• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.69-93
• /
• 2008

Rising healthcare cost is a global phenomenon that justifies governments' introduction of 'incentive regulation' plan for the improvement of hospital efficiency. A number of previous studies tried to evaluate the efficiency of healthcare organization by using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), a common efficiency benchmarking method. However, there is a concern that this kind of efficiency evaluation could induce "quantity-quality trade-off". Moreover, as quality aspect is especially important in terms of 'effectiveness' of health care, it should be considered in efficiency evaluation of healthcare organization. A number of different models were tried so far to incorporate quality aspect into DEA, however, none is universally recognized as a standard. Thus, in this study, previous quality-incorporating DEA models were categorized into 6 types according to the way of incorporating quality aspect, and strengths and limitations of each type were reviewed with a set of artificial data as an example. Based on this review, a new quality-incorporating efficiency evaluation model, named Quality-adjusted output DEA(QAO-DEA), was suggested. As an exploratory empirical analysis, technical efficiency of human resource were measured with different quality-incorporating DEA models, using 2004 data from National University Hospitals. In conclusion, Quality-adjusted output DEA(QAO-DEA) model seems to be one of the most desirable alternatives to incorporate quality aspect in efficiency evaluation of hospital, and deserves the consideration as a policy tool to induce simultaneous improvement of both efficiency and quality.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.807-810
• /
• 2007

최근 극단파의 펄스를 사용하는 UWB(Ultra WideBand) 기술이 다양한 무선 통신기기에 응용되고 있다. 이와 같은 UWB 기기들은 동일한 주파수 대역을 공동으로 사용하기 때문에 상호 간섭에 의한 장애가 발생하고 이를 방지하기 위해 적은 전력을 사용하여 수십미터 이내의 근거리 통신을 주로 하게 된다. 특히, UWB는 실내공간에서 기기간의 통신에 많이 사용하게 되는데 이를 위한 다양한 실내 환경의 채널의 모델링이 필요하다. 아울러 채널의 특징에 대한 정확한 정보는 통신 시스템 디자이너에게 채널의 성능을 예상할 수 있게 하므로 정확한 채널 모델링은 통신 시스템을 설계하는데 있어서 아주 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 가시거리 환경에서 기존의 모델보다 정확한 UWB 채널을 위한 새로운 모델을 정립하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2017

Recent trends in shipbuilding and offshore industries are a huge increase in the ship size and the exploration and production of oil and natural gas in the arctic offshore region. High performance steel plates are required by these industrial trends. Also in IMO(International Maritime Organization) has begun to regulate of fuel of ship to environmental protection, therefore it is little bit difficult to use bunker-C oil to working ship. As the problem of environmental change such as global warming is emerged, the operation of the ship is considered to be involved in the environmental change problem, and the regulation of environmental pollution is gradually strengthened. As these environmental regulations are strengthened demand for LNG fuel ships is rapidly increasing. Currently, cryogenic steels used in LNG tanks include aluminum alloy, SUS 304, and 9%-Ni steel. Those steels are has high cost to construction of large LNG carrier. The new materials were suggested several steel mills to decrease construction cost and easy construction. The new cryogenic steel should be evaluate safety to applied real structure include LNG ship. Therefore, in this study, fracture toughness of weld joints were investigated with cryogenic steel for application of LNG tank.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.234-243
• /
• 2021

