• 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2006

Recently, several theories on the digital speech signal processing expanded the communication boundary between human beings and machines drastically. The aim of this study is to collect dialectal speech in Korea on a large scale and to establish a digital speech data base in order to provide the data base for further research on the Korean dialectal and the creation of value-added network. 528 informants across the country participated in this study. Acoustic characteristics of vowels and consonants are analyzed by Power spectrum and Spectrogram of CSL. Test words were made on the picture cards and letter cards which contained each vowel and each consonant in the initial position of words. Plot formants were depicted on a vowel chart and transitions of diphthongs were compared according to dialectal speech. Spectral times, VOT, VD, and TD were measured on a Spectrogram for stop consonants, and fricative frequency, intensity, and lateral formants (LF1, LF2, LF3) for fricative consonants. Nasal formants (NF1, NF2, NF3) were analyzed for different nasalities of nasal consonants. The acoustic characteristics of dialectal speech showed that young generation speakers did not show distinction between close-mid /e/ and open-mid$/\epsilon/$. The diphthongs /we/ and /wj/ showed simple vowels or diphthongs depending to dialect speech. The sibilant sound /s/ showed the aspiration preceded to fricative noise. Lateral /l/ realized variant /r/ in Kyungsang dialectal speech. The duration of nasal consonants in Chungchong dialectal speech were the longest among the dialects.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제19_20호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1990

Those who are interested in the German diphthongs wil1 find that they are classified into three kinds of forms in accordance with their gliding directions: closing, centring and rising. The German [aI], for example, which derives its origin from [i:] of the riddle high German. Is regarded as a distinctive feature that distinguishes the new high German from the middle high German. The diphthong [aI] is cal led fall ing one, because the sonority of the sound undergoes a diminution as the articulation proceeds. The end part of the diphthong [aI] is less sonorous than the beginning part. In most of the German diphthongs the diminution of prominence is caused by the fact that the end part is inherently less sonorous than the beginning. This applies to the other c los Ing and centring diphthongs. This way of diminution of sonority exerts influence on methods of constructing systems of phonetic notation. The above mentioned less sonorous end part of diphthong [I] shows that it differs from some analogous sound in another context. It is useful to demonstrate the occurrence of particular allophones by introducing special symbols to denote them (here: at→ae). Forms of transcription embodying extra symbol s are cal led narrow. But since strict adherence to the principle 'one sound one symbol' would involve the introduction of a large number of symbols, this would render phonetic transcriptions cumbrous and difficult to read. A broad style of transcription provides 'one symbol for each phoneme' of the language that is transcribed. Phonemic transcriptions are simple and unambiguous to everyone who knows the principles governing the use of allophones in the language transcribed. Among those German ways of transcriptions of diphthongs ( a?, a?, ??: ae, ao, ?ø; ae, ao, ?ø) the phonemic (broad) transcription is general Iy to be recommended, for Instance, in teaching the pronunciation of a foreign language, since it combines accuracy with the greatest measure of simplicity (Some passages and terms from Daniel Jones) .

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

This study examined the foreign accent of Korean speakers of English concerning vowel length and utterance position. It then attempts to explain the foreign accent of Koreans when they speak English. The method was to measure the sentence-initial and sentence-final vowels as spoken by Koreans. I chose these two positions, sentence-initial and sentence-final, in order to know if Korean speakers of English, compared with native English speakers, show a difference in sentence stress. I chose English diphthongs, because most Koreans have difficulty pronouncing these sounds. I found that Korean speakers of English as a second language do not know English sentence stress patterns and show a foreign accent, especially when using diphthongs.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2017

This paper investigated the phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs in pronounced phrasal words of the Seoul Corpus by gender and age groups in order to provide linguists and phoneticians with a clearer understanding of the spoken Korean. Both orthographic and pronounced phrasal words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Corpus using Praat. Then, phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs were tabulated using an R script after syllabifying the phrasal words into separate components. Results revealed that 97% of the number of syllables in the orthographic and pronounced phrasal words were the same while 65.8% showed difference in the syllable structure. 90.5% of the vowels in the orthographic phrasal words were realized in the pronounced phrasal words. A Chi-square test of independence was performed to obtain a significant dependence in the distribution of phonological process types of male and female groups along with a very strong correlation. Female group changed the diphthong yo into yv at the end of the pronounced phrasal words more often than the male group did. Age groups also showed a significant dependence in the distribution of phonological process types along with a very strong correlation. Females in the 40s produced the diphthong yv and made the vowel raising at the end of the pronounced phrasal words most often among the gender and age groups. From the results, this paper concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in light of syllable structure can contribute greatly to the understanding of the spoken Korean.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 영어 2음절 단어가 한국어에 차용될 때 어떻게 음절수가 변화하는지 살펴보고 있다. 일반적으로 영어 2음절 단어는 여분의 음절이 더해져서 차용되는 경향이 강하므로, 본 논문에서는 음절수가 증가하는 경향을 분석하여 음절수를 증가시키는 조건을 밝힐 뿐 만 아니라 음절수 증가 알고리즘을 찾아내는 것을 목표로 한다. 구체적으로 영어 2음절 차용어의 음절수를 증가시키는 요인으로는, 첫째 단어에 이중 모음이 있거나, 둘째 특정한 형태의 자음군이 있거나, 셋째 단어에서 마지막 자음과 그 앞의 모음의 특성에 따라서 어말 모음이 삽입되는 경우에 음절수가 증가한다. 이러한 요인에 근거하여 2음절 차용어의 음절수 예측 알고리즘을 4가지 규칙으로 제시하고 그 적용과정의 예를 들고 있다.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

