• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2000

This study examined the development of phonological awareness of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children, 20 subjects at each age level. The 3-year-olds were given 2 phoneme detection tasks and the 5- and 7-year-olds were given 5 phoneme detection tasks. In each task, the children first heard a target syllable together with 2 other syllables and were asked to tell which of the 2 syllables sounded similar to the target. Children were able to detect relatively large segments ($Consonant_1+Vowel$ or $Vowel+Consonant_2$: $C_1V$ or $VC_2$) at the age of 3 and gradually progressed to smaller sound segments(e.g., phonemes). This study indicated the Korean children detect $C_1V$ segments better than $VC_2$ segments and detect the initial consonant better than the middle vowel and the final consonant.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2001

The pathophysiology of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is not fully understood, but recent studies have disclosed that neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) play important roles in the formation of aganglionic bowel of Hirschsprung's disease. To evaluate the roles of NCAM and GDNF in HD, immunohistochemical analysis was performed using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. On the basis of the results, we tried to evaluate them as diagnostic markers. The specimens were obtained from 7 patients with HD who underwent modified Duhamel operation. The diagnosis was based on the clinical findings and the absence of ganglion cells in the nerve plexuses by routine microscopy. NCAM immunoreactivity was found in the nerve plexuses and scattered nerve fibers in the smooth muscle layers of ganglionic segments. In aganglionic segments, the number of NCAM positive nerve fibers in the smooth muscle layers was significantly reduced compared with ganglionic segments. In two cases the nerve plexuses in aganglionic segments, NCAM was negligible. The smooth muscle cells showed diffuse immunoreactivity for GDNF and the staining intensity was not different in the aganglionic and ganglionic segments. However, higher expression of GDNF in the nerve plexus of the ganglionic segments was noted comparing to aganglionic segments. These data suggest that both NCAM and GDNF may play important roles in pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease and immunohistochemical staining for NCAM can be used as an ancillary diagnostic tool for HD.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.139-152
• /
• 2004

Two subjects, an expert and a novice, were carefully selected based upon their foot speed. Three dimensional videography was used in the assessment of roundhouse kicking of the Tae-kwon-Do. The local reference frames were imbedded at the trunk, pelvis, thigh and shank. Anatomical angular displacement at the joints were measured by projecting the upper segment's local axes to the lower segment's local reference planes. The local axes again projected to the global reference frames and absolved each segment's movement. The peaks of the anatomical angular displacement curve assessed as the countermovements and the angular movements of the segments in the global space absolved in light of the occurrence of the countermovements. The expert showed larger and more countermovements than the novice at the all segments. The counterrnovement occured more clearly at the trunk than the hip and knee joint and during the preparative movement phase. These countermovements occurrence were due to either by turning upper or lower segments and controlled by the turning direction and sequence of the two nearby segments. It was revealed that the countermovements of the trunk during the preparative movement phase was the important factor of the power kicking.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.531-544
• /
• 2009

Strategic alliance is increasingly becoming a popular strategy in the family restaurant industry. In general, strategic alliance can be defined as several brands collaborating in technology development, marketing, or production while keeping their independence as separate business entities. This study identified segments on the basis of sales promotion resulting from strategic alliances between family restaurants and card companies. This study further investigated how brand image, brand value, price fairness, customer loyalty and demographics are different among the segments. From the statistical analysis, three segments were found; 'short-period benefits oriented' segment, 'intangible and discount benefits oriented' segment and 'free benefits oriented' segment. Among the three segments, the 'free benefits oriented' and 'intangible and discount benefits oriented' segments had greater perceived brand image, brand value and customer loyalty than the 'short-period benefits oriented' segment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.64-65
• /
• 2014

Recently freeform buildings which are free from simple shape are implemented depending on improvement of construction method. However, freeform buildings are spent more time and cost to materialize than typical form. Because molds for production of freeform shape cannot be reused. For these reasons, low productivity, delay of construction schedule and budget overflow are occurred. Thus, technology of molds need to be developed for manufacturing of freeform concrete segments. The objective of this study is manufacturing of freeform concrete segments using rod type mold. This technology can implement not only application to various shape but also mass production. Thus, problems of construction period, productivity and cost can be solved. After this study, productivity analysis should be continued through the field application.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the viability of simulating one dialect with the speech segments of another dialect through prosody cloning. The hypothesis is that, among Korean regional dialects, it is not the segmental differences but the prosodic differences that play a major role in authentic dialect perception. This work intends to support the hypothesis by simulating Masan dialect with the speech segments from Seoul dialect. The dialect simulation was performed by transplanting the prosodic features of Masan utterances unto the same utterances produced by a Seoul speaker. Thus, the simulated Masan utterances were composed of Seoul speech segments but their prosody came from the original Masan utterances. The prosodic features involved were the fundamental frequency contour, the segmental durations, and the intensity contour. The simulated Masan utterances were evaluated by four native Masan speakers and the role of prosody in dialect authentication and speech synthesis was discussed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.40 no.7
• /
• pp.643-655
• /
• 1991

