• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1261-1274
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• 1997

Contemporary costume by the 'Deconstruction' from the outside has shown disclosure, destruction, poverty and analysis. The conclusion of this thesis as follows, 1. The Deconstruction of disclosure by infra disclosed the underwear and inner structure outside, which has deconstructed a fixed idea i.e.'underwear must be in outwear', modesty versus immodesty and disclosure versus concealment. 2. The Deconstruction of destruction originated in punk look has rejected traditional manners and utility, at the same time, it has shown the ambivalence i.e. completeness versus incompleteness, making versus destructing by slashes, rips, fringes. 3. The Deconstruction of poverty has appeared as French avangarde mode, little black dress by Chanel, second hand style by hippy, blue jean, granny look, especially Rei Kawakubo's poor look influenced by Zen Aesthetics and post punk. It has looked like old and worn out dress by doing patchwork, dye, decolor, rip, fray, which has shown the decentring by concealing the body than disclosing, rejecting snobbery. 4. The Deconstruction of analysis, seemingly partial and patched is a violation only of our expectation of clothing's unbroken entity though it has looked like a fragment. The completeness and coherence of it is made more evident by its breach, void, and bond like a poetic language. As the result, disclosed, destructed, poor, and analytical costumes has expressed as an escape from the appearance which traditional aesthetic concept had pursued.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-80
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the development of 4-year-old children's emerging poetry composition process and features of poetic expression through their own forest experiences. This research also aims to explore the possibility of alternative poetry education for early childhood. Methods: This study collected data from one class of four-year olds through classroom observation, interviews with teachers, and the researcher's journal entries on events that occurred during forest walking activities. Results: Research findings showed that it was possible to encourage free expression of metaphors and imagination in children and they were able to share excitement about poetry with their classmates when provided with an alternative environment. One remarkable finding was that children's spontaneous writing and pleasure in poetry did not continue when given the new theme of 'Mom and Dad'. Conclusion/Implications: The results imply that to encourage the development of children's intuitive poetic words we need to be interested in how to organize and highlight the experiences of children. This study also suggests that positive methodological and teleological changes are needed for poetry education that is separate from language education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-278
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop a social skills training program for rejected young children and to investigate the effects of the program. The developed program used several kinds of interaction methods such as instruction, modeling, rehearsal, feedback, and positive reinforcement. The contents of the program are consisted of role-play, art, language activities, and games. The experimental group with a sample of 9 four-year-old children was those children rejected by peers. There were the other 9 children assigned to the control group. The experimental group received the social skills training program for 50-60 minutes per day twice a week during 12 sessions, and the control group received no treatment. And 9 popular children also joined the program from ninth to eleventh sessions. As compared to the control group, children in the experimental group showed a significant increase in peer acceptance and social skills after they participated in the program.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2010

This study investigates the infant's cognitive and motor development, mother's parenting knowledge, and father's participation of child-rearing according to demographic variables and child-care related variables. A total of 112 infants aged from 11.5 months to 12.5 months old were tested by Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development II; in addition, their mothers participated in the survey. The major results were as follows: First, among five areas of parenting knowledge, mothers attained the highest score on socio-emotional development and the lowest on cognitive and language development. Second, fathers participation in child-rearing were related to their income and the time to start child-care center. Third, the development of infants were positively associated with the father's participation in child-rearing. The implications for designing child-care policy and parent education program were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.39-60
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Nuri-curriculum daycare programs for 3, 4, and 5-year-olds based on the Child Welfare Act. Methods: Data were analyzed according to the analysis criteria for 195 children's safety education programs in the Nuri-Program. The analyzed data used frequency and percentages. Results: First, life safety education was the most important element. And after looking at the contents category of the Child Welfare Act, the results in order are as follows: "raffic safety"; "Health and hygiene management, including the prevention of contagious diseases and drug abuse"; "Safety measures against disasters"; "Precaution and prevention of disappearance and abduction"; and "Prevention of sexual violence and child abuse." Second, there were many safety education activities in accordance to chronological age (3-to 5-years old). Health and safety by subject, season, and life tools were more frequent. By type of activity, conversation and language activity, fairy tales, and plays were the most common activities. Conclusion/Implications: This suggests the need to systematically plan safety education content through a program that links safety-related laws and elements related to the Nuri curriculum in child care centers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.291-305
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• 2020

