• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2004

Pulp canal obliteration(PCO) is seen commonly in dental pulp after traumatic tooth injuries and is recognized clinically as early as 3 monthly after injury. Pulp canal obliteration is characterized by deposition of hard tissue within the root canal space and yellow discoloration of the clinical crown. Opinion differs among practitioners as to whether to treat these cases upon early detection of PCO or to observe them until symptoms or radiographic signs of pulpal necrosis are detected. PCO may make root canal treatment necessary because of the development of apical periodotitis or for cosmetic reasons. If carefully executed, root canal treatment in teeth with an PCO is hightly successful and may act as a basis for internal bleaching. During a game, a 12-year-old girl was hit in the face. At that time, she was diagnosis a subluxation of the maxillary right central incisor. At the 24-month recall examination, a root canal of the tooth had been calcified and discolored gradually. We performed endodontic treatment to prevent perfect pulp canal obliteration and internal bleaching.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.899-905
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• 2016

In this study, beauty food activities were determined for extracts of Saurus chinensis as functional beauty food. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect was increased as more 4 folds by ultra-fine grind technology than normal grind technology in ethanol extracts from Saurus chinensis. A ultra-fine ground technology was used to increase the extraction yield for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which is related to skin-whitening, was confirmed to be 100% for ethanol extracts at 1,000 ppm of phenolics. Anti-wrinkle activity was determined showing 30% of inhibition effect at above 1,000 ppm phenolic concentration. The elastase inhibitory activity of water and ethanol extracts from ultra-fine ground Saurus chinensis showed higher inhibition activity than compared to extracts from normal ground Saurus chinensis. Astringent activity in ethanol extracts was determined showing over 70% at 250 ppm of phenolics. Based on these results, Saurus chinensis extracts can be used as a functional beauty food and cosmetic with whitening, anti-wrinkle and pore contraction effects.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2011

This study was carried out to examine the electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition, ACE inhibition and fibrinolytic activity of culture extracts from Fomitella fraxinea which was grown added rice bran, pine needles and turmeric in brown rice. Electron donating ability was higher in the extract by hot water than ethanol. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest from ethanol extract of culture products added to the pine needles, showed the scavenging activity was approximately 50%. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was highest in the extract by hot water, showed inhibition rate of rice bran was 72.49%, pine needles 87.34% and turmeric powder 82.75%, respectively. ACE inhibition activity were very low effective at all water and ethanol extracts. Fibrinolytic activities were similarly strong in the rice bran, pine needles and turmeric powder. Especially, when the rice bran and turmeric powder were added, showed the activities were increased about 10% than plasmin. Therefore, it may be used for the food and cosmetic industry as natural source of bioactive compound after further investigation such as in vivo experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.717-725
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• 2016

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects of essential oils of Erigeron annuus L. Flower. Erigeron annuus L. essential oils were obtained by solvent extraction. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt) radical scavenging effect and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Erigeron annuus L. essential oil exhibited free radical scavenging activity on ABTS and DPPH 98.6%, 48.3% respectively, at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Erigeron annuus L. were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Propionibacterium acnes (P. acne) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by paper disc method, MIC and MBC. Erigeron annuus L. essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activities against S. aureus with MIC and MBC values of 0.31 mg/mL. The clear zone, indicating antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, was 14 mm, MIC and MBC values 0.31 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the Erigeron annuus L. essential oils inhibited not only NO production but also the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that Erigeron annuus L. essential oils has considerable potential as a cosmetic ingredient with antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidative effect of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts in hairless mouse skin from oxidative stress induced by UV-irradiation. After topical application on hairless mouse back with basic skin lotion group (control), ascorbic acid group (AA-0.5%, AA-1.0%, AA-2.0%, and AA-5.0%), and mugwort extract group (ME-0.5%, ME-1.0%, ME-2.0%, and ME-5.0%), the animals were irradiated to increasing doses of UVB (60 $mJ{\sim}100$ mJ) for 4 weeks. Hydrogen peroxide of hairless mouse skin homogenate significantly decreased in 2% (p<0.05) and 5% (p<0.05) of ME and AA groups. Hydroxyl radicals were decreased significantly in both of 2% and 5% ME groups as compared to AA groups (p<0.05). Oxidative stress levels deduced by oxidized protein contents were greatly decreased ($14.6{\sim}18.5%$) in all ME treatment groups, while only at 2% of AA treatment group. Lipid peroxide contents were greatly inhibited in all ME and AA treatment groups (p<0.01). Application of ME significantly increased catalase activity, over 25% in all mugwort and AA groups. Glutathione peroxidase activities were increased up to $20.5%{\sim}32.8%$ in 2.0% and 5% ME groups, whereas it increased in all AA groups. These results suggested that mugwort extract was more effective than that of ascorbic acid in protecting hairless mouse skin from photo-irradiation, and can be used as an potential anti-aging cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.712-716
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• 2011

We investigated changes in the extraction yield and whitening activity of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll due to gamma irradiation. U. pinnatifida sporophyll was gamma-irradiated at doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 kGy, then extracted with hot water and precipitated with ethanol to extract polysaccharides. Crude polysaccharide yields increased with an increase in irradiation dosage, but tyrosinase inhibition activity did not change. Melanin synthesis did not significantly differ between B16BL6 cells treated with irradiated and non-irradiated samples. In conclusion, gamma irradiation increased the crude polysaccharide extraction yield but did not change the whitening activity of U. pinnatifida sporophyll. This implies that gamma irradiation can be used to increase yields in the cosmetic industry, thus increasing profits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

This study investigated the improvement effects of fermented chicory fiber (FCF) on the intestinal function and constipation. The condition of fermentation was Bifidobacterium thermophilum added into chicory fiber (CF) flour suspension with the range of a 1% before incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. The intestinal improvement effect of FCF was measured by the charcoal meal transit method in Balb/c mice. The intