• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.21.1-21.10
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• 2022

With the increasing population of companion dogs, the social cost derived from their behavioral problems is increasing. Therefore, it is important to understand the environment to provide experience for dogs via interactions with their owners to prevent and solve these problems. The parenting behavior of dog owners as an environmental factor has a profound impact on the behavior development of dogs, as does the parenting behavior on children. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a scale to assess the dog owner's parenting behavior. Exploratory factor analysis involving 300 participants resulted in a scale with four subscales, Positive Education, Involvement of Socialization, Intimacy, and Stable Responses, and 19 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to verify its reliability and validity. The result of parenting behaviors assessed by this scale was significantly different between a group with dogs with problematic behavior (n = 141) and those without (n = 159). Overall, a dog owner's parenting behavior involves affection and control aspects, but the role required specifically in the control aspect is distinguished from the parenting behavior with children. The findings in the present study will provide dog owners with effective education that will help prevent dogs from developing behavioral problems.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.244-248
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• 2011

Hypoadrenocorticism results from the deficient adrenal gland production of glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids. Fludrocortisone have been used for the management of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. But desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) have been administered for management of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs since several years because of the equivalent effect of fludrocortisone, and lessening of owner and patient's effort. The therapy of DOCP was evaluated in 14 dogs diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism based on clinical signs, an electrolyte imbalance, and the results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test. DOCP was administered at 25-day intervals at an initial dose of 2.2 mg/kg. The dogs were monitored for clinical signs and serum electrolyte, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations every 25 days. Fludrocortisone was an effective treatment in dogs overall; however, a change to DOCP was necessary in 7 dogs because of adverse effects or poor responses. Another 7 dogs were treated with DOCP from the first time. A total of 14 dogs were treated with DOCP. Clinical signs and electrolyte imbalance resolved completely in 12 dogs. However, mild clinical signs, such as shivering, remained in 2 dogs, and 4 dogs required regular supplementation with prednisone. Improvements in clinical signs and electrolyte imbalance were significantly better after treatment with DOCP than with fludrocortisone. The results suggest that DOCP may be a better choice than fludrocortisone for the management of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.413-419
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the renal hemodynamics using color Doppler ultrasonography in dogs with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis treated with transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA). Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by ligation of unilateral ureter in 12 dogs. The mean resistive index (RI) value of kidney was significantly increased at 4, 9, 17 days after ligation of ureter. Unilateral hydronephrosis was established in 12 dogs at 17 days after ligation of ureter. Renal artery embolization was performed using selective catheterization in the hydronephrotic kidney of seven dogs and EKG, $SpO_2$body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. There were no dogs expired after TAE-RA and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ethanol solution. In color Doppler ultrasonographic findings, there was no blood flow into the embolized kidneys treated by TAE-RA, however, blood flow signal was found in contralateral normal kidney of dogs treated with TAE-RA compared to that of normal kidney in normal control group. It is concluded that TAE-RA does not affect the hemodynamics of contralateral normal kidney in dogs with experimental hydronephrosis and color Doppler ultrasonography is simple and non-invasive modality for the monitoring of the revascularization of the renal artery after TAE-RA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2007

The present study was performed to clarify the recovery effect of polyacetylene constituents from Acanthopanax senticosus ethanol extracts on $CCl_4$-induced acute hepatic injury in dogs. Sixteen clinically healthy dogs were divided into the control group (six dogs), and experimental group I (three dogs), II (three dogs) and III (four dogs). Acute hepatic injury was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg $CCl_4$ solution ($CCl_4$ : olive oil = 1 : 1) after sterilization. The control group was orally administered with 10 ml of corn oil, and experimental groups I, II and III were orally administered with extracts of A. senticosus at the dose of 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg in 10 ml corn oil for seven consecutive days at 24 h after $CCl_4$ injection. We assessed changes occurring in serum ALT, AST and GGT activities on the pre, day 0, day 1, day 2, day 3, day 5 and day 7, together with the histopathological findings. In experimental group I, the significant changes in serum ALT activities were found on day 5 (p<0.05) and day 7 (p<0.05), compared with those in the control group. However, significant differences were not found in the changes of serum AST and GGT activities. In experimental group II, significant changes were found on day 2 (p<0.05), day 3(p<0.05), day 5 (p<0.05) and day 7 (p<0.05) in serum ALT activities, on day 1 (p<0.05) in serum AST, and on day 2 (p<0.05) and day 3 (p<0.05) in serum GGr activities, respectively. In experimental group III, the changes in serum ALT, AST and GGT activities were not significant. In the histopathological evaluation, experimental group I and II showed much improvement, while experimental group III became worse when compared with the control group. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that low dose (below 10 mg/kg) administration of polyacetylene constituents from A. senticosus ethanol extracts was effective for recovery of acute hepatic injury induced by $CCl_4$ in dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 1980