Purpose : The duration of speech segments reflects children's speech motor development. The purpose of this study was to determine whether segmental sound and word duration varies by age among preschool children. Methods : A total of 60 children aged 4~5 years participated in this study. Participants took the picture-naming test to produce single-word speech data. The duration of the consonant at the initial position of the word and the final position of the word, the voice onset time of plosive, the duration of the vowel following the initial consonant, and the duration of the word were measured. Results : As age increased, the duration of the initial consonant, the duration of the word, and the voice onset time decreased significantly. The main effects of age, manner of articulation, and place of articulation on the duration of the initial consonant were significant. The duration of consonants in the nasal sound and plosives and the duration of bilabial and alveolar sound differed significantly between groups. The main effects of age and vocal type on voice onset time were significant. The main effect of age on the duration of the consonant in the final position of word and on the duration of the vowel were not statistically significant. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the duration of segmental sound and the word were associated with speech development between 4 and 5 years old. Accordingly, duration of the segmental sound and the word may serve as an acoustic cue as they reflect speech development and speech motor control maturity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2012

Heterotopic pregnancy is rare event and the risk is increased with assisted reproductive technology procedures. Heterotopic cervical pregnancy is even more unusual. We report a rare case of heterotopic cervical pregnancy that was managed successfully. A 36-year-old women who conceived by IVF-ICSI was diagnosed with heterotopic cervical pregnancy. She visited the emergency room with vaginal bleeding at 5 weeks of gestation and underwent careful intracervical gestational sac reduction with forceps under abdominal guidance the next day. The postoperative course was uneventful and with regular check-ups, the intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) progressed unremarkably through 41 weeks with delivery of a healthy newborn. We reviewed a total of 37 cases of heterotopic pregnancy that have been reported in the English language literature. There have been many attempts to eliminate the cervical embryo while preserving the IUP, and complete cervical evacuation is important in order to avoid infection, bleeding, and premature birth.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.1 s.33
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• pp.7-24
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• 2003

Considering on the crisis and dilemma of monumentality in Modern architecture, this study analyse the historic reason of decay and new possibility of monumentality within the context of contemporary socio-cultural context. Historically monumentality has been considered as a main substance of High architecture in e tradition of Western Architecture. Difference between building and architecture mainly lies in monumentality which brings about esthetic quality. Usually architects take it granted that the physical and formal characteristics automatically cause the monumentality, But since the modem period the decline of communicative and representative function of architecture made this belief questionable. As Monumentality itself faced the dilemma with the modernity, ironically architects has to response to the task to handle the increasing social demands of monumental building. This study firstly shows the dilemma of monumentality in depth in case of the holocaust museum. Then we analyse the concept of monumentality itself by means of theoretical view of A. Loos and A Riegl We also analyse the change of role which monumental building played in history. Cultural and social change of context, and fundamental change of architecture old way of building a monument impossible. In conclusion this study proposes the new concept and searches new horizon of monumentality with a finding of the otherness of monumentality. Conventional monumental building language has to give way to new approaches. With some examples we already can find a new possibility.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2010

Purpose: Carcinosarcomas are rare neoplasms in which both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements are identified. We have found only twenty one cases of primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma in the English language literature. Therefore it has been difficult to diagnosis because its unclear etiology and low frequency. Methods: A 31-year-old young man with a protruding mass on his ankle dorsum was examined. The tumor was $7{\times}6{\times}3\;cm$ sized and arose from a burn scar. The mass was wide excised and applied split thickness skin graft. Characteristic pathologic finding was a mixture of squamous cell carcinoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Results: Three months after the operation, the patient died of multiple metastasis to the liver, lung and finally of sepsis despite adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: If a metastatic cutaneous carcinosarcoma is diagnosed, wide excision is required. There should be more aggressive management to minimize the risk of recurrence. Further research into the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease and a more careful differential diagnosis may allow improvement in treatment.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-137
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• 2013

Individuals rely on Theory of Mind (ToM) to represent themselves, others, and socio-cultural norms. Distinctive Western and Eastern developmental patterns of ToM have been reported in monocultural children. Relatively little is known about bicultural children, especially those children who grow up in two conflicting and unbalanced cultures. We hypothesized that the development of ToM in these bicultural preschoolers would follow the pattern of the dominant culture. To examine this hypothesis, we recruited English-speaking Chinese Singaporean preschoolers. In Study 1, we tested 3- to 5-year-olds (N = 120) with 5 ToM tasks, including diverse desires, diverse beliefs, knowledge access, and false belief, as well as a vocabulary task. In Study 2, we tested 5-year-olds (N = 30) with a picture-choice version of these ToM tasks. Both studies supported our hypothesis by revealing that the development of ToM in these bicultural children followed the pattern of the dominant culture. Additionally, we found that 5-year-old bicultural children are still developing false belief, and their verbal ability correlated with their ToM.