• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2016

Stable Isotope Analysis(SIA) of carbon and nitrogen is useful tool for the understanding functional roles of target organisms in biological interactions in the food web. Recently, mixing model based on SIA is frequently used to determine which of the potential food sources predominantly assimilated by consumers, however, application of model is often limited and difficult for non-expert users of software. In the present study, we suggest easy manual of R software and package SIAR with example data regarding selective feeding of crustaceans dominated freshwater zooplankton community. We collected SIA data from the experimental mesocosms set up at the littoral area of eutrophic Chodae Reservoir, and analyzed the dominant crustacean species main food sources among small sized particulate organic matters (POM, <$50{\mu}m$), large sized POM (>$50{\mu}m$), and attached POM using mixing model. From the results obtained by SIAR model, Daphnia galeata and Ostracoda mainly consumed small sized POM while Simocephalus vetulus consumed both small and large sized POM simultaneously. Copepods collected from the reservoir showed no preferences on various food items, but in the mesocosm tanks, main food sources for the copepods was attached POM rather than planktonic preys including rotifers. The results have suggested that their roles as grazers in food web of eutrophicated reservoirs are different, and S. vetulus is more efficient grazer on wide range of food items such as large colony of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria during water bloom period.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2018

Background: Recently, the prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) has been increasing rapidly worldwide over a short period. In Korea, the prevalence of obesity has also increased rapidly due to the rapid socio-economic development and lifestyle changes, with differing patterns according to gender. This study aimed to compare the change in obesity prevalence according to gender among the adult population in Korea using representative data, the National Health Check-up Database (NHCD), to follow-up individuals who had undergone checkups during both years in Korea (2011~2013). Methods: To analyze the changes in obesity prevalence in the recent two years, data regarding men and women who had undergone health check-ups in both two years (2011, 2013) were extracted. The final study population comprised 144,934 persons: 83,604 (58%) males and 61,330 (42%) females. Chi-square test within a univariate analysis, and the level of factor difference was verified with t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison. Results: In 2011, one out of three participants was obese (BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$; male, 37.7%; female, 27.3%) and more than half of the subjects were overweight (BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$; male, 65.6%; female, 50.4%) requiring obesity management. For the two years, the BMI of the participants significantly increased (p < .0001) and the prevalence of obesity increased among both males and females. The prevalence of obesity was higher among both genders with a longer duration of smoking, more smoking, family history of hypertension, and family history of diabetes. However, residence, income level, drinking status, psychiatric disorder, disability status and severity of disability were the opposite gender. Conclusion: In the analysis of data, the prevalence of obesity among both men and women was increasing. The degree of change in the prevalence of obesity among men and women was different in each variable. Thus, it will need to consider gender in developing health policies for obesity mediation and to provide integrated healthcare and management for those people.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.656-667
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive research to grasp the effects of job stress on turnover intention and to confirm the mediating effect of organizational commitment according to the extent of job stress, organizational commitment and turnover intention in the relations between job stress and Turnover Intention of nurses working in general hospitals. Method: The subjects of this study were 199 nurses are working in general hospitals, that have more than 200 beds and less than 400 beds, located in Gwangju. I surveyed them using a structured questionnaire for collecting data from Sep. 01, 2017 to Sep. 20, 2017. The collected data were analyzed by the frequency, the percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's Test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Regression Analysis and Sobel Results: In the first step, job stress as an independent variable had a statistically significant effect on organizational commitment(${\beta}=-.321$, p<.001). In the second step, job stress, an independent variable, also had an important effect on turnover intention as a dependent variable(${\beta}=.389$, p<.001). Job stress and organizational commitment were meaningful predictor variables of turnover intention in the third step. The explanatory power of two variables was 45.5%. The value ${\beta}$ of job stress in the third step was .203(p<.001) which was smaller than its value ${\beta}$,.389(p<.001), in the second step. That meant organizational commitment had the mediating effect on turnover intention. The Sobel Test was conducted to verify the significance of the extent of the mediating effects of organizational commitment. The test result was that the value Z was -3.694 and the mediating effect of organizational commitment was significant on the relation between job stress and turnover intention(p<.002). Conclusion: this study is expected be useful to find ways to reduce subjects' turnover intention by decreasing their job stress, increasing their organizational commitment and developing intervention programs as basic data.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the rate of unmet healthcare needs for elderly over the age of 65 years, as well as analyze the relevance between employment status and unmet healthcare needs due to financial reasons. With regard to the study method, a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between employment status and unmet healthcare needs due to financial reasons, targeting 5,528 subjects over the age of 65 years. The results showed that the rate of unmet healthcare needs was 18.9%, in which the rate of unmet healthcare needs due to financial reason was 8.1%. The rate of unmet health needs was higher for temporary workers(ORs=1.75) than for retirement workers. However, the rate of unmet healthcare needs caused by financial reasons was higher among day workers(ORs=1.92). In conclusion, in order to prevent unmet healthcare needs for senior Korean patients, it is necessary to not only improve the income security system for the elderly, but also improve the occupational form and level of income of these economically active citizens, considering the increase in average life expectancy. Moreover, it is also necessary to reinforce health insurance coverage systems for settling medical expenses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2021