In the research or project planning for the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, one of several preparations will be the establishment of a list of potential radionuclides to be considered at the time of characterization or final status surveys. Reliable data for selection of potential radionuclides during the transition period to prepare for decommissioning will depend heavily on historical data at the site or, where possible, sampling analysis. However, during the transition period, direct sampling can be challenging, depending on the circumstances of the site or national regulation. A methodology of selecting potential radionuclides for nuclear facility sites which largely consists of three major processes: production of initial list of radionuclides, selection of the insignificant radionuclide that will be eliminated, and consideration of site characterization or sampling. For developing a preliminary list of potential radionuclides for Kori Unit 1 decommissioning, the list of initial radionuclides was made referring to the technical documents applied at decommissioned NPPs in the U.S and additional reference materials applied until the operation of NPPs in Korea. For the screening of insignificant radionuclides, we applied criterion of less than 0.1% of the amount of radioactivity inventory and confirmed the dose fraction using the RESRAD code. The final suit of radionuclides was established, which should be supplemented by reflecting site characterization and sampling process in the future. Thus, the methodology and results for the selection of potential radionuclides suggested in this paper can give an insight as a future reference to deriving DCGLs in relation to site remediation of decommissioning nuclear plants.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.621-628
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 항공기용 부품 및 장비품 중 치명성 부품인 수송류 항공기용 금속계 제동패드의 부품등제작자증명 및 부가형식증명을 위한 원 부품 등과 개발품의 설계 동일성 입증을 위한 역설계 절차를 도출하였다. 역설계 절차에 대한 규정은 우리나라의 경우 부품등제작자증명 지침에 의해 규정되며, 미국의 경우 AC No; 21.303-4에 규정되어 있다. 제동패드의 역설계 절차는 각 구성품별 샘플 수량, 치수공차, 기계적 물성 측정, 자재, 무게 및 부피특성 등의 동일성 확인 항목을 선정하여 각각의 세부 절차를 정의하였다. 아울러 우리나라 및 미국의 연방항공규정을 분석한 결과, 우리나라의 경우 수송류 항공기용 제동장치의 기술표준품 표준서 및 비행시험과 관련된 규정의 제정이 필요하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권12호
• /
• pp.4367-4381
• /
• 2023

Nuclear power plants are increasingly being equipped with digital I&C systems. Although some probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) models for the digital I&C of nuclear power plants have been constructed, there is currently no specific internationally agreed guidance for their modeling. This paper presents an initiative by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency called "Digital I&C PSA - Comparative application of DIGital I&C Modelling Approaches for PSA (DIGMAP)", which aimed to advance the field towards practical and defendable modeling principles. The task, carried out in 2017-2021, used a simplified description of a plant focusing on the digital I&C systems important to safety, for which the participating organizations independently developed their own PSA models. Through comparison of the PSA models, sensitivity analyses as well as observations throughout the whole activity, both qualitative and quantitative lessons were learned. These include insights on failure behavior of digital I&C systems, experience from models with different levels of abstraction, benefits from benchmarking as well as major contributors to the core damage frequency and those with minor effect. The study also highlighted the challenges with modeling of large common cause component groups and the difficulties associated with estimation of key software and common cause failure parameters.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.7-35
• /
• 1992