Normal values of serum electrolytes were determined for adult 36 females and 18 males, 1 to 6 years old, of Jindo dogs. The mean values, standard deviation and rangEs of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and inorganic phosphorus were studied and data analyzed to determine whether differences existed between the values of female and those of male dogs. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mean value of serum sodium was $143{\pm}1.5mEq/liter$, ranged from 138mEq/liter to 152 mEq/liter. The mean values for the females and males were $144{\pm}2.0mEq/liter$ and $142{\pm}1.7mEq/liter$, respectively. They showed that the female dogs had a tendency toward higher values than the male dogs, but no significant sex-related differences were observed. 2. The mean value of serum potassium was $4.6{\pm}0.2mEq/liter$, ranged frem 3.5mEq/liter to 6.0mEq/liter. The mean values for the females and males were $4.7{\pm}0.4mEq/liter$ and $4.5{\pm}0.3mEq/liter$. They showed that the female dogs had a tendency toward higher values than the male dogs, but sex differences were not found to be significant. 3. The mean value of serum chloride was $103{\pm}3.0mEq/liter$ ranged from 95mEq/liter to 117mEq/liter. The mean values for the females and males were $103{\pm}3.2mEq/liter$ and $103{\pm}3.3mEq/liter$, no sex differences showed. 4. The mean value of serum calcium was $5.2{\pm}0.1mEq/liter$ ranged from 4.7mEq/liter to 5.8mEq/liter. The mean values for the females and males were $5.4{\pm}0.1mEq/liter$ and $5.2{\pm}0.09mEq/liter$ respectively, no significant sexd iffere-nces were observed. 5. The mean value of serum inorganic phosphorus was $4.3{\pm}0.7mg/100ml$, ranged from 2.5mg/100ml to 5.8mg/100ml. The mean values for the females and males were $4.3{\pm}0.9mg/100ml$ and $4.1{\pm}0.8mg/100ml$, respectively, no sex differences showed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.337-348
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• 2021

Objectives: To determine the usefulness of MiriChek^TM Oral Bacter as compared to traditional clinical methods in the periodontal assessment of dogs with and without periodontitis. Methods: In this study, 61 dogs were clinically examined using the MiriChek^TM Oral Bacter test kit, and information regarding breed, age (months), sex, weight, presence of disease, and periodontitis stage was recorded. The test used a sample of supragingival plaque from the upper left premolar of the dogs. Results: This study included 30 and 31 dogs with and without periodontitis, respectively. Periodontitis was more common in older dogs than in younger dogs. The average positive and negative sensitivity rates of the MiriChek^TM Oral Bacter test kit were 73.3% and 80.7%, respectively, and were both strongly correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Conclusions: The findings of this study encourage the use of new diagnostic assist test kits, such as MiriChek^TM Oral Bacter, for appropriately detecting and diagnosing periodontal disease in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

The present study evaluated the systemic oxidative stress status during major orthopedic surgery in dogs. Sixteen dogs presented with various orthopedic diseases involving fractures or luxation of limbs. All patients underwent orthopedic surgery for treatment of fractures or luxation of limbs. A significant increase in the plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in dogs after surgery was observed. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly decreased in dogs after surgery. The results of this study suggested that association or relationship in serum between TOS or TAS levels and redox imbalance were caused by surgical trauma in orthopedic disease conditions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.302-308
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• 2004

