• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 건강한 성인을 대상으로 양측상지기능 훈련을 통해서 활성화 되는 대뇌 연결성에서 상상 훈련과 신체적 수행 간에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 연구 대상자는 건강한 성인 1명으로 상상훈련과 신체적 수행 시 EEG 측정이 이루어졌다. 양측상지기능 훈련은 대칭 과제와 비대칭 과제로 구성되었다. 대칭 과제는 양손으로 박스를 잡고 동시에 위의 선반으로 올렸다가 다시 내려놓는 과제이고, 비대칭 과제는 한 손으로 병을 잡고 다른 한 손으로 뚜껑을 여는 과제였다. EEG 전극은 Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, P3 및 P4에 부착되었다. 데이터 분석은 EEG 전극 쌍 간의 상관 분석을 위해 Cross-Line Mapping을 사용하였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 대칭 및 비대칭의 양측 상지 과제에서 대뇌 연결성 패턴은 운동과 감각 영역에서 유사한 패턴을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 양측상지기능 훈련 시 상상훈련보다 신체적 수행에서 대뇌 연결성이 더 높은 상호상관을 갖는다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.981-984
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• 2014

IBASPM(Individual Brain Atlases using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software)를 이용하여 해마의 체적 측정시, Atlas의 종류(Atlas69, Atlas71, Atlas84, Atlas116)에 따른 체적의 변화를 평가하기 위해 20대 정상 성인 10명(남5/여5, $23.3{\pm}2.66$)으로부터 뇌 영상을 획득하였다. 1.5T MRI system(Siemens, Avanto, Erlangen, Germany)의 머리 격자코일(Head matrix coil)을 사용하여 3차원 경사에코 펄스 열(3-D gradient echo pulse sequence)인 MPRAGE(Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo)영상을 획득하였다. Atlas의 종류에 따라 획득된 해마의 체적을 이용하여 대응표본 t 검정(Paired t-test)을 수행한 결과, 좌측 해마옆이랑(parahippocampal gyrus - left) Atlas69-Altas84, Atlas69-Atlas116(p=0.729, 0.729), 우측 해마형성체(hippocampal formation - right) Atlas69-Atlas84, Atlas69-Atlas116(p=0.219, 0.219)는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 이를 제외한 부분에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.000). 그러고 Atlas84와 Atlas116을 이용한 해마의 체적은 모두 동일한 값을 나타내어 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.000). Atlas영상과 원본 영상의 overlay를 이용한 영상분석에서는 Atlas71에서만 해마의 부위가 잘 못 정합되는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구에 사용된 Atlas의 경우에는 서양인을 바탕으로 개발되었기 때문에 동양인의 뇌와는 차이가 있으며, 정확성 높은 체적의 측정을 위해서는 상황에 맞는 Atlas의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2019

There is accumulating evidence that microRNAs are emerging as pivotal regulators in the development and progression of neuropathic pain. MicroRNA-15a/16 (miR-15a/16) have been reported to play an important role in various diseases and inflammation response processes. However, whether miR-15a/16 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain development remains unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of neuropathic pain by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerves. Our results showed that both miR-15a and miR-16 expression was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord of CCI rats. Downregulation of the expression of miR-15a and miR-16 by intrathecal injection of a specific inhibitor significantly attenuated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of CCI rats. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-15a and miR-16 downregulated the expression of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and tumor-necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in the spinal cord of CCI rats. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), an important regulator in neuropathic pain and inflammation, was a potential target gene of miR-15a and miR-16. Inhibition of miR-15a and miR-16 markedly increased the expression of GRK2 while downregulating the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and $NF-{\kappa}B$ in CCI rats. Notably, the silencing of GRK2 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-15a/16 inhibition in neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibition of miR-15a/16 expression alleviates neuropathic pain development by targeting GRK2. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and suggest potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuropathic pain development.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2019