This study attempted to acoustically analyze the diphthongs of native Jeju speakers in their 70s, 50s, and 20s to observe their diphthong inventories 96 subjects participated in the recording using a set of picture cards. Results show that Jeju dialect speakers in their 70s distinguish /we/ and $/w{\varepsilon}/$, /yo/ and /yc/, but have difficulty pronouncing /ye/, $/y{\varepsilon}/$, and /iy/ correctly. It is interesting to find that the diphthong inventory of Jeju dialect speakers in their 50s are in transitional stage. They share the diphthong inventories of those people in their 70's containing /we/ and $/w{\varepsilon}/$, and /yo/ and /yc/, but they do not produce them as clearly as the latter age group. The former age group also share the common feature with those people in their 20's because both age groups show the same pronunciation of /iy/. The youngest group seldom pronounce /we/ and $/w{\varepsilon}/$, /yo/ and /yc/ correctly unlike native Jeju speakers in their 70s, but they can easily pronounce the diphthong /iy/ like standard Korean speakers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

This paper investigated the phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs in the pronounced words present in the Buckeye Corpus and compared the frequency distribution of these processes by sex and age groups to provide a clearer understanding of spoken English to linguists and phoneticians. Both orthographic and pronounced words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Buckeye Corpus using R. Next, the phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs in the orthographic and pronounced labels were tabulated using R scripts, and a frequency distribution by vowel process types, as well as sex and age groups, was created. The results revealed that 95% of the orthographic words contained the same number of syllables, whereas 5% had different numbers of vowels, thereby proving that speakers tend to preserve vowels in spontaneous speech. In addition, deletion processes were preferred in natural speech. Most vowel deletions occurred with an unstressed syllable. Chi-square tests were performed to calculate dependence in the distribution of phonological process types for male and female groups and young and old groups. The results showed a very strong correlation. This finding indicates that vowel processes occurred in approximately the same pattern in natural and spontaneous speech data regardless of sex and age, as well as whether or not the vowel processes were identical. Based on these results, the author concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in spontaneous speech corpora can greatly enhance practical understanding of spoken English.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.629-632
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• 2000

In this paper, we studied on the phoneme classification for Korean speech recognition. In the case of making large vocabulary speech recognition system, it is better to use phoneme than syllable or word as recognition unit. And, In order to study the difference of speech recognition according to the number of phoneme as recognition unit, we used the speech toolkit of OGI in U.S.A as recognition system. The result showed that the performance of diphthong being unified was better than that of seperated diphthongs, and we required the better result when we used the biphone than when using mono-phone as recognition unit.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2013

Praat프로그램을 활용하면 시각적인 영어교육효과를 얻을 수 있다. 시청각교육이 중시되는 영어교육의 방법론에 비추어볼 때 시각적인 연구의 활용은 교육의 효율성 측면에서 기대되는바가 크다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 점에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 현재 고등학교에 재학 중인 학생들 중 영어성적이 1,2등급에 해당되는 학생과 5,6등급에 해당되는 학생들을 두 그룹으로 나누어 각각의 그룹이 원어민의 발음과 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 알아보고, 그 차이가 어떻게 다른지를 시각적인 면으로 규명해보고자 시도하였다. 이를 위해 원어민이 녹음한 CD가 내장되어있는 영어발음교재를 실험자료로 활용하였다. 구체적으로 영어발음에서 외국인어투를 보일 가능성이 있는 영어저모음과 이중모음이 들어있는 단어와 문장을 대상으로 하였으며, 단어와 문장들은 캠브리지대학교 출판국에서 출간된 English Pronunciation in Use의 교재내용 중의 일부를 활용하였다. 실험을 통해 나타난 결과를 보면 한국인 피 실험자의 두 집단 간에 공히 모음이나 단어단위에선 집단 간, 그리고 원어민의 녹음자료와의 사이에서도 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 다섯 단어 이상으로 구성된 상대적으로 긴 문장단위의 실험에서는 5,6등급 집단의 발음이 유의미하게 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 한국인 피 실험자들의 억양구현실패에서 기인한 것으로 보여지며, 이러한 분석은 Praat프로그램에서 제공한 시각적인 자료에 의해 뒷받침되고 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to analyzed of pronunciationi of botanical names of landscape plants. This study includes the plant that are possible to use as woody landscape material as well as both the native and foreign plants that are already used. Botanical name must be divided into syllables. Every latin word has as many syllables as it has separate vowels or diphthongs. The last syllables is never accentd. The next to the last syllables is called the penult, the third from the last syllables is called the antepenult. The pronuciationi of latinized commemorative names is here that the rules are most apt to be disregarded or ignored.