methods in 2/3 of the cases. In the case of far view of artificial landscape, the results of the t-test show that the two methods are exactly the same. Especially in the case of the artificial far landscape shows no difference of all factors between two methods. There are no differences between first and second tests of the same media and the same landscape type. And it shows the reliability of this method. These results suggest that the probability that the internet can be used as a medium of landscape evaluation and gathering information on anyone\`s landscape image. Simulation techniques with the internet survey method should be further developed for practical application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2008

DMB가 출범한지 2007년을 기준으로 3년을 맞이했다. DMB에 대해서는 일반적으로 많이 알려졌으며 새로운 방송 시스템으로 분명 뛰어난 기술이다. 하지만 방송 현업 종사자의 시각에서 볼 때 시청자들의 호응도는 답보상태에 머물고 있다고 판단된다. 방송위원회의 2007년 12월 조사 결과를 보면 DMB는 국민의 60% 이상이 향후에도 구입할 의향이 없다고 조사되었다. 그 이유는 기존방송을 재전송 하고 있는 상황에서 DMB에 맞는 영상 콘텐츠의 부족함으로 볼만한 콘텐츠가 없다는 것과, 작은 화면으로 인한 시각적 불편함 때문이라는 것이다. 또한 방송 초기 유료와 무료 여부에 대한 국가의 정책결정 등의 문제점이 복합적으로 작용하고 있다. 그 외의 불만 사항으로는 서비스 만족도에서 수신가능 지역에 대한 불만이 63.7%로 가장 많았고 배터리 수명의 한계에 대한 불만 54.4%와 단말기 가격에 대한 불만사항 등이 뒤를 이었다. 이런 상황을 종합해 볼 때 DMB는 당초 예상했던 것처럼 황금 알을 낳는 거위가 아니라는 것과, 신규미디어로서 새로운 콘텐츠의 수요창출에 그다지 성공적이지 못 함을 알 수 있다. DMB의 성패는 시청자의 활용도에 따라 판가름 난다고 본다. DMB 기존의 방송을 재전송하고 있다. 하지만 기존의 방송과는 다르게 DMB 자체의 특성에 적합한 콘텐츠로 제작되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 재전송의 문제점을 개선하고 보다 나은 제작방안을 제시하여 시청자들의 DMB 방송 접근 확대화와 활성화가 본 논문의 연구 목적이다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

As the information-oriented society makes progress, the role of Image has much influence on human being in space as a medium for information delivery and a means of artistic communication. These influences are appeared as expressional characteristics of the image such as the reproducibility of reality and unreality in the real world, the synchrony of expression of time, visual formality, a sign and the transmission of moaning. For these, the investigator examined the meaning of image in aspace, taking into consideration of the interrelationship of image, space, and human being. As study findings show, the expressional characteristics of image in space have such visual effects as a space in which pictorial formality and object exists, in which the mutual understanding of communication exists, and that realizes immaterial membrane in the aspect of time and space, according to the electronic light, color, and formation of the image media. In addition, it become clear that the characteristic could be staged on various circumstances by constructing the relationship between an object and a point of time interactively with bidirectional communication through combining technology and art. This suggests that the image develops as the form of sensory communication via interacting of space and human being.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.178-180
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• 2006

기존의 Ontology를 이용한 이미지 검색 시스템이나. 간단한 구조를 가진 메타데이터 기반의 분산 이미지 검색 시스템들의 단정들을 극복하기 위해 다양한 이미지 제공자들의 자율성을 보장하면서, 시맨틱 기반의 이미지 검색을 지원하는 분산 시각미디어 검색 프레임워크가 제안되었다. 하지만 제안된 프레임워크에서는 Visual Media Data를 제공하는 Provider와 클라이언트의 Query를 처리해서 Provider에게 전달하는 Broker 사이의 연결 상태에 대한 신뢰성이 보장되지 않았고, 다수의 클라이언트 접속에 의해 발생하는 Broker 내부 컴포넌트들의 Overhead 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 없었다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 프레임워크에 Monitoring 시스템을 도입하여 Broker 내부 컴포넌트들의 수행시간을 측정하여 저장함으로써, 다수의 클라이언트 요구에 의해서 Overhead가 발생하는 컴포넌트들을 Monitoring 할 수 있고, Provider의 연결 상태를 정기적으로 확인하여 Broker 내부에 등록되어 있는 Provider의 도메인 리스트를 서버 상태가 확인된 리스트로 업데이트 시켜줌으로써 연결 상태에 대한 신뢰성을 제공할 수 있도록 하기 위한 Monitoring 시스템을 제안한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.363-378
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• 2006

The Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) system is developed to offer high quality audio-visual multimedia contents to the mobile environment. The system adopts MPEG-4 standard for the main video, audio and other media format. It also adopts the MPEG-4 scene description for interactive multimedia contents. The animated and interactive contents can be actualized by BIFS(Binary Format for Scene), the binary format for scene description that refers to the spatio-temporal specifications and behaviors of the individual objects. As more interactive contents are, the scene description is also needed more high bitrate. However, the bandwidth for allocating meta data such as scene description is restrictive in mobile environment. On one hand, the DMB terminal starts demultiplexing content and decodes individual media by its own decoder. After decoding each media, rendering module presents each media stream according to the scene description. Thus the BIFS stream corresponding to the scene description should be decoded and parsed in advance of presenting media data. With these reason, the transmission delay of BIFS stream causes the delay of whole audio-visual scene presentation although the audio or video streams are encoded in very low bitrate. This paper presents the effective optimization technique for adapting BIFS stream into expected MPEG-2 TS bitrate without any bandwidth waste and avoiding the transmission delay of the initial scene description for interactive DMB contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

A manipulation of zoysiagrass's lateral stems and soil-media; used for slope revegetation, is expected to facilitate the production of high-quality grass. To study the influences on the growth of zoysiagrass depending upon various soil-media conditions, two different types of soil are used. The results obtained - through investigation of its cover rates, leaf color and number - are summarized as follows. In mountain regions soil, there are no significant differences in growth and development of grass in treatments: zoysiagrass's lateral stems treatments with 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm soil-media and treatment with only seeding. Zoysiagrass, in most of the treatments, show about the same growth rates, and at the end, fair visual quality. Zoysiagrass's lateral stems treatments with 2cm, 3cm show slightly better growth, however, thickness of soil-media need not be more than 1cm to obtain an expected quality of lawn. In decomposed granite soil, there appears statistical significance in growth of the grass in treatments: zoysiagrass's lateral stems treatments with 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm soil-media and treatment with only seeding. The thicker the soil-media, the better the growth of grass, and that in treatment with seeding-only shows poor quality in general. And therefore, it is efficacious to plant in 3cm soil-media when quick formation of lawn is necessary; however, using 2cm soil-media is ultimately the most cost-efficient way of formation. But, when time allows - that is, more than three months - 1cm soil-media in decomposed granite soil is reasonable to formate just as effective lawn. And so when performing seeding, additional covering, fertilization or increasing the quantity of seed must be considered.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2022

This study aimed to understand what factors the mothers of infants consider to be important when choosing screen media programs for their children, and to investigate whether those features differ according to maternal socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, employment status, and family income). The study participants comprised 948 mothers who were the primary caregivers and had at least one child aged 4-6. They were asked to select three of the following aspects as critical criteria for determining if a given screen media program is appropriate for infants: (a) contents suitable to the child's developmental level, (b) behaviors of characters, (c) appearance of characters, (d) visual aspects of program, (e) duration of screen media program, (f) whether the screen media program includes instructive contents, and (g) whether the program leads to opportunities for conversations among family members and activities with children. Multiple response frequency analysis and multiple response cross-analysis were used to analyze the mothers' responses. The results revealed that the majority of the mothers reported that 'contents suitable to the child's developmental level' represented the first-ranked criterion for selecting screen media programs for their child, which was followed by 'behaviors of characters,' and 'whether the screen media program includes instructive contents.' However, such criteria for screen media programs for infants differed according to maternal age, education level, employment status, and family income. These outcomes suggest that different information needs to be provided based on maternal characteristics in order to help mothers determine the quality of screen media programs for their infants.