• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2003

A mutant herpes simplex virus 1, mtHSV, was constructed by inserting the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene into the loci of icp34.5, the apoptosis-inhibiting gene of HSV. The mtHSV replicated in and lysed U251 (human glioma cells), EJ (human bladder cells), and S-180 (mice sarcoma cells), but not Wish (human amnion cells) cells. With its intact tk (thymidine kinase) gene, mtHSV exhibited susceptibility to acyclovir (ACV), which provided an approach to control viral replication. An in vivo test with mtHSV was conducted in immune-competent mice bearing sarcoma S-180 tumors, which were treated with a single intratumoral injection of mtHSV or PBS. Tumor dimensions then were measured at serial time points, and the tumor volumes were calculated. Sarcoma growth was significantly inhibited with prolonged time and reduced tumor volume. There was microscopic evidence of necrosis of tumors in treated mice, whereas no damage was found in other organs. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that virus replication was exclusively confined to the treated tumor cells. HSV-1 DNA was detected in tumors, but not in the other organs by a polymerase chain reaction analysis. From these experiments, we concluded that mtHSV should be a safe and promising oncolytic agent for cancer treatment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2004

Although the biological functions of metallothioneins (MTs) are still being investigated, they have been suggested to be involved in detoxification of heavy metals, scavenging of free radicals, and protection against alkylating agents. MTs have been reported to be induced in most of animal tissues by heavy metals such as zinc, copper, mercury and cadmium, and the proteins have binding affinities to the metals. However, the presence or induction of MTs was reported not to be clear in leydig cells, which produce testosterone for the maturation of spermatozoa in male testes. In this study, we investigated the inducibility of metallothionein isomers by cadmium in cultured mouse leydig cells. Total RNA was extracted from the near confluent grown leydig cells and RT-PCR was Performed using the Primers which were synthesized on the basis of MT-1, 2, 3 and 4 cDNA from GenBank database. As results, MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA were found to be expressed in cadmium non-treated control cells and MT 1 mRNA expression was dose-dependent when leydig cells were treated with cadmium chloride. But MT-3 which is known to be brain specific and MT-4 which is another isoform of metallothionein, were not expressed. Other genes induced or depressed in cadmium treated leydig cells were also identified by microarray techniques.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.24
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• pp.153-167
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• 2003

We performed nuclear DNA typing and mitochondrial DNA sequencing analysis based on PCR from an ancient Korean remainsexcavated from Siheung in Korea. 7 bones were collected and partially STR(short tandem repeat) systems, Sex determination Amelogenin kit(Promega co, USA), were used in this study. Mitochondrial DNAs were also amplified and sequenced by ABI 310 DNA sequencer. We know that sample no. 2 and no. 3 were females and also sample no. 2 and no.7 possessed the same maternal inheritance by mitochondrial DNA sequencing results. Throughout this research, the mitochondrial DNA sequencing of human in the middle of Joseon Dynasty in Korea is obtained. In addition, this finding will be an important foundation for the future research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.624-630
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• 2016

Many studies have reported the frequency and distribution of haplogroups among various cattle breeds for verification of their origins and genetic diversity. In this study, 318 complete sequences of the mtDNA control region from four Korean cattle breeds were used for haplogroup classification. 71 polymorphic sites and 66 haplotypes were found in these sequences. Consistent with the genetic patterns in previous reports, four haplogroups (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were identified in Korean cattle breeds. In addition, T1a, T3a, and T3b sub-haplogroups were classified. In the phylogenetic tree, each haplogroup formed an independent cluster. The frequencies of T3, T4, T1 (containing T1a), and T2 were 66%, 16%, 10%, and 8%, respectively. Especially, the T1 haplogroup contained only one haplotype and a sample. All four haplogroups were found in Chikso, Jeju black and Hanwoo. However, only the T3 and T4 haplogroups appeared in Heugu, and most Chikso populations showed a partial of four haplogroups. These results will be useful for stable conservation and efficient management of Korean cattle breeds.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1994

Samples of Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus borberi ) from Korea were analyzed by multivariate, air-drying , and blot-hybridization methods in order to determine the degree of variations of morphological characters, chromosomal karyotype, and mtDNA restriction fragment patterns, respectively, Moreover, morphometric characters of samples of Siberian chipmunks from Manchuria(T.sibiricus orientalis) were also analyzed in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the subspecies barberi. Siberian chipmunks from six localities in Korea were in morphometric characters more or less similar with one another and Siberian chipmunks from Manchuria were not so distinct enough to from a subgroup. Siberian chipmunks from Four localities in Korea were identical in their karyotypes (2n=38) : samples from three localities in Korea were nore or less similar in their mtDNA fragment patterns. Siberian chipmunks from Korea appeared to be a omogeneous population and as noted by Corbet (1978) subspecies barberi is the synonym of subspecies orientalis. The scientific name of Siberian chipmunks from Korea and Manchuria is T. sibiricus orientalis, although systematic studies with the samples from North korea, Manchuria and China will be necessary for their taxonomic reconsideration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 1989