The expansion of air transport on a global scale with ever increasing traffic densities has brought about problems that must be solved through new multilateral mechanisms. Looking to the immediate future, air transport will require new forms of international cooperation in technical and economic areas. Air transport by its very nature should have been a counterforce to nationalism. Yet, the regulatory system in civil aviation is still as firmly rooted in the principle of national sovereignty as when it was first proclaimed at t-11e Paris Convention of 1919 and reaffirmed in the Chicago Convention. Sovereignty over the airspace has remained the cornerstone of relations between states in all respects of air transport. The importance of sovereignty over air space embodied in article 1 of the Chicago Conrenton also is responsible for restricting the authority of ICAO as an intergovernmental regulatory agency. The Orgenization, for all its extensive efforts, has only limited authority. ICAO sets standards but cannot enforce them; it devises solutions but cannot impose them. To implement its rules ICAO most rely not so much on legal requirements as on the goodwill of states. It has been forty-eight years since international community set the foundations of the international system in civil aviation action. Profound political, economic and technological changes have taken place in air transport. The Chicago Convention is living proof that staes can work together to make air transport a safe mode of travel. The law governing international civil auiation is principally based on international treaties and on other regulation agreed to by governments, for the most part through the mechanism of ICAO. The role of ICAO international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with a broad range of technical matters could hardly be overestimated. The organization's ability to develop these standards and procedures, to adapt them continuously to the rapid sate of change and development of air transport, should be particularly stressed. The role of ICAO in the area of the development of multilateral conventions on international air law has been successful but to a certain degree. From the modest starting-point of the Tokyo Convention, we have seen more adequate international instruments prepared within the scope of ICAO activities, adopted: the Hague Convention of 1970 for the suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft and the Montreal Convention of 1971 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation. The work of ICAO in the new domain of international law conventions concerning what has been loosely termed above as the criminal problems connected with international air transport, in particular the problem of armed aggression against aircraft, should be positively appreciated. But ICAO records in the domain of developing a uniform legal system of international carriage by air are rather disappointing. The problem of maintaining and developing the uniformity of this regulation exceeds the scope of interest and competence of governmental transport agencies. The expectations of mankind linked to it are too great to give up trying to restore the uniform legal system of international air carriage that would create proper conditions for its further growth. It appears that ICAO has, at present, a good opportunity for doing this. The hasty preparation of ICAO draft conventions should be definitely excluded. Every Preliminary draft convention ought to be sent to Governments of all member-States for consideration, So that they could in form ICAO in due time of their observation. The problom of harmonizing a uniform law of international air carriage with that of other branches of international transport should demand more and more of its attention. ICAO cooperation with other international arganization, especially these working in the field of international transport, should be strengthened. ICAO is supposed to act as a link and a mediator among, at times the conflicting interests of member States, serving the happiness and peace of all of the world. The transformation of the contemporary world of developing international relations, stimulated by steadily growing international cooperation in its various dimensions, political, economic, scientific, technological, social and cultural, continuously confronts ICAO with new task.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.141-160
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 황산화물(SOx) 배출저감 규제에 대한 국적선사의 인식과 대응 전략을 분석하기 위해 국제해사기구(IMO)의 환경규제 현황과 선박으로부터의 대기오염방지를 위한 규칙인 국제해양오염방지협약(MARPOL) 부속서 VI, 황산화물(SOx) 배출저감 기술적 방안, 해운산업과 국적선사의 경영현황을 살펴 보았다. 그리고 국적선사들 대상으로 설문을 진행하여 국적선사의 규제와 영향에 대한 인식과 대응 전략을 분석하였다. 평가요인의 선정 작업을 거쳐 국적선사를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 빈도 및 교차 분석을 진행하여 규모별, 주력선종별 선사의 인식과 대응 전략의 차이, 국적선사의 대응 전략의 방향성을 알아보았다. 관련 선행연구 및 문헌들을 검토하면서 그 동안 국내외에서 다양한 관점으로 황산화물(SOx) 배출저감에 관한 여러 연구들이 시행되어왔음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서도 규제 대응을 위한 기술적 방안들과 경제성 분석 관련 기존 연구들을 고찰하여 평가요인을 선정하였다. 분석 결과 대형선사가 중소 벌크선사에 비해 규제 대응의 준비가 원활히 실행되고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 선사 규모와 주력선종별 선사의 규제에 따르는 환경적인 영향에 대한 인식이나 대응 전략에 대한 방향성은 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 규제의 시행까지 약 2년이 남은 상황에서 정부와 관련기관의 지원 정책과 선사별 체계적인 분석과 계획을 바탕으로 적절한 대응 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 본 연구를 통해 국적선사들을 대상으로 주력선종별 선사들의 인식과 대응 전략의 차이를 파악하였지만 구체적인 대응 전략이나 기업의 데이터 수집의 한계가 존재하였다. 향후 연구에서는 본 연구의 한계점을 극복하여 보다 심도 있는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 해운산업 관계자들이 황산화물(SOx) 배출저감 규제 대응 준비에 대한 중요성을 인식하고 국가적으로 중요한 해운산업의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위하여 최적의 대응 전략이 수립되기를 기대한다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.67-85
• /
• 2005