Objectives: The effects of particulate matter and ozone on health are being reported in a number of studies. These effects are likely to be stronger on the elderly population, but studies in this regard are scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of particulate matter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ and ozone on the acute health status of the elderly population. Methods: In order to analyze the health status of the elderly population, the NHIS-Senior Cohort data was used. In this study of people 60 years or older in Seoul, the number of outpatient visits and ER visits between 2002 and 2013 were calculated. Each disorder and the lag effect were analyzed separately. Particulate matter and ozone were analyzed using both the single exposure model and the adjusted multi-exposure model. Results: In the single exposure analysis with PM2.5 as the exposure variable, with each increase of $10{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0081 times, vascular disease 1.0065 times, chronic pulmonary disease 1.0086 times, and diabetes 1.0055 times. In the multi-exposure model adjusting for ozone, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0066 times. There was a one-day lag effect and 1.0066 times increase between PM2.5 and ER visits in the multi-exposure model and 1.0057 times when adjusted for ozone (p value <0.10). There was a one-day lag effect in all multi-exposure models with ozone as the main variable, and when the particulate matter was adjusted, there was a one-day delay and 1.0143 times increase in ER visits. Conclusions: In our study, an increase in the number of outpatient and ER visits in the elderly population in accordance with the increase in PM2.5 and ozone was found. The association found in our study could also produce a socioeconomic burden. Future studies need to be performed in regards to younger populations and other air pollutants.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves irreversible alveolar destruction. Although alveolar epithelial type II cells are key functional participants within the lung parenchyma, how epithelial cells are affected upon bleomycin (BLM) exposure remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether BLM could induce cell cycle arrest via regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family genes, a group of cell cycle regulators known to mediate growth-inhibitory responses and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Methods: Mouse AE II cell line MLE-12 were exposed to $1-10{\mu}g/mL$ BLM and $0.01-100{\mu}M$ baicalein (Bai), a G1/G2 cell cycle inhibitor, for 24 hours. Cell viability and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by MTT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular morphology was determined after DAPI and Hoechst 33258 staining. To verify cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed for MLE-12 after exposure to BLM. Results: BLM decreased the proliferation of MLE-12 cells. However, it significantly increased expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$. Based on Hoechst 33258 staining, BLM induced condensation of nuclear and fragmentation. Based on DAPI and PI staining, BLM significantly increased the size of nuclei and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that BLM increased mRNA levels of BAX but decreased those of Bcl2. In addition, BLM/Bai increased mRNA levels of p53, p21, SLFN1, 2, 4 of Schlafen family. Conclusion: BLM exposure affects pulmonary epithelial type II cells, resulting in decreased proliferation possibly through apoptotic and cell cycle arrest associated signaling.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2021

2019년 12월 말, 전 세계를 혼란에 빠트린 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19)의 팬데믹이 시작되었다. 이러한 위기를 극복하고 피해를 최소화하기 위해 정부와 기관에서는 기존의 정책지원 효과를 극대화하고 변화하는 사회를 반영한 전방위적 대응책 마련이 필요하다. 사회적으로 부각되는 논제와 관심사항의 주제를 파악하기 위해, 본 연구는 소셜미디어의 빅데이터를 통해 코로나19와 관련된 주요 생각, 태도, 감정 등을 파악한다. 특히 정부의 대응에 관한 대중의 견해를 알기 위해 '정부 대응방향'을 기준으로 시기를 나누어 분석을 진행했다. 분석에 활용한 데이터는 네이버를 통해 2019년 12월 31일부터 2020년 12월 12일까지 수집되었다. 또한, 분석을 위해 텍스트마이닝 기법 중 TF-IDF 키워드 추출과 LDA 토픽모델링을 활용하였다. 그 결과, 8개의 코로나19 관련 주요 이슈가 도출되었으며, 이러한 이슈 사항과 주요 키워드를 기반으로 해당 분야에서의 코로나19 및 감염병 대응 정책 전략을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹과 같은 위기상황에 정부와 관련 기관이 국민의 필요와 요구에 따른 정확한 대응책을 마련하는 데 기초자료를 제공했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure of growth and chlorophyl in barley exposed by X-ray. Barley seed was soaked 24h duration in water, then was classified into two group; pre-seed germination group (Pre-G) or post-seed germination group (Post-G). Also, divided as control subgroup and experimental subgroup(10Gy, 20Gy, 30Gy) in each group. Experimental subgroups were exposed by X-ray using linear accelerator (Clinac IS, VERIAN, USA). Expose condition was 6 MV X-ray, SSD 100 cm, 18×10 cm, 600 MU/min. Length was measured every day for 10 days and 10th day for weight. Chlorophyl was analyzed using spectrophotometer(uv-1800, shimadzu, japan) in l0th day. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver 22.0(Chicago, IL, USA), ANOVA test (Dunnett_T3) between control subgroup and experimental subgroup in group and Independent T-test between Pre-G and Post-G in subgroup. In Pre-G, length of barley was significantly difference between control and 30Gy in 4th day (4.3 vs. 1.5, p= 0.011). Length of 30Gy was statistical difference with control(10th day; 14.4 vs. 6.3, p < 0.01), and was not in 10Gy or 20Gy in all day. In experimental subgroup, length was shorter as increasing radiation dose. In Post-G, length of barley was not difference statistically between control and experimental subgroup in first day, but more difference between two subgroup with increasing duration after exposing. Length of experimental subgroup was shorter significantly compared with control in 10th day, and no significant difference between experimental subgroup. Density of chlorophyl was increasing with increasing radiation dose in Pre-G and Post-G. Chlorophyl density of control was lower than 30Gy; 0.26ppm in Pre-G, 0.29ppm in Post-G). Growth and chlorophyl of barley was effected by X-ray. It is expected to be used as basic data for future radiobiological research.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.134-148
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• 2021

