• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2013

This study aims to summarize and makes a reference of anti-inflammatory activities of herbal medicines. In this process, this review collated papers of anti-inflammation-focused studies using herbal medicines in Oriental medical journals since 2003. Finally 221 papers were included and the type of materials, the type and effective classification of herbal medicines, the type of cells used in the experiments and the action and mechanisms of herbal medicine were analysed. The herbal medicines having the effects of decreasing fire and tonifying and nourishment were used the most. Most herbal medicines in this study can decrease proinflammatory cytokines, NO and prostaglandin 2 (PGE 2) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by regulating of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) and/or mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.779-788
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• 2009

To establish the fundament for EBM of Traditional Korean Medicine, the papers on Samul-tang which was frequently used in medical institutions of Traditional Korean Medicine were analyzed through researching domestic and international literatures. The papers were classified by the registration of domestic or international journals, by the year of publishment, by experimental methods, by laboratory animals used in biological experiment and by the kinds of studies on biological efficacy. Of total 67 papers on Samul-tang, 58 volumes were registered in domestic journals and 9 volumes were in international journals of which 8 volumes were in SCI journals. Since 1978, publishments of papers have continuously increased. The papers on instrumental analyses were 6, biological studies were 58 volumes, clinical studies were 3. Instrumental analyses were preceeded with standard compounds(gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, 5-HMF). And biological studies showed improvement of cardiovascular function and circulation, antianemia, brain protection, immunoregulation, antistress, radioprotection, antifatigue, antiinflammation and antiallergy, antioxidative effect. Through clinical studies, antifatigue, improvement of insomnia and osteoporosis were reported. Samul-tang could be used to tonify and activate blood. And further study on clinical field need to be conducted in accordance with biological study.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-53
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• 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the herbal prescription and composition of the leading experimental studies of herbal medicine extract in arthritis model and to analyze the way of setting model and the way of validating effect of the leading experimental studies of herbal medicine extract in arthritis model. Methods The Subjects were selected by select criteria and exclusion criteria from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2017. The herbal prescription and composition of the selected subjects were analyzed. The effects and statistical significance of selected studies were verified by comparing the control and treatment groups of frequently used cytokines (tumor necrosis factor $[TNF]-{\alpha}$, interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, IL-6). Results 52 kinds of herbal prescriptions and 118 kinds of individual herbs were used in 64 studies. Among the 52 kinds of herbal prescriptions, Daeganghwal-tang (4 times) was used most frequently. Among the 118 kinds of individual herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix (49 times), Angelicae Giantis Radix (34 times), Osterici Radix (24 times) were used most frequently in order. The prescription that has the highest $TNF-{\alpha}$ decline is Changchooldoin-tang. The prescription that has the highest $IL-1{\beta}$ decline is Banggibokryeong-tang. The prescription that has the highest IL-6 decline is Gwanjeol8ho-bang. Conclusions Daeganghwal-tang (herbal prescription) and Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Giantis Radix, Osterici Radix (individual herbs) were used most frequently. The prescriptions that have the highest cytokines decline were Changchooldoin-tang, Banggibokryeong-tang and Gwanjeol8ho-bang.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2012

Objective : Herb-drug interactions have become an important issue because of the consumption of herbal remedies has increased in the world. Yangguksanhaw-tang (Liang ge san huo-tang) and Taeumjowi-tang (Tai yin tiao wei-tang) are typical herbal formulas on Sasang constitution medicine (four-constitution medicine). This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Yangguksanhaw-tang and Taeumjowi-tang on drug metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes. Methods : Vivid$^{(R)}$ CYP450 Screening Kits were used to measure of CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 activities. This method is based on the use of fluorescent CYP450 substrates that are efficiently metabolized by specific CYP450 isozymes to yield a product with altered fluorescent properties. The percent inhibitions of CYP450s by herbal formulas were calculated. Results : Yangguksanhaw-tang inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 activities higher than that other CYP450 isozymes. The $IC_{50}$ values of CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 were 159.83 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 261.40 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The CYP2E1 activity was inhibited ($IC_{50}=215.17{\mu}g/mL$) higher than that other CYP450 isozymes by Taeumjowi-tang. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yangguksanhaw-tang may inhibit the metabolism of co-administered drugs whose primary route of metabolism is via CYP2C19 or CYP2E1. Taeumjowi-tang could inhibit the metabolism of co-administered drugs, which are substrates for CYP2E1. Therefore, co-administration of the herbal formulas and other conventional drugs should be undertaken with care.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Objectives : Since its enactment in 1987, the 56 standard prescriptions covered by insurance have remained unchanged from its original version. In this study, we tried to discover most frequently used herbal combinations by analyzing prescriptions used in actual clinical settings. Methods : We have built Structured Query Language to analyze herbal combination and progressed this analysis through analyzing the frequencies of medicinal herb combinations in medical prescription slips. Results : We have found out that traditional Korean medical doctors use about 13 herbs in a prescriptions and usually use 253 kinds of herb. And We have found out the most frequently used herbal combination. Conclusions : In this study, We can suggest new method to decide what do we need on insurance prescriptions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.1 s.144
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• pp.48-52
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• 2006