The study aimed to perform the qualitative analysis of food and nutrition informations offered in TV program by monitoring newscastings, health-related programs giving food and nutrition information, dramas for family, education programs for children, and information programs for elderly in major TV broadcasting station(KBS, MBC, SBS, EBS). In this study, statistical analysis were done for numbers of information items related to health or food and nutrition informations. Duration of program the main, subject, sources, evaluation criteria of the contents. Results of qualitative monitoring for TV program are as follows. For health-related informations major propotions of subjects for the newscastings were about diseases. Those for health information programs were about foods. Those for children-education programs were about groceries. Those for seniors’ information programs were about eating habits. The analysis of food and nutrition information sources for most of programs were interviews with specialist and normal person, and on-the-spot-investingations. For food and nutrition informations those were evaluated as inappropriate, the propotion of news was increased to 72.2% in 2003 from 49.3% in 2002. For health information programs, it was increased to 67.7% in 2003 from 54.0% in 2002. But, in drama the propotion of inappropriate scenes were decreased to 16.2% in 2003 from 63.2% in 2002. In children-education programs, it was 40.0%. In seniors’ information programs, it was 17.9% in 2002. The propotion of cases that the quantity of foods is inappropriate in the food scene of serial drama, decreased to 15.8% in 2003 from 28.6% in 2002. The rate of drinking scenes increased to 11.5% from 10.7%. The rate of smoking scenes decreased to 0.2% from 1.6% due to the broadcasting self-regulation of smoking scenes in dramas. In the newscatings and information programs, reasons of being evaluated as inappropriate was that they didn’t have any practical suggestions and proper intakes. There were also insufficient explanation for technical terminology, different comparison standard of nutritive value, and exaggeration for physiological effect of food. The drama contained a lot of unnecessary scenes of alcohol drinking, coffee drinking, midnight meal, and had more quantity of foods than the quantity needed for persons to the scene. As the result of this study, the rate of food and nutrition information were high, but the rate of information which was evaluate as appropriate was not sufficient. There are need to improve contents of information and to moniter the contents for consumer.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.457-463
• /
• 1994

Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian and poultry growth. IGF-I has many actions in different tissues, which include metabolic, mitogenic, and differentiative actions. IGF-I induces insulin-like effects - such as increased cell glucose uptake and glycogen sysnthesis, however several physiological actions of IGF-I may not have been identified yet. In order to investigate the effect on growth in broiler chicken treated with exogenous insulin-like growth factor-I, 30 chickens were injected $50{\mu}g$ reconbinant human IGF- I (rhIGF- I ) per kg body weight as experimental group and 30 ckickens saline subcutanously as control, 3 times according to ages from 2 to 35 days. We established radioimmunoassay method by which we can measure chicken IGF- I (cIGF- I ) as in rhIGF- I assay. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The dilution curve showed in parallelism between rhIGF- I and cIGF- I in the Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge plasma extracts. 2) The body weight of broiler chicken were significantly increased at 31 days($1,176.50{\pm}99.79g$) and 35 days($1,252.84{\pm}125.21g$) of age in treatment groups, compared with control group($1,011.88{\pm}40.22g,\;1,111.32{\pm}153.67g$). The liver and kidney weights on 35 days$(35.24{\pm}5.18g,\;11.05{\pm}1.47g)$ were significantly higher in rhIGF- I treated group than control group($30.95{\pm}4.04g,\;10.01{\pm}1.60g$) 3) The plasma concentration of IGF- l and total protein in rhIGF- I treated group were $58.17{\pm}1.69ng/ml$, $3.75{\pm}0.62g/dl$ respectively compared with control group $45.70{\pm}1.64ng/ml$, $2.32{\pm}0.53g/dl$. The results suggest that exogenous rhIGF- I increased total body weight, liver and kidney weights in broiler chicken, and it may increase IGF- I and total protein concentration in serum.