• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.335-348
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to suggest the roles of government through constructing models of regional scientific technology and information to develop regional innovation system, which can maximize international competitiveness of Korea. To do this, this research compares the characteristics and superiorities of each regional areas in Korea. Constructing DB for scientific technology and information is recognized as a primary factor for constructing scientific technology and information infrastructure. In regional areas, constructing DB for professional scientific technology and information and networks are regarded as a key factor for regional scientific technology and information. Also, the primary problem to be solved in the regional areas is to construct DB for scientific technology and information.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

본 연구는 1960년대 이후 과학적 소양을 정의하고 분류를 시도했던 연구자들의 분류 결과를 3가지 분류 기준에 의하여 재분류하고, 과학적 소양의 정의 분류의 경향을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 과학적 소양이 과학교육의 주요 목표를 대변하는 개념이므로 그 정의에 따른 분류는 과학교육의 목적에 대한 동향을 검토할 수 있는 주요자료가 될 수 있다. 분류 기준은 1) "literate"의 의미로서 '학습됨', '능력 있음', '사회에서 최소 기능을 할 수 있음', 2) 과학적 소양을 표현하는 방식으로서 용어와 서술, 3) 과학적 소양의 내부 구조로서 '단일 구조', '직렬식 위계구조', '병렬식 수평구조'이다. 분류 결과와 해석은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학적 소양의 구조로서 위계 구조는 90년대 후반부터 표현방식으로서 용어를 사용하는 정의와 함께 나타나고 있으며, 학습과 능력사이에서만 위계를 인정하고 사회적 기능으로서의 과학적 소양의 의미는 수용하지 않고 있다. 수평구조는 과학적 소양의 하위 요소 간의 위계 구조를 보이지 않는 대신 사회적 기능으로서 과학적 소양의 의미를 전반적으로 수용하고 있다. 또, 단일 구조는 대부분 과학적 소양을 새로운 시각에서 제안하는 연구에서 나타나고 있으며, 소양의 의미도 최근으로 오면서 학습에서 능력을 거쳐 사회적 기능을 강조하는 특성이 있다. 둘째, 근래로 오면서 과학적 소양을 용어 형식으로 정의하려는 연구가 증가하고, 이들 사이에도 위계를 설정하는 분류가 주도하고 있다. 또한 소양의 세 가지 의미인 학습, 능력, 사회적 기능을 전반적으로 수용하는 분류가 빈번해졌으나, 이들 간에는 위계 구조보다는 오히려 수평 구조를 설정하는 경향이 있다. 위와 같은 분석 결과를 토대로 살펴 볼 때, 과학 교육의 목표로서 과학적 소양의 의미는 학습이나 과제 해결 능력뿐만 아니라, 근래에는 사회적 맥락에서 어떤 역할을 하는 개인을 육성하려는 목표로서 인정되고 있다는 점이다. 또한 주목할 것은 과학적 소양의 이러한 사회적 기능 측면은 위계적이 아닌 독립적인 목표로서의 특성을 견지하고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 변화에 능동적으로 대처하기 위해서는 과학교육이 교과 내 개념학습에서 벗어나 다양한 맥락에서의 적용과 사회적 역할을 중시하는 목표로 전환할 준비를 해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2019