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are largely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. As part of our ongoing project directed toward the discovery of preventive and/or delay agents for diabetic complications from natural sources, 92 Korean traditional herbal medicines have been investigated with an in vitro evaluation system using AGEs inhibitory activity. Of these, 17 herbal medicines exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AGEs formation. Particularly, 9 herbal medicines, i.e., Cinnamomi Cortex, Artemisiae Argyi Herba, Ammoni Tsao-ko Fructus, Menthae Herba, Amomi Semen, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Lycopi Herba, Salviae Radix, and Nelumbinis Semen showed more potent inhibitory activity (2-4 fold) than the positive control aminoguanidine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.46-48
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to report the effects of Korean medicine treatment, especially herbal medicine on vaginitis in menopausal woman. The patient suffered from vaginitis was treated with herbal medicine such as Yongdamsagan-tang and Jibaekjihwang-tang. The effect of treatment was evaluated through questionnaire. After treatment, symptoms of vaginitis were reduced. This case report shows that herbal medicine treatment may be effective for vaginitis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.205-216
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• 2007

South Korea is the representative consumption country of herbal medicines and most of herbal medicines circulating in Korea have been importing from the developing countries of Southeast Asia such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and so forth. Domestic hygiene and safety are continuously proposed because herbal medicines which are circulating have the possibility could remain contaminants or residues. Physicochemical contaminants such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, radionucleosides, microbial toxins, biological contaminants such as microorganisms and animals, agrochemical residues such as pesticides, substances used for fumigation, antiviral agents, and solvent residues are classified as major contaminants and residues in herbal medicines from 2005 September WHO.$^{1)}$ Currently our administration have established a permission standard and the inspection criteria against the heavy metal, the residual pesticides and a residual sulfur dioxide. Furthermore our administration is continuously monitoring and conducting researches for the policies and their scientific ground against herbal medicines. But the appearances or discoveries of the harmful new species due to environmental and industrial developments are becoming social problems. Therefore it may be necessary to continuously consider and investigate regarding hereupon. Recently, the contamination of the mycotoxins against foods such as cereals, nuts and the powdered red pepper have developed and started became problematic issue, and possibility of contamination against the herbal medicine is proposed. And since populations who are using the herbal medicines very limited to several nations, recognition and researches about contamination of mycotoxins in herbal medicines are very insufficient. Therefore it will be need to more focus on the international regulation of quality control and safety for herbal medicines. Now on, we are going to introduce the importance, occurrence, characteristic properties, World-wide research trends and detoxification of aflatoxins, which is known as the most potent mutagen, carcinogen and teratogen mycotoxins.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

Objectives : To provide the information of efficacy for Sagunja-tang (Sijunzi-tang; SG), it was evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect. SG, a widely used herbal formula in tranditional Korean medicine, has been used to treat for the Boki-invigorating. In many studies, plant-derived anti-inflammatory efficacies have been investigated for their potential inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. This study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of SG extract on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : The productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)$E_2$, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ were examined in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, in the presence of the SG extract. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with LPS $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ and SG extract for 18 hours. The anti-inflammatory activity of SG was investigated by carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The paw volume was measured at 0, 2 and 4 hours following carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. Results : SG extract showed inhibitory effect on $PGE_2$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. But SG extract was not inhibitory effect on NO by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. And administration of SG extract (1 g/kg) showed a reduction in carrageenin-induced paw edema on rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that SG extract has anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo models.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

Objective : This study aims to examine the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines in upper respiratory tract infection by conducting systematic review against amoxicillin. Methods : Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published by December 2020 were searched in PubMED database. Study selection was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. The Risk of Bias of the RCTs were evaluated based on the Cochrane criteria. Study selection and bias assessment were conducted independently by two researchers, and the third party was involved if there is a disagreement. Results : Three RCTs were included. Meta-analysis was not performed due to different specific disease and outcome measurements among the included studies. Herbal medicine showed statistically significant improvement in symptoms and endoscopic findings compared to amoxicillin in acute rhinosinusitis. In addition, herbal medicine showed statistically significant improvement in symptoms and a smaller dose of additional antibiotics in acute tonsillitis. However, herbal medicine showed no significant effects compared to amoxicillin in chronic sinusitis patients after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In terms of adverse events, no significant difference was observed between the herbal medicine group and the amoxicillin group in all studies. Conclusion : Herbal medicine might be more effective than amoxicillin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. Nevertheless, it is hard to clear that conclusion due to the fact that the collected studies were conducted on different specific diseases and herbal medicine, and that the included studies had flaws in the research methodology.