• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.749-757
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• 2016

This study was carried out to reveal the genetic population structure of the Jeju Island population and the phylogenetic relationship of East Asian populations of the large-footed bat (Myotis macrodactylus) based on the genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial cytochrome B (CYTB) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene sequences. A total of fourteen and nine haplotypes were found in the CYTB and ND1 sequences from East Asian bats, respectively. Haplotype distribution showed locality specific patterns. The results from ND1 haplotype analysis showed that the Jeju Island population has four haplotypes: the Mt. Halla and Western subpopulations have three ND1 haplotypes, but the Eastern subpopulation has just a single haplotype Nd03, which is commonly found on this island. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree showed the closer relationship between Jeju Island and Japan rather than that between Jeju and Gangwon-do Province. The divergence time between the maternal ancestor lineages of Japanese and Chinese populations was estimated to be 0.789±0.063 MYBP. The secondary divergence between Jeju and Japanese bats was calculated about to be 0.168±0.013 MYBP. The Jeju population has immigrated to the island at least fifty thousand years ago. In addition, ND1 haplotype analysis suggested that the insular bats have experienced at least two further genetic differentiation events within this island. Consequently, these findings suggested that the results of this study may play a critical role in understanding the phylogenetic relationship among East Asian bat populations of M. macrodactylus. To prepare more explainable information on evolutionary correlation, analysis is still required to examine using expanded samples from China, Russia, and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.247.2-247
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 2013

Between July and October 2011, radio-tracking was used to analyze the characteristics of home ranges and day roosts of Myotis aurascens by using 3 individuals (male: 2, female: 1). Bat capturing was conducted at a bridge and a nearby forest in Ulju-gun, Ulsan-si. We attached radio transmitters (0.32 g) to the bats and monitored them by using a radio receiver with a Yagi antenna. Home-range analysis of M. aurascens by using 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and 95% MCP showed an average of 106.5 ha and 89.3 ha, respectively, and 50% kernel home range (KHR) showed an average of 8.4 ha. Home range overlap of the 3 bats was observed at the bridge and at nearby water bodies as the core areas, and the size of the home range overlap was 7.3 ha by 100% MCP, 5.9 ha by 95% MCP, and 1.6 ha by 50% KHR. The home range for each bat consisted of the main foraging sites, and the types of foraging sites were similar. M. aurascens-01(M-01) used the bridge and nearby water bodies as the nightly main core areas, M. aurascens-02(M-02) used rice fields and water bodies adjacent to the forest as core areas, and M. aurascens-03(M-03) used water bodies and resident areas as core areas. Although rice fields and resident sites represented the core areas of the home ranges of M-02 and M-03, habitat use was the highest near water bodies as the core area for all the 3 bats. The types of day roosts in this study were a wooden house, canopies of a broad-leaved woodland, and banks of rice fields. The roosts in the wooden house and canopies of the broad-leaved woodland were located within the forest, and the roost in the banks of rice fields was also adjacent to the forest. Our results revealed that the main home range and foraging sites of M. aurascens were located near water bodies as the core area, and forests and places adjacent to the forests were used as day roosts.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2001

To understand the fine structure of Korean bat livers , the authors investigated the liver of four Korean bats; Rhinolephus ferrumequinum korai, Myotis macrodactylus, Myotis dauhentonii ussrinesis, and Murina leucogaster intermedia by transmission electron microscopy. The hepatocytes of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai had large-sized mitochondria and many peroxisomes. In the Myotis macrodactylus, juctional completes, especially desmosomes, were well developed. The Myotis daubentonii ussrinesis had many glycogen particles in the cytoplasm. Also, the space of Disse and sinusoidal spare was filled with amorphous materials. In the Murina leucogaster intemedia, basement membrane was prominent in the sinusoid, and no Kupffer and Ito cells were observed These results suggest the characteristic differences in the liver ultrastructure among Korean bats.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 1992

A total of453 wilci hats inhabiting in Korea were captured ancl .he IgG antibodies againstJapanese Encephalitis Virus(J1IV) were detected by the heniagglut:nation inhibition te5t. 35501' the 453 blood sera showecl positive reaction to JEV with titers of I0 up to 40. Positiverates of male and kniale hats were 70.0'%1 anel 78.1'k. rcspectivclv. Positive ratci accordingto area were 74.7%) in Chungnan~. 72.h'\ulcorner6 in Kangwon and 74.3'"; in C'hungbuk. the resultbof which indicated no dil'krencc in areii. Whereas positive ratus according to hats specie5were 87.5(% f i ~ rC i..cpc~rtilios upernns. fi~llowedb y 83 3'%, k)r Mpoii.\ i ~ ~ : t r u ~ i tci.i~lis~. ~75l.0. '\4 1 forRhitrolol~h.\ '||'&'||',rurn~uic,r~unal ncl 59.6'!41 for Minioprc,ru.s schrc~ibersii.I t was Ibund by incli rrctini~nunofluorosce~icae nd clectron microscope techniques that the virus particles 01. JEVcould infect the brain of a Korean wilcl bats and proliferatn ill the brain cells.he brain cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.653-661
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• 2007

The Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Rule proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency requires the implementation of enhanced coagulation as a control strategy for natural organic matter (NOM) removal and as a means of limiting the formation of all DBPs, i.e., not just the trihalomethanes and haloacetica acids. To control DBP formation, several best available technologies (BATs) were determined for removal of DBPs and DBP precursors. The enhanced coagulation is one of the BATs for DBP precursors removal. Treatment facilities that achieve a specified percent removal of total organic carbon (TOC) prior to the application of a continuous disinfectant or that achieve a residual TOC concentration < 2mg/L prior to the application of a continuous disinfectant are considered to be in compliance with enhanced coagulation. The enhanced coagulation was applied to raw water in Korea, the Han River. Raw water were examined and effects of different raw water qualities on enhanced coagulation were investigated. Three analyses were used for raw water characteristics, water quality measurement, molecular weight distributions, hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractionation. The Han River had the relatively low alkalinity and low organic carbon concentration. The results of molecular weight distributions showed significant portions of low molecular weight organics, which is very different from most water in USA. The alum doses for the required TOC removal guided from USEPA manual were quite low (i.e. 10~30 mg/L alum) for the water, probably due to the specific water quality of the Han River.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the bat's characteristic of using a bridge as a roosting site during the daytime and nighttime. 81 bridges built in the water system of the southeastern area of Gyeongsangbuk-do were investigated from Jul. 2007 to Oct. 2008. The species which use a bridge as a roosting site were 6 species of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Pipistrellus abramus, Hypsugo alaschanicus, Myotis petax, Myotis ikonnikovi and Eptesicus serotinus. There were 7 types of bridges in which three of them had a girder. This kind of structural characteristics are used for a roosting site of bats. There were other factors as well influenced on the utilizing it such as forest, vehicle passing under the bridge, and cultivated land around a bridges.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.193-207
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• 2016

This study discusses the present status of mercury emission and distribution from major anthropogenic sources in Korea and the future trend of mercury emission by activity changes and application of BATs. Atmospheric mercury emission from major anthropogenic sources based on Annex D of Minamata convention was estimated to around 4.89 tonne in 2012. Emission ratios of cement clinker production, coal-fired power plant, waste incineration and non-ferrous metal smelting were 68.68%, 24.75%, 6.29% and 0.28%, respectively. High mercury emission regions were characterized by the presence of cement clinker production facilities and coal-fired power plants. Prediction of future activities was carried out by linear regression of the previous year data. The (total) mercury emission was estimated to decrease up to 48% Under the scenario of BATs to be applied and the change of future activities. Emissions from coal-fired powerplants and cement clinkers were expected to decrease significantly.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting two kinds of bat swing behavior through kinematic analysis. Method: A total of 32 high school baseball players participated in this study. The ball was placed on the tee-ball in a position where the subject could easily swing and the standard bat swing was performed as quickly and as accurately as possible using aluminum bats and wooden bats. Results: The aluminum bat showed a rapid swing speed of about 1.79 m/sec compared to the wooden bat. The speed of the batted ball was found to be significantly greater for the aluminum bat than for the wooden bat. In addition, although the difference between the shoulder-pelvis rotation angle according to the type of bat was not indicated, there was a statistically significant difference between the aluminum bat and the wooden bat in terms of the rotational angular velocity. Conclusion: Even though the results can explain the difference between the bat swing speed and the speed of the batted ball depending on the bat's material, it is difficult to explain the difference depending on the type of bat at the shoulder-pelvis rotation angle. However, shoulder-pelvic rotation angular velocity appears to be higher for the aluminum bat, and the differences in the type of bat is considered to be related to the batting swing factor.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.550-553
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• 2018

The lifespan of bats is longer compared to that of other similarly sized mammals, and it is recorded that some bats' lifespan is more than 30 years. However, it is known that the lifespan of Pipistrellus abramus using human residential areas as their habitats is less than five years. We have put aluminum rings on the forearms of 284 P. abramus starting from 2008. Interestingly, in June 2018, a female adult bat was recaptured ten years after the aluminum ring was attached. The results of this study on the lifespan of P. abramus is new and it's likely to form the baseline for lifespan studies and habitat management of P. abramus in the future.