• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2005

The purposes of this study are to find out the differences of parent-adolescent communication patterns, family cohesion and adaptability according to socio-demographic variables, to estimate the differences of family cohesion and adaptability according to parent-adolescent communication variables and to offer the basic data that are needed to improve desirable parent-adolescent communication, family cohesion and adaptability. Results of these analysis can be summarized as follows. 1. Open communication with father was showed significant difference according to adolescent's birth order. Close communication with father was showed significant difference according to adolescent's sex, adolescent's birth order and family type. Open communication with mother was showed significant difference according to adolescent's sex. Close communication with mother was showed significant difference according to adolescent's sex and birth order. 2. Family cohesion was significantly different adolescent's sex and income level. And family adaptability was significantly different adolescent's set adolescent's birth order and income level. 3. Family cohesion was influenced by open communication with father, open communication with mother, income level and adolescent's sex. And family adaptability was influenced by open communication with father, open communication with mother, close communication with father, income level and adolescent's sex.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this research was to explore nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) in Korea. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A total of 196 participants were recruited from the ELNEC-PPC course held in Seoul, Korea. All participants completed a 20-item survey questionnaire which assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC using a 7-point Likert scale. Results: Nurses' knowledge of PPC correlated with their educational level and work experience in the pediatric unit and hospice care unit. The work experience in the pediatric unit, career length in PPC and completion of palliative education course made differences in the attitudes toward PPC. Married nurses scored significantly higher on the parental rights in determining palliative care service for their child, and nurses with master's degree or higher showed a higher level of understanding of and attitudes toward the differences between PPC and adult palliative care. Conclusion: The factors influencing nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC need be considered to develop a pediatric palliative training program.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.353-358
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• 2013

A study investigated the effects of Galla Rhois (GR) on growth performance and diarrhea incidence of postweaning piglets. One hundred 28-day-old piglets were randomly assigned into five experimental groups, which were a basal diet alone (NC), chlortetracycline 0.3 g/kg feed (PC) and supplemented with GR 1.0 g/kg feed (GR 1), GR 2.0 g/kg feed (GR 2), and GR 4.0 g/kg feed (GR 3). After 28 days of administration, final body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio of PC, GR 2 and GR 3 was significantly different compared to those of NC (p < 0.05). Additionally, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of PC and all groups treated with GR was significantly different compared to those of NC (p < 0.05). Especially, final BW, ADG, ADFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of GR 2 and GR 3 were not significant different compared to those of PC. In fecal scores and duration of diarrhea, PC and all groups treated with GR were significantly different compared to NC (p < 0.05). In hematogolical and serum biochemical analysis, there were no significant differences in any of the hematogolical and serum biochemical parameters examined in either NC or all groups treated with GR. The results of this study indicated that GR could be a potential candidate as feed additives for the improvement of growth performance and incidence of diarrhea in piglets.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-40
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• 2016

This study provides numerical data on the status of music therapy practices in 54 hospice and palliative care settings in Korea. Two different questionnaires for music therapists and coordinators were sent to 54 coordinators via email, and 47 (87%) hospitals and centers replied by email or post. The survey period was October 30 through December 5, 2014. Music therapists were asked to respond to 65 questionnaire items regarding working conditions, environment, session process, and personal competence. Coordinators were asked to complete 28 questionnaire items regarding the status of music therapy in their perspective setting. Twenty-two (46.8%) hospitals and centers were running music therapy programs with 28 music therapists, and 19 (67.9%) of these music therapists majored in music therapy. There was a significant difference between music therapists (M= 3.43, SD = 0.96) and coordinators (M= 2.73, SD = 0.77) regarding conditions and environment of music therapy sessions (p < .05). The circumstances and conditions for music therapy are inad quate for optimal implementation of music therapy practice. However, the perceived benefits of music therapy by coordinators suggest that music therapists do play an important role in hospice and palliative care. This research provides the first quantitative baseline data of music therapy status in hospice and palliative care settings in Korea.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to propose a directionfor fire safety education and to discuss the current issues of fire extinguisher training A survey was conducted, and the results show that only 52.1% of homes have a fire extinguisher, whereas over 93% of public and private work places (e.g., schools and businesses) have a fire extinguisher. Approximately 90% of the survey participants had fire extinguisher training experience. However, only 65.8% of the public and private work places conducted fire extinguisher training regularly. 42.5% of survey participants had not been trained in the past year. In the survey result on fire extinguisher knowledge, participants showed a score of 3.95/5.00 for how to use a fire extinguisher and a score of 3.00/5.00 for the meaning of the ABC ratings of fire extinguishers. An independent T-test showed that the "the installation of fire extinguishers in the house" and "regular fire safety education in your group" have influences on the "the knowledge of fire extinguishers" (p < .05).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study an examination was done of the effects of a adolescent smoking cessation motivational program on smoking temptation, internal motivation, stage of smoking cessation and quit rate. The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Participants in the experimental group were adolescents who smoked and were referred to the program by their high school teachers. They participated in the smoking cessation motivational program for 60 minutes per session, once or twice a week for six weeks. Participants in the control group were selected from the same age group within the school and the program was provided after the posttest was completed. t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to analyze data. Results: The level of smoking temptation, internal motivation and stage of smoking cessation had significant change in comparison to the pretest whereas the control group did not exhibit these changes. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a smoking cessation motivational program for adolescents is an effective strategy to increase smoking cessation motivation in adolescents, and can be utilized as an effective intervention for adolescents who smoke.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2006