This study was conducted not only to find out the effect of straight body exercise on neck pain, necks disability and neck length change of turtle neck syndrome patients but also to provide fundamental data for this field in the future. Number of 60 persons were selected by pre-test and divided to 21 persons in straight body exercise group, 19 persons in exercise group and 20 persons in control group(non-exercise group). 5 kinds of straight body exercise were applied in straight body exercise group, 8 kinds of strengthening cervical vertebral exercise were applied in exercise group and no exercise was applied in control group. Neck pain, necks disability index and neck length were measured before and after exercise and 10 weeks later as well. The data were analyzed by SPSS(v18.0). In straight body exercise group and exercise group, neck length, neck pain and necks disability index were significantly decreased after eight weeks of exercise and there was no significant difference in control group. Neck length which was checked every week in straight body exercise group and exercise group was significantly decreased and there were significant differences after 3 weeks.. After 2 weeks of 8 weeks exercise, neck length, neck pain and necks disability were checked again in post test and those results were maintained just like 8 weeks exercise status. As above results, it was more efficient in the straight body exercise group than exercise group and control group to decrease neck pain, necks disability and neck length of turtle neck syndrome patients. Furthermore, after 2 weeks of 8 weeks exercise, the results were maintained just like 8 weeks exercise status. Therefore, the author consider that straight body exercise will be effective exercise for turtle neck syndrome patients, and this study would provide fundamental data for this field in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2021

This study is a study on the difference in dose according to the presence or absence of gonadal shielding of scattered rays generated during chest computed tomography examination, and the scattered dose of the examination site was measured by placing the RadEye G-10 device in the center of the phantom. When the gonads are not shielded, the scattering lines of the whole, both sides, posterior and gonads are measured and Xenolite nolead Apron (0.35 mm PB), Xenolite nolead Apron (front 0.35 mm PB Mix back 0.25 mm PB, Skirt overlap), Half Apron After shielding with (0.5 mm PB), each scattered dose was measured. During chest computed tomography, the scattered dose of the test site was measured at 272 μSv, and when not shielded with Apron, the average total was 43 μSv, left 81 μSv, right part 82 μSv, posterior part 38.8 μSv, and Gonad part 16 μSv. Became. Xenolite nolead Apron shielded only the upper part and measured all 11.2 μSv, left part 43.1 μSv, right part 45.3 μSv, posterior part 12 μSv and Gonad part 5.2 μSv. Xenolite nolead Apron (Skirt overlap) covered the Pelvis area 360° and the dose was measured to be 5.6 μSv in the whole, 22.4 μSv in the left, 15.7 μSv in the right side, 6 μSv in the posterior part, and 3.2 μSv in the Gonad part. Xenolite nolead Apron (Skirt overlap) covered the Pelvis area 360° and the dose was measured to be 5.6 μSv in the whole, 22.4 μSv in the left, 15.7 μSv in the right side, 6 μSv in the posterior part, and 3.2 μSv in the Gonad part. When measuring only the upper part with Half Apron, the total measurement was 10.7 μSv, the left part 42.6 μSv, the right part 40.6 μSv, the posterior part 11.3 μSv, and the Gonad part 4.7 μSv. The method of 360° shielding of the pelvic area showed a dose reduction of more than 80%, and a dose reduction effect of more than 70% was shown when all shielding was performed. In all computerized tomography examinations, research to reduce the exposure dose and various shielding devices were used. It is believed that continuous research on the technique is needed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2021

The in vitro antioxidant activity of oregano seed fractions, fractionizing with 80% ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, was evaluated, and their effects on edible oils were determined in corn oil at 180℃. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest radical-scavenging activity. The ferric reducing antioxidant power activity and total phenol content of the ethyl acetate fraction were determined as 6,130 µmol ascorbic acid equivalents/g extract and 770 µmol tannic acid equivalents/g extract, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other fractions (p<0.05). Primary and secondary oxidation products in corn oil added with the ethyl acetate fraction of oregano seed significantly decreased by 1.5 and 1.26 times, respectively, compared with those in the control groups. The major volatile ingredients in the ethyl acetate fraction of oregano seeds were determined to be carvacrol, thymoquinone, and 3-cyclopentylcyl-cyclopentan-1-one. Ethyl acetate is a suitable solvent for extracting antioxidant compounds from oregano seeds and can be used as a natural antioxidant.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2021

