Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Feeding Behavior of Crustaceans (Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda): Food Selection Measured by Stable Isotope Analysis Using R Package SIAR in Mesocosm Experiment

메소코즘을 이용한 지각류, 요각류 및 패충류의 섭식 성향 분석; 탄소, 질소 안정동위원소비의 믹싱모델 (R package SIAR)을 이용한 정량 분석

  • Chang, Kwang-Hyeon (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Seo, Dong-Il (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Go, Soon-Mi (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Sakamoto, Masaki (Department of Environmental Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University) ;
  • Nam, Gui-Sook (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Yun (National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kim, Min-Seob (National Institute of Environmental Research, Environment Research Complex) ;
  • Jeong, Kwang-Seok (Department of Nursing Science, Dongju College) ;
  • La, Geung-Hwan (Department of Environmental Education, Sunchon National Univeristy) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Woo (Department of Environmental Education, Sunchon National Univeristy)
  • 장광현 (경희대학교환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 서동일 (경희대학교환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 고순미 (경희대학교환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • ;
  • 남귀숙 (농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 최종윤 (국립생태원) ;
  • 김민섭 (국립환경과학원) ;
  • 정광석 (동주대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 나긍환 (순천대학교 환경교육과) ;
  • 김현우 (순천대학교 환경교육과)
  • Received : 2016.09.27
  • Accepted : 2016.12.12
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

Stable Isotope Analysis(SIA) of carbon and nitrogen is useful tool for the understanding functional roles of target organisms in biological interactions in the food web. Recently, mixing model based on SIA is frequently used to determine which of the potential food sources predominantly assimilated by consumers, however, application of model is often limited and difficult for non-expert users of software. In the present study, we suggest easy manual of R software and package SIAR with example data regarding selective feeding of crustaceans dominated freshwater zooplankton community. We collected SIA data from the experimental mesocosms set up at the littoral area of eutrophic Chodae Reservoir, and analyzed the dominant crustacean species main food sources among small sized particulate organic matters (POM, <$50{\mu}m$), large sized POM (>$50{\mu}m$), and attached POM using mixing model. From the results obtained by SIAR model, Daphnia galeata and Ostracoda mainly consumed small sized POM while Simocephalus vetulus consumed both small and large sized POM simultaneously. Copepods collected from the reservoir showed no preferences on various food items, but in the mesocosm tanks, main food sources for the copepods was attached POM rather than planktonic preys including rotifers. The results have suggested that their roles as grazers in food web of eutrophicated reservoirs are different, and S. vetulus is more efficient grazer on wide range of food items such as large colony of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria during water bloom period.

탄소와 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용한 먹이망 구조 해석 기법은 수생태계 연구에서 폭 넓게 활용되고 있으며, 먹이원의 정량적 기여율을 분석하는 믹싱모델에 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Bayesian 모델을 이용한 믹싱모델의 적용이 가능한 통계 패키지(R, SIAR package)의 사용방법을 제시하고, 사용 예로 저수지 및 메소코즘 배양조에서의 동물플랑크톤과 먹이원의 탄소, 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용한 섭식 성향 분석 방법 및 결과를 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 국내 저수지 및 대형하천 등에서 주로 우점하는 Daphnia galeata는 소형의 POM (<$50{\mu}m$)을 주로 섭식하는 것으로 나타나, 부영양화된 환경에서 녹조 발생시 먹이로의 활용이 용이하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 논 생태계 등에서 빈번히 출현하는 패충류의 경우 D. galeata와 유사한 섭식 성향을 나타내었다. 반면 습지 등에서 주로 출현하는 Simocephalus vetulus의 경우, 부착성 POM이 아닌 부유성 POM을 주로 섭식하며 Microcystis를 포함하는 대형의 POM (>$50{\mu}m$)을 섭식하는 것으로 분석되었다.

Keywords

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