Ginsengs(1-3 years old) from the Keumsan were analysed for the rare earth element(REE) contents and compared with their soils from the biotite granite(CR), phyllite(PH) and shale(SL) areas. In the soils, high REE contents and correlations were found in the SL. In the ginsengs, high element contents were shown in the SL. High correlations were found in the 3 year. In the upper parts, the 2 year of the GR was mainly high. Comparing with the same aged ginsengs, high elements were shown in the SL. Positive correlations were dominated and high correlations were shown in the 3 year ginsengs. In the root parts, the GR was high in the 2 year while the PH and SL were high in the 3 year. Comparing with the same ages, high elements were shown in the SL. High correlation relationships were found. Comparing between upper and root parts, the upper parts were mainly high, LREE showed big differences and relative ratios of the 2 year were mainly high. Comparing between soils and ginsengs, the soils were mainly high. Ratios between soils and root parts(soils/root parts) were higher than those of the upper parts. Ratios of the LREE showed big differences relative to those in the HREE and the ratios increased with ages. Overall results suggested that ginsengs of the SL were similar to those of soils and those of the PH showed big differences.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 1993

Korea has successfully achieved a lowered fertility level owing to the strong population control policy and effective family planning program. Along with fertility decline and decreased number of children in family, average number of household members has decreased and nontraditional households such as one person household and households composed of unrelated individuals have prolifirated, even though the absolute number of them are found minimal in Korea. However in recent years several data and survey results suggest that one person households are gradually in the increasing trend. The study aimed at investigating the real state of one person households in Korea and next analyzing the proportional distribution of one person households by a few socioeconomic characteristics, thus providing basic for eatablishing far-singhted population and social welfare policy in the future. Korea has experienced high growth rate of economy through government-led development plans starting from the 1960s. During the past three decades, Korea has shifted from the agricultural state to the industrialized one. In compliance with the economic growth, urbanization and industrialization have brought about rural-to-urban migration and a great bulk of young population migrated to urban areas, who are seeking for educational and job opportunities. Korean society has also been under drastic change in every aspect of life involving norms, tradition, and attitude, etc. Therefore, in spite of the prejudice on 'living alone' still remaining, young people gradually leave parents and home, and further form nontraditional households in urban areas. Current increase in the number of one person households is partly attributable to the increase in high female educational attainment and female participation in economic activities. As the industrial structure in Korea changes from primary into secondary and tertiary industries, job opportunities for service/sales and manufacturing are opened to young female labor force in the process of industrialization. Contrary to the formation of one person households by young people, the aged single households are composed when children in family leave one by one because of marriage, education, employment. In particular, a higher proportion of aged female single households occur in rural areas due to the mortality difference by sex. Based on the data released form the 1990 Population and Housing Census and National Fertility and Family Health Survey in 1985 and 1991, the study tried to examine the state of one person households in Korea. According to Census data, the number of one person households increased to 1, 021, 000 in 1990, comprising 9.0 percent of total households. And the survey reveal that among total 11, 540 households, 8.0 percent, 923 households, are composed of one person households. Generally, the proportion of female single households is greater than that of male ones, and a big proportion of one person households is concentrated in the 25-34 age bracket in urban areas and 65 years and more in rural areas. It is shown than one person householders in urban areas have higher educational attainment with 59.2 percent high schooling and over in 1991, Job seeking proved to be the main reason for leaving home and forming one person households. The number of young female single households with higher education and economic self-reliance are found nil and the study did not allow to analyze the causal realtionship between female education and employment and one person household formation. However more research and deep analysis on the causal facors on one person household formation using statistical method are believed to be necessary.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.399-416
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• 2017

This study examines the problem of efficient scheduling of waste collection in isolated regions like islands when the waste accumulated amount surpasses the standard ceiling by effectively tracking the accumulating trends based on the optimum checking model of Keller (1974). To grasp whether the waste accumulated amount in isolated regions exceeds the standard ceiling, the relevant authorities can tightly check during a set period, but this entails higher monitoring costs. On the other hand, if the accumulated waste over the ceiling is not immediately checked and collected, and continues for a set period of time, innovative efforts for waste management may be highly demanded. As such, the tradeoffs are considered to draw the optimal checking schedule. This study shows that the authorities get to check less frequently the waste accumulation trends if the monitoring costs increase or when the failure rate of waste management systems drops. On the other hand, they get to check more frequently if the accumulated waste amount in isolated regions exceeds the standard ceiling and welfare loss grows as a result. It also shows that frequent checking is the optimal choice if the social marginal benefits enjoyed from innovative efforts made to keep accumulated waste below the standard ceiling, are not significant.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to survey the current status of the oriental medical service satisfaction and needs that the people who utilizing the medical services and suggest the primary factors of consumption and satisfaction in the oriental medical services the city of Asan. We analyze the use and satisfaction of the customers for the oriental medical services with using the questionnaires to the citizens of Asan. The method of this study is that the participants of the survey was 556 people of Asan City. The survey was conducted from August 15th, 2009 to September 15th, 2009(during 30 days) with disease index that specially developed as oriental medicine. The results of this study are as follows: 556 people were responded the survey. 471(84.7%) of respondents were who have ever been treated with oriental medical service and 85(15.3%) of respondents were who have never been treated with oriental medical service. 25(4.7%) of respondents were who doesn't believe the treat of oriental medicine. 76(13.6%) of respondents prefered the oriental medical service. 413(50.1%) of respondents prefered the acupuncture and moxa treatment and 280(33.9%) prefered the herbs. 227(39.6%) of respondents were treated for musculoskeletal disorders The conclusions from this study are as follows: Firstly, it was found that the people who prefer to use oriental medical services usually have one or more of these following diseases: musculoskeletal disorders, paralysis, unclear diseases or injuries. Secondly, the main factor of customers' satisfaction with oriental medical services lies in the age of the user. The more aged, the more high in customers' satisfaction with oriental medical services was found through the survey. The results of this study can be used to develop marketing strategies for oriental medical institutions in the city of Asan.