본 연구는 초등교사의 과학적 탐구에 관한 이해 수준과 실태를 조사하여 과학 탐구 지도에 대한 시사점을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. D광역시 초등교사 42명을 대상으로 과학적 탐구에 관한 관점(Views About Scientific Inquiry)설문지를 사용하여 설문조사를 실시했다. 응답한 결과를 분석 준거에 따라 초등교사의 8가지 과학적 탐구에 관한 이해 수준을 3단계(전문가적, 과도기적, 초보자적)로 구분하여 과학적 탐구의 이해 실태를 조사하였다. 그리고 연구대상의 특성이 과학적 탐구 수준에 영향을 미치는지 분석했다. 그 결과 과학적 탐구의 8가지 특성 중 '탐구 방법은 의문 해결에 적합해야 한다'와 '탐구 결론은 반드시 수집된 자료와 일치해야 한다'는 2가지 특성에서 전문가적 수준 비율이 높게 나타났다. 나머지 관점에서는 대부분의 초등교사가 과도기와 초보자적 수준으로 나타났고 전문가적 수준은 상대적으로 매우 적었다. 이는 현장에서 탐구에 대해 가르치고 있는 초등교사의 과학적 탐구에 관한 이해가 제한적이라는 것을 시사하고 있다. 그리고 연구대상의 경력, 과학관련 연수이수 여부는 과학적 탐구에 관한 이해에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 학생을 지도한 경험과 현재까지 개설된 과학관련 연수들이 과학적 탐구에 관한 이해를 높이는데 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 따라서 과학 탐구 지도를 위해 초등교사의 과학적 탐구에 관한 이해를 증진시킬 필요가 있고 이를 위한 기존의 교사 교육 방식과 다른 형태의 방안이 마련될 필요가 있다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of pre-service elementary teachers' understanding about scientific inquiry in terms of designing exploration and reasoning that is used to formulate explanations based on evidence. The research context was an open inquiry with using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) template in which participant students were not provided with inquiry questions. As data, lab. 39 pre-service elementary teachers participated in this study while taking their science methods course. Analyses of the reports were framed by the cognitive processes of inquiry (Chinn and Malhotra, 2002) and each report was coded and analyzed by the framework of inquiry (Tytler and Peterson, 2004). Results showed that groups' works that utilized the SWH template encouraged the participants to interact each other about scientific inquiry. They came up with more relevant and testable questions for their scientific inquiry. It implicates that children will be able to have chances of testing their own questions more properly by using the SWH template in science classes just as the participants did in this study. The use of the SWH template would help pre-service teachers to teach appropriately how to test inquiry questions to their students in the future. Discussion was made to figure out the characteristics or Korean pre-service elementary teachers' understanding about scientific inquiry.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2006

In this paper, an Online Scientific Inquiry Learning System was developed with the aim of improving student's scientific literacy and scientific inquiry ability. It was determined that there should be 4 distinct principles applicable to the design of the Learning system. First, it should enrich learner's motivation. Second, it should provide students with the chance for reflecting on the inquiry process. Third, it should emphasize multi-dimensional forms of interaction. Fourth, students should be able to create new information through it. The server system including the database, equation editor, reporting tool, search engine were all utilized for developing the learning system. In addition, the authors produced 24 web-based projects which were guided inquiry activities in which various inquiry abilities (reasoning, prediction, experiment design) could be developed. An Online Scientific Inquiry Learning System is not the only program which could be utilized in improving scientific inquiry abilities, but at the very least, such a system can serve as the prototype for developing an online learning system.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.620-636
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze one science teacher's understanding of student argumentation and his explicit teaching strategies for implementing it in the classroom. One middle school science teacher, Mr. Field, and his students of 54 participated in this study. Data were collected through three semi-structured interviews, 60 hours of classroom observations, and two times of students' lab reports for eight weeks. Coding categories were developed describing the teacher's understanding of scientific argumentation and a description of the main teaching strategy, the Claim-Evidence Approach, was introduced. Toulmin's approach was employed to analyze student discourse as responses to see how much of this discourse was argumentative. The results indicated that Mr. Field defined scientific inquiry as the abilities of procedural skills through experimentation and of reasoning skills through argumentation. The Claim-Evidence Approach provided students with opportunities to develop their own claims based on their readings, design the investigation for evidence, and differentiate pieces of evidence from data to support their claims and refute others. During this approach, the teacher's role of scaffolding was critical to shift students' less extensive argumentation to more extensive argumentation through his prompts and questions. The different level of teacher's involvement, his explicit teaching strategy, and the students' scientific knowledge influenced the students' ability to develop and improve argumentation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to critique the links between science and scientific researchers, politics and capital surrounding vaccines and vaccination in a pandemic era. It also introduces standards for adapting ethical guidelines for research under public health emergencies to specific circumstances and contexts. It also introduces ethical standards to be applied to scientific research. that is, scientific relevance, social value, cooperative partnerships, reasonable risk-benefit costs, fair and voluntary participation, independent review, and equal moral respect for participants and affected communities. It also outlines the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic-consent and other research procedure modifications proposed by Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). We are on the lookout for powerful capital and hegemonic groups inseparable from politics and important decision makers in the pandemic era - that is, scientists, supporters, and scientific civic groups. It underscores the need for an independent and formal scientific advisory body with the right balance between science and politics.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.513-531
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• 2012