DNA methyltransferase was purified 282.6-fold from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 21gr (mt+) gametic cell to examine the effect of polyamine on the enzyme acctivity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) revealed at least three bands(1 major band, 2 minor bands). Among these, the major band represents DNA methyltransferase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS-PAGE) revealed a major band with M.W. 60,000. DNA methyltransferase activity was inhibited more effectively by spermine than by spermidine, and the inhibition by putrescine was smaller than spermine and spermidine. DNA methyltransferase activity was inhibited by 40% and 53% at 5mM and 20mM spermine, respectively. In the case of spermidine, the inhibition was 35% at 10mM and 44% at 20mM. However, the inhibition by putrescine appeared only above 5mM and reached about 25% at 20mM.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

The partial sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in two subspecies of striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius coreae and A. agrarius manchuricus) from Korea and northeast China were analyzed to determine the degree of genetic diversity in ech subspecies and to confirm their subspecific difference. In 18 specimens of A. agrarius coreae, ten haplotypes were resulted, and in two specimens of A. agrarius manchuricus. one haplotype was revealed. Tamura-Nei nucleotide distance among ten haplotypes in subspecies coreae ranged 0.36 to 1.86%. and nucleotide distance between two subspecies (coreae and manchuricus) was 0.37 to 1.47%: maximum infrasubspecific divergence in coreae was greater than maximum intersubspecific difference between two subspecies. Moreover, no major subgroup was resulted when 11 haplotypes in two subspecies were compared. Our sequence result was not cancordant with the morphological data studied so far, and it is concluded that cytochrome b gene sequence is not a good genetic marker to distinguish two subspecies of A. agrarius. In futurem, mtDNA control region analyses seemded to be necessary to reveal genetic relationship between these two subspecies of A. agrarius.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2019

This study was conducted to know the genetic diversity and population structure of Japanese halfbeak (Hyporhamphus sajori) in the Northeast Asia, using mitochondrial DNA control region. In the present study, a total of 70 individuals were collected from three locations of China (Liaoning), Korea (Tongyeong) and Japan (Wakasa Bay), and 47 individuals sequences from three locations of Japan (Wakasa Bay, Toyama Bay and Mikawa Bay) were downloaded from genbank. A total of 7 haplotypes were identified with 7 polymorphic sites from 358 bp length sequences. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were very low and ranged from 0 to 0.295±0.156 and 0 to 0.0009±0.0011, respectively. Ancestral haplotype was shared by 94% individuals. An extremely low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and starlike minimum spanning tree indicated that the species have undergone a recent population expansion after bottleneck. Pairwise F_ST values were low and there was no significant differences among populations suggesting a gene flow among the populations. Dispersal of the eggs with the aid of drifting seaweed and currents might be the major responsible factor for the genetic homogeneity.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2005

To establish taxonomic system of morphologically similar species of small-spored Alternaria, phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS 1, ITS 2 and 5.8S rDNA) and mitochondrial small subunit (mt SSU) rDNA sequences and URP-PCR fingerprinting analysis from 11 species ofAlternaria were performed. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and mt SSU rDNA sequences revealed that 10 out of 11 species of the smallspored Alternaria were phylogenetically identical with a bootstrap value of 100%. A. infectoria only was phylogenetically differentiated from the other species. The results suggest that the 10 small-spored Alternaria species are very closely related evolutionally and the markers can not be used for differentiation of the smallspored Alternaria species. URP-PCR fingerprinting analysis from eleven species of smallspored Alternaria using 10 URP primers showed that it was possible to differentiate the species, although genetic similarities were found among the species. The Alternaria sp. from common pokeweed could be distinguished from other species by URP-PCR analysis, and it was considered as a new species. A. infectoria could be easily distinguished from the other 10 species by phylogenetic analysis of ITS and mt SSU rDNA sequences and the URPPCR fingerprinting analysis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.259-262
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• 2017

Mitochondria play essential role in eukaryotic cells including in the oxidative phosphorylation and generation of adenosine triphosphate via the electron-transport chain. Therefore, defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can result in mitochondrial dysfunction which leads to various mitochondrial disorders that may present with various neurologic and non-neurologic manifestations. Mutations in the nuclear gene polymerase gamma (POLG) are associated with mtDNA depletions, and Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome is one of the most severe manifestations of POLG mutation characterized by the clinical triad of intractable seizures, psychomotor regression, and liver failure. The hepatic manifestation usually occurs late in the disease's course, but in some references, hepatitis was reportedly the first manifestation. Liver transplantation was considered contraindicated in Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome due to its poor prognosis. We acknowledged a patient with the first manifestation of the disease being hepatic failure who eventually underwent liver transplantation, and whose neurological outcome improved after cocktail therapy.