• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 1983

미국(美國) Wisconsin주(州) Plainfield에 있는 35년생(年生) Red pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.) 간벌조림지(間伐造林地)에서 Biomass와 Net Primary Prodnction (NPP)을 추정(推定)하였다. 지상부(地上部) Biomass는 ha당(當) 97.3ton이었고 이중 수간목부(樹幹木部) Biomass가 67.8%, 지조부(枝條部)가 15.4%, 엽(葉)이 8.4%, 수피(樹皮)가 6.1%를 구성하고 있었다. NPP는 $11.5Mg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로 추정되었고 그중 수간목부(樹幹木部)는 30.4%, 엽(葉)은 25.2%, 지조(枝條)는 36.5%, 수피(樹皮)가 2.6%이었다. Red pine의 다른 추정공식을 사용하였을때 Biomass에 차이가 있었다. 그차이는 주로 수간목부(樹幹木部)의 비중(比重)과 흉고형수(胸高形數)의 차이로 인한 것이었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2008

When wood is exposed to natural weathering and UV radiation discoloration progresses. The color variation of heat-treated wood was investigated. Four domestic species were selected and heat-treated at $220^{\circ}C$ and naturally weathered for 42 days. Their colors were measured with a portable colorimeter. The color variations were different between species. The Korean red pine specimens were highly discolored by the natural weathering even though they were heat-treated. In contrast to Korean red pine, Korean pine is less discolored. The maximum color difference of larch was lower than Korean red pine. All specimens of birch exceeded the color difference criterion of 15 after 25 hours with the maximum of 28.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2009

The objective of this study was the dimensional stabilization of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) wood by the water-based thermosetting resin. A commercial melamine-formaldehyde resin was impregnated into wood samples and cured. The weight and dimensional change of woods treated by the resin, and the absorption and dimensional behavior of treated woods were investigated. The melamine-formaldehyde resin treatment improved significantly the dimensional stability of pine wood and showed about 40% of antiswelling efficiency. The mechanism of dimensional stabilization was interpreted as the complicated reason, such as bulking effect by the resin in cell wall, mechanical restraint and/or blocking of hygroscopic site by the resin in lumen.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

본 연구는 1963년도에 식재된 낙엽송, 소나무, 리기테다소나무 조림지를 대상으로 셀룰로오스 분해와 토양 환경인자 사이의 관계를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 셀룰로오스 분해에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 토양온도, 토양 수분함량, 토양 pH, 토양 이산화탄소 방출량을 2006년 7월부터 10월까지 4개월 동안 측정하였다. 셀룰로오스 분해율은 리기테다소나무($6.5mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$), 소나무($6.2mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$), 낙엽송($6.1mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) 순이었으나 수종간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P > 0.05). 셀룰로오스 분해율은 20cm 깊이의 토양 온도와 양의 상관(소나무: r = 0.77, P < 0.05; 리기테다소나무: r = 0.59, P < 0.05; 낙엽송: r = 0.48, P < 0.05)을 보였으나, 토양 pH와는 음의 상관(소나무: r = -0.63, P < 0.05; 리기테다소나무: r = -0.47, P < 0.05; 낙엽송: r = -0.43, P < 0.05)이 있었다. 토양이산화탄소방출량과 셀룰로오스 분해율은 소나무(r = 0.46, P < 0.05), 낙엽송(r = 0.37, P < 0.05), 토양 수분함량과 셀룰로오스 분해율은 소나무(r = 0.53, P < 0.05)와 유의적인 양의 상관(P < 0.05)이 있었다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 셀룰로오스 분해는 각기 다른 침엽 수종으로부터 발생하는 토양 환경요인에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2018

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) is one of the major Pinus species in Korea. Red pine bark is removed prior to the chipping process in the wood industry and discarded as waste. However, red pine bark contains a considerable amount of naturally occurring phenolics, including flavonoids, and therefore may have a variety of biological effects. In this study, we investigated if Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) could protect neuronal PC-12 cells from oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity. Analysis of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed four phenolics in KRPBE: vanillin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, and taxifolin. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of KRPBE were 397.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and 248.7 mg catechin equivalents/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of KRPBE measured using ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays were 697.3, 521.8, and 2,627.7 mg vitamin C equivalents/g DW, respectively. KRPBE and its identified phenolics protected against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which degrade the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate neurotransmission in synaptic clefts, were inhibited by treatment with KRPBE and its identified phenolics. Taken together, these results suggest that KRPBE and its constituent antioxidative phenolics are potent neuroprotective agents that can maintain cell viability under oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2000