Purpose In ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, the absorption of ¹⁸F-FDG due to the activation of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) greatly interferes with the discrimination of lymph node malignant metastasis. Warming the patient's body temperature before and after injection of ¹⁸F-FDG to prevent FDG absorption by BAT is a safe and non-pharmacological approach. The purpose of this study was to identify and select patients with a high potential for BAT activation in advance, and to investigate whether BAT can inhibit FDG absorption when the body temperature is raised for a short time by directly applying heat to the target patient. Materials and Methods Among the patients who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT at the National Cancer Center from January 2020 to December 2020, 825 female patients (415 in the thermal group, 410 in the non-thermal group) under 50 years old were included. The thermal group was administered heat for 10 minutes before injection of ¹⁸F-FDG. For statistical analysis, the Z test comparing the ratios between the two groups was used, and logistic regression analysis was performed to correct for important variables (BMI, outdoor temperature, blood sugar) according to the results of the previous retrospective study. Results Among 825 patients, 19 patients with BAT activated (Thermal group: 5(1.2%), Non-thermal group: 14(3.41%)) accounted for 2.3% of the total. As a result of performing the Z test to compare the ratios between the two groups, the activation of BAT in the thermal group was significantly decreased (P=0.034). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the activation of BAT was also decreased in the thermal group (OR: 0.34, P<0.05). In the multivariate results, BAT activation increased in patients younger than 45 years old (OR: 4.46, P<0.05) and outdoor temperature less than 13.2 degrees (OR: 9.97, P<0.05). BAT activation tended to decrease in the thermal group, but there was no significant difference (OR: 0.37, P=0.066). Conclusion We confirmed that the activation of BAT tends to decrease by 62.5% in the group subjected to the thermal method, and it will be of great help in preventing FDG absorption of BAT more effectively in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare of growth and chlorophyl between old-barley seed (OBS, 2019) and New-barley seed (NBS, 2020) exposed by X-ray. After germination the OBS and NBS, experimental group was exposed by 30 Gy X-ray using linear accelerator (Clinac IS, VERIAN, USA), by 6 MV X-ray, SSD 100 cm, 18 × 10 cm², 600 MU/min. Length was measured every day until 9th day, and chlorophyl was analyzed using spectrophotometer(uv-1800, shimadzu, japan) after measuring weight in 9th day. Data analysis was performed the Independent T-test using SPSS ver 26.0(Chicago, IL, USA). NBS grow more faster than OBS in control group, but OBS grow more faster than NBS in experimental group. Length of control group was longer significantly every day than that of experimental group in OBS. NBS weighted more than OBS in control group, but OBS weighted more than NBS in experimental group. In comparing chlorophyl density, NBS high more than OBS in control group as well as experimental group. Growth and weight of OBS was effected more those than NBS by X-ray, but NBS in chlorophyl by X-ray. It is expected to be used as basic data for future X-ray research in barley seed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

Recently interest in infection control is increasing in hospitalsnfection control has become more important in the overall health care practiceental hospital also requires thorough infection control. There are various kinds of vectormedical clothing. Contaminated clothing of a hospital staff can be a vector of nosocomial infecton. actual case of nosocomial infecton caused by contaminated medical clothing, nursing students were measuring contamination levels of uniforms and pathogenic microorganism wdetected in front of the uniform and pocket. There is also a high risk of exposure to contamination in the dental hospital. We conducted a study to enhance awareness about infection and proper clothing management by comparing before and after contamination of clothing caused by aerosols produced during scaling. Subjects were scaling operators' uniforms in the department of dental hygiene, K University located in Daejeon. Before scaling, the uniform was sterilized by autoclavecaling was performed times in the same place (an average of 60 minutes per person, a total of 180 minutes). ive parts of the uniform (sleeves, chest, belly, thigh, edge of pants) contracted Rodak-plate for 15 seconds. After incubating the contacted Rodak-plate at 37℃ incubator, contamination levels by measuring the number of colonies. As a result, all parts increased number of colonies. ontamination order chestedge of pants thigh belly sleeves. Increase rate of colonies was also high in the order chest edge of pants thigh belly sleeves. This study showed seriousness of clothing contaminationcaused by aerol produced during scalingcontamination of clothing can be a path to nosocomial infecton. According to th study, infection control for clothing as well as dental instruments should be implemented and thorough infection control training needed for dental staff. In further researches, practical infection prevention supplementing clothing management method.