This study was to analyze the characteristic of scientific argumentation in the classes for the gifted of elementary school. The participants of this study were 5 fifth graders and 9 sixth graders, 14 in total, from the basic unit schools for gifted students of J elementary school in Incheon city. And it constituted small scale groups made up of 2~3 students with similar or identical ability in scientific reasoning. It had set up hypothesis for each group before the experiment, and students had a group discussion as a whole after the experiment. Classes were conducted 4 times, all courses were recorded as a sound/video. The ability in scientific reasoning of the students was inspected, making use of SRT II by means of pre-survey, and their argumentation levels were analyzed, utilizing 'Rubric for scientific argumentation course assessment.' As a result, argumentations did not incurred in every class. Analysis in argumentations of the students resulted in low level argumentation. This means argumentation cannot incur based on that with the limit in understanding the principle of experiments over the threshold of textbook no matter that he is an gifted student or not. The student both in formal operational period and transition period (2B/3A), the ability of scientific thinking in upper level, was improved of his argumentative ability in an overall aspect. However, a student of concrete operational period, the ability of scientific thinking in lower level, had argumentation with still lower level even after the experiment at the moment of discussing with the students on the upper level of scientific thinking ability.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze science fields and content elements of the science reports in a web portal site of Republic of Korea in view of scientific literacy. The main results of the analysis on the 679 reports sampled in a year are as follows. First, 506 reports in 46 fields were identified. Reports about technology and earth science occupies 16% respectively, and life science occupies 13%, medical science 4%, chemistry, company, others 3% and physics 1%. Almost reports show technology as associate field. Second, the frequency rate of reports including scientific literacy content elements is 52%. Reports related to 'physics' and 'chemistry' as dominant fields show relatively high rate in scientific literacy elements. The element, 'social context' is included in about 96% of the reports. Both 'data and statistics' and 'application' show relatively low rate and large gaps according to dominant fields. A few concluding remarks and proposals follow from these results. First, as almost science reports show the nature of integrated science, scientific literacy acquisition through science reports in internet requires the integrated scientific view. Especially most science reports includes the contents related to technology or medical science, so the point of view in the science-technological literacy is required. Second, the scientific literacy content elements in reports show various rates according to dominant fields. Therefore, science reports need to complement the deficient content elements to carry out the role of science reports as scientific literacy sources.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

Understanding the nature of science (NOS) has been a major component of scientific literacy and an important learning goal in science education (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990, 1993; Millar & Osborne, 1998; National Research Council, 1996, 2013). To achieve this goal, it is necessary to include appropriate views of the nature of science in science curriculum such as a textbook. The aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of the elementary science textbooks to examine the presentation of the nature of science (NOS) using the four themes of scientific literacy, which are (1) nature of scientific knowledge, (2) nature of scientific inquiry, (3) nature of scientific thinking, and (4) nature of interactions among science, technology, and society (STS). Findings show while $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ grade levels of science textbooks heavily emphasize on the Theme I, nature of scientific knowledge and the Theme II, the nature of scientific inquiry, the upper grade levels such as $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grades of science textbooks are well balanced with the four themes of the nature of science. In addition, most of elementary science textbooks little focus on the Theme IV, nature of interactions among science, technology, and society (STS) among the four themes of the nature of science. It might be a shortcoming because the understanding the nature of interacions among science, technology and society (STS) is one of the key components in order for students to be a scientific literate person.