The analysis method on air gap permeance distribution, air gap MMF distribution, air gap flux density distribution, cogging torque and BEMF about the skewed stator slots or the skewed rotor magnet segments for BLDCM, respectively, is studied as a function of the skew ratio. The proposed method describes the differences between the skewed stator slots and teh skewed rotor magnet segments for the air gap permeance distribution, air gap MMF distribution and air gap flux density distribution. The reliability of the method is also confirmed by the waveform of the cogging torque and BEMF through experiments. And the result shows that the effects on the cogging torque and BEMF due to the skewed stator slots or the skewed rotor magnet segments are the same. In case of the skewed stator slots, the effects of the variations of the winding resistance and inductance are also studied.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2006

Currently, in order to achieve accurate geolocation of satellite images we need to generate control points from individual scenes. This requirement increases the cost and processing time of satellite mapping greatly. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of modeling entire image strips that has been acquired from the same orbital segments. We tested sensor models based on satellite orbit and attitude with different sets of unknowns. We checked the accuracy of orbit modeling by establishing sensor models of one scene using control points extracted from the scene and by applying the models to adjacent scenes within the same orbital segments. Results indicated that modeling of individual scenes with $2^{nd}$ order unknowns was recommended. In this case, unknown parameters were position biases, drifts, accelerations and attitude biases. Results also indicated that modeling of orbital segments with zero-degree unknowns was recommended. In this case, unknown parameters were attitude biases.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.493-501
• /
• 1996

To assess contribution of T1-201 rest-24 hour delay redistribution in detection of viable myocardium, we studied the predictive value of this redistribution in 17 patients who peformed rest-24 hour delay perfusion SPECT before bypass surgery. Regional wall motion was compared with gated SPECT in 10 patients and echocardiography in 7 patients before and after bypass surgery. Rest and 24 hour delayed uptakes were scored from 0 (normal perfusion) to 3 (defect). In rest SPECT, 56 segments showed perfusion decrease. Thirty four segments(61%) improved after surgery and were defined as viable Nineteen(34%) segments had more uptake of T1-201 at 24 hour delay, and the other 37 segments did not. In 81%(25/31) of segments with mildly decreased perfusion, wall motion after bypass surgery improved, 57% (8/14) of segments with severely decreased perfusion improved, and 9%(1/11) of segments with defects improved. In 14 among 19 segments which had more T1-201 uptakes at 24 hour delay, wall motion was improved(positive predictive value of redistribution: 74%). 20 among 37 segments which had persistent decreases in rest-24 hour redistribution improved and 17 did not(negative predictive value: 46%). Segments having severe perfusion decrease or defects showed improved wall motion after surgery in 64%(7/11), if it had redistribution at delay. Segments with either mildly decreased uptake in resting or rest-delayed redistribution showed improved wall motion in 76%(32/42). Among the 14 segments which showed improvement in wall motion, 10 had partial reversibility in stress-rest images and the other 4 had persistent perfusion defects in stress-rest images. These 4 segments were found viable only with rest-24 hour delayed perfusion SPECT. We concluded that rest T1-201 uptake or redistribution at 24 hour delay should be referred as an evidence to warrant postoperative improvement of abnormal wall motion and we could predict myocardial viability with preoperative rest-24 hour delay perfusion SPECT in the segments with rest perfusion decreases.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.11c
• /
• pp.234-236
• /
• 2004

Transmission control protocol(TCP) is protocol used in internet. TCP is seldom transmission error and is protocol based on wire environment. TCP uses 3 way handshake ways, data transmission control through windows size, data transmission control through reception confirmation, sliding window for packet delivery. In this study, designed TCP packet ion module for analyze the TCP segments & correct information about TCP. TCP capture in internet using designed TCP module and analysed TCP segments composition. Through this, could analyze the correct information of protocol in network.