Background: Lung cancer has a high incidence worldwide, and most lung cancer-associated deaths are attributable to cancer metastasis. Although several medicinal properties of Panax ginseng Meyer have been reported, the effect of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and self-renewal in A549 cells is relatively unknown. Methods: We treated TGF-β1 or alternatively Rk1 and Rg5 in A549 cells. We used western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), wound healing assay, Matrigel invasion assay, and anoikis assays to determine the effect of Rk1 and Rg5 on TGF-mediated EMT in lung cancer cell. In addition, we performed tumorsphere formation assays and real-time PCR to evaluate the stem-like properties. Results: EMT is induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells causing the development of cancer stem-like features. Expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, decreased and an increase in vimentin expression was noted. Cell mobility, invasiveness, and anoikis resistance were enhanced with TGF-β1 treatment. In addition, the expression of stem cell markers, CD44, and CD133, was also increased. Treatment with Rk1 and Rg5 suppressed EMT by TGF-β1 and the development of stemness in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Rk1 and Rg5 markedly suppressed TGF-β1-induced metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP2/9) activity, and activation of Smad2/3 and nuclear factor kappa B/extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (NF-kB/ERK) pathways in lung cancer cells. Conclusions: Rk1 and Rg5 regulate the EMT inducing TGF-β1 by suppressing the Smad and NF-κB/ERK pathways (non-Smad pathway).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2021

본 연구는 응급구조과 학생들의 119구조대원에 대한 인식유형 연구이며, 소방공무원 중 119구조대원의 인식 유형을 파악하고 유형별 특성을 알아보기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 실시하였다. 27개의 진술문으로 된 Q 표본을 응급구조과 학생 총 54명을 대상으로 Q UANL 프로그램을 실행하여 분석한 결과 분류된 유형은 3개 유형으로, 전체 변량의 45 %로 확인되었다. 각 유형별 설명력을 보면 제I유형은 32 %, 제II유형은 6.7 %, 제III유형은 5.8 % 로 나타났다. 제I유형은 '우리의 슈퍼맨형', 제II유형은 '고통 받은 영웅형', 제III유형은 '구조 전문가형'으로 명명하였다. 전체적으로 119구조대원은 사전적인 구조대원이 있었으며 힘든 상황에서 외상후스트레스장애에 의해 힘들어하고 시민이 감싸주고 보호해 주어야 하는 119구조대원이 있었다. 또한 전문분야로 인정받으며 요구조자를 한 치의 실수 없이 인명 구조를 실시하는 119구조대원의 인식이 있었다. 이에 119구조대원이 구조의 전문분야로 인정받기 위해 다양한 훈련 및 경험을 공유할 수 있는 프로그램이 제공되어야 하고 연구되어져야 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2022

Background: Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the air and exposure to an airborne fungus can be a significant risk factor. The composition of fungi has been potentially important for human health, especially for respiratory diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, we attempted to ascertain what kind of airborne fungi affect human health at a nationwide level. Objectives: This study was carried out to provide information on indoor fungi distribution at multi-use facilities throughout South Korea. Methods: We classified our data by region and public facility after collection, cultivation, and identification via the sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region. We investigated whether or not the proliferation of HaCaT cells was affected by the identified airborne fungi. Results: In our data, the most isolated airborne fungi by region were Penicillium spp (Seoul, Daegu), Periconia sp (Gyeonggi-do), Iprex sp (Gangwon-do), Phanerochaete sp (Busan), Bjerkandera sp (Gwangju), and Aspergillus sp (Jeju-do). In the public facilities, the most detected fungi were Cladosporium sp (public transport), Penicillium sp (apartment house, retail market, financial institution, karaoke room), Bjerokandera sp (underground parking lot, public toilet, medical institution), Periconia sp (retail store), and Fusarium sp (general restaurant). Next, we selected twenty airborne fungi to examine their cytotoxicity and proliferation of human skin cells. In this experiment, the proliferation of the cells was influenced by most of the identified fungi. In case of the cytotoxicity test, most genera except for Rhodotorula sp and Moesziomyces sp showed cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. Conclusions: The distribution of mold in the indoor air in multi-use facilities in South Korea differs from region to region, and this is an indicator that should be considered in future health impact studies. In addition, as a result of culturing about 20 types of bacteria dominant in indoor air, it was found that most (90%) inhibit the growth of skin cells, which can be harmful to health. An in-depth study of the health effects of floating fungi is needed.