The effect of the treatment with CCFZ, FR-4, and PEG400 from butt end on the dimensional stability and bending properties was examined. Three softwood species such as red pine, Korean white pine and Japanese larch and three hardwood species such as poplar, alder and oak were investigated in this research. Shrinkage of red pine, Korean white pine, poplar, and alder treated with PEG400 decreased. However, there was no significant decrease of shrinkage in Japanese larch and oak. The decrease of shrinkage when moisture content changed from about 20% to 10% was larger than that at any other phase. In regard to the effect of treatment on bending properties, bending MOE and MOR of all specimens treated with PEG400 decreased significantly. Especially in the case of red pine, poplar, and alder treated with PEG400, bending MOR reduced 9%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Reductions of MOR of the hardwood was also much larger than that of the softwood. However, in all species, treatment with CCFZ and FR-4 did not affect the change of bending MOE and MOR significantly. Comparing the large specimen which also included heartwood with the small specimen which included only treated sapwood, there was a difference in the change of bending MOE and MOR between them. The large specimens of Korean white pine, alder and Poplar, which had a relatively low proportion of sapwood(18~22%), showed the decrease of MOR by 11~13% more than that of small specimens, while red pine, Japanese larch and oak, which had a relatively high proportion of sapwood(35~40%), showed little decrease. It means that bending MOE and MOR of structural wood treated from butt end should be considered in terms of sapwood proportion as well as effect of treated chemicals.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 4종의 삼나무, 스프러스, 나왕, 레드파인 시험편을 콘칼로리미터(Cone calorimeter, ISO 5660-1, 2)와 연기밀도시험기(ASTM E 662)를 이용하여 연소성을 시험하였다. 그 결과, 삼나무가 착화시간이 가장 빨랐고 평균열방출율($HRR_{mean}$)이 $58.52kW/m^2$으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 레드파인의 평균열방출율($HRR_{mean}$)이 $71.75kW/m^2$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. CO 발생량에서는 나왕과 삼나무가 가장 많이 발생하였고, 반대로 $CO_2$ 발생량에서는 레드파인과 스프러스가 가장 많이 발생하였다. 동적방법에서의 총연기방출율은 레드파인이 연기가 가장 많이 발생하였고, 스프러스가 가장 적게 발생하였다. 정적방법에서의 연기밀도는 레드파인이 훈소(Non-flaming) 방식과 불꽃(Flaming) 방식에서 가장 높았다. 나왕은 훈소(Non-flaming) 방식에서 2번째로 연기가 많이 발생한 데 반하여 불꽃(Flaming) 방식에서는 가장 적게 발생한 것을 알 수 있었다. 열방출율 측면에서 화재위험성은 4가지 시험편 중 레드파인이 가장 높았다. 연기발생 관점으로 보아도 동적인 방식과 정적인 방식 모두 레드파인이 화재 위험성이 가장 높은 재료였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권6호
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• pp.561-564
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• 2008

소나무 재선충병은 우리나라 소나무림에 심각한 위협이 되고 있다. 소나무 재선충병은 보통 5~6월에 감염되지만 10~11월에 비로소 피해목을 육안으로 확인할 수 있어, 피해예방에 큰 어려움을 겪고 있다. 재선충에 의해 소나무가 고사되는 과정중에는 식생활력도가 크게 감소하게 되는데, 이러한 현상은 분광스펙트럼상의 근적외선 영역에서 분광반사의 감소를 수반한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 현상을 토대로 재선충 피해목의 식생활력도 변화를 식생지수 모니터링을 통하여 분석하였다. 휴대가 간편한 근적외선 카메라를 이용하여 재선충 피해지역의 소나무림을 5월부터 11월까지 매월 촬영함으로써 녹색, 적색 및 근적외선 영역대의 분광반사값을 취득하였다. 이렇게 수집된 분광반사값으로부터 피해목의 식생지수(Vegetation Index: VI)의 변화를 분석하였고, 피해목의 식생지수는 감염초기인 6월부터 감소하기 시작한다는 것을 밝힐 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.498-508
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the potential of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) inner bark extracts as an antidiabetic agent. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the bark extracts was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column to yield five compounds, which structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were (+)-catehin, (-)-epicatechin, taxifolin, taxifolin-3'-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-glucose and $\tilde{n}$-courmaric acid. The antidiabetic activity of the different fractions, including the crude extracts and isolated compounds, was evaluated by ${\beta}$-cells insulin secretion and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. The insulin secretion was 128% for taxifolin at $25{\mu}g/mL$. However, the other samples had no effect on this test. For the glucose uptake activity assay, $1{\mu}M$ insulin and 2 mM metformin were used as controls. Both the crude extract and taxifolin showed relatively low activity values, but the other samples yielded glucose uptake values over 260%. ${\rho}$-courmaric acid showed the highest uptake (270%). The results confirmed that Korean red pine extracts may be used as a hypoglycemic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2016

The Palsangjeon Pagoda is a five-story wooden building in the Beopjusa Temple area in the Songnisan national park in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. According to historical records, it was constructed in either AD 1605 or AD 1626. To specify the construction year more precisely, we took 41 wood samples for tree-ring analysis during repair actions in 2013; 28 from red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), 12 from oak (Quercus spp.), and 1 from fir (Abies spp.). The tree-ring boundaries became clearly visible by smoothing their cross-sectional surface and the tree-ring widths were measured under a stereo microscope. All tree-ring series were compared with each other to establish mean chronologies, which we then compared with local master chronologies established using tree rings collected from wooden elements of the Daeungjeon Hall which is the main building in the Beopjusa Temple area. As a result, it was verified that the red pines were felled in AD 1624 and in AD 1851. Moreover, it was verified that the oaks were also felled in AD 1624 based on cross-dating with the red pine chronology. We concluded that the Palsangjeon Wooden Pagoda was constructed in AD 1626, as mentioned in the historical record (Daeungdaekwangmyeongjeonbulsangki, 1630) and the letters on a purlin on the $4^{th}$ story, using oak and red pine felled in AD 1624 and repaired later on using red pine felled in AD 1851.