Sixty-six dogs diagnosed with cystolithiasis at animal clinics in the Busan area between April 2002, and April 2003, were reviewed. The chemical analysis of cystoliths from 66 dogs indicated that the predominant mineral component was struvite (45 dogs), calcium oxalate (14 dogs), or urate (6 dogs). Animals affected with struvite were grouped into four (s-1; struvite only, s-2; struvite mixed with lesser quantities of calcium oxalate or ammonium urate, s-3; nuclei and lamination, s-4; struvite nucleus surrounded by other minerals), with calcium oxalate into six(o-1; calcium oxalate monohydrate only, o-2; calcium oxalate dihydrate only, o-3; combination of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate, o-4; calcium oxalate nucleus surrounded by other minerals, o-5; 100% calcium oxalate monohydrate nucleus surrounded by 100% calcium oxalate dihydrate, o-6; mixed calcium oxalate monohydrate nucleus surrounded by mixed calcium oxalate dihydrate), and with urate into two(u-1; ammonium acid urate only, u-2; ammonium acid urate mixed with lesser quantities of other minerals). In this study, the numbers of 4 groups of struvite were (s-1; 10, s-2; 9, s-3; 21, s-4; 5), 6 groups of calcium oxalate were (o-1; 0, o-2; 1, o-3; 2, o-4; 3, o-5; 2, o-6; 6), and 2 groups of urate were (u-1; 6, u-2; 0). The data from each group was analyzed and compared. Shih Tzu(14 cases), Yorkshire terrier(10 cases), mixed-breed(10 cases) and Miniature schnauzer(7 cases) were more frequently affected than the other breeds. Females(40 cases) were affected more than males(26 cases). Twenty-nine dogs had cystoliths associated with a bacterial urinary tract infection, and uroliths tended to recur. We conclude eradication of urinary infection along with appropriate food (e.g. prescription diet) with client compliance should help in reducing the incidence or severity of the disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.236-240
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• 2008

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium (Ca) and phosphate transport. Secondary hyperparathyroidism usually occur in chronic renal failure (CRF), and it is a common complication of CRF in dogs and cats. Twenty one dogs with renal failure were enrolled in this study. Plasma Ca, inorganic phosphorus (iP) and PTH concentrations were measured. Dogs were divided into two groups by the ratio of Ca to iP (Ca/iP$\leq$1; Group I, Ca/iP$\leq$1.5; Group II). The PTH level between sexes ages were not significantly different. The PTH level and Ca/iP between two groups were significantly different (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, The ratio of Ca to iP may be considered as useful surrogator to predict PTH level of dogs with renal failure.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

Homeopathic Pulsatilla 30C was evaluated in 4 clinical cases of ophthalmic complications with concomitant separation anxiety in dogs. Separation anxiety in dogs is excessive anxiety regarding to the separation from owners and is one of the most common behavioral problems in dog. In addition, ocular diseases is sometimes related with abnormal behaviors. Holistic approach is good alternative method to treat dogs with physical problem associated behavior problem. Homeopathy is one of the complementary and alternative medicines and bases on healing of patients themselves which includes mind healing, not the disease itself. Among the material medical remedy of homeopathy, the Pulsatilla is used as homeopathic remedy for ocular problems, earache, cough, cold, and anxiety from lost attention. These case studies described the successful treatment of ocular diseases and separation anxiety by application of Pulsatilla 30C as homeopathy in 4 dogs. During the homeopathy, these dogs did not receive any other treatments, and were performed the physical exam to check the ocular problems. These dogs were completely cured of physical and behavior problem within 10 days. On following up, any clinical signs were not observed at one month after the last therapy. In addition, as from the treatment the anxiety problem of patients has been much better improved. According to these case studies, we know that an application of homeopathic remedy may be useful therapeutic choice to treat both problems of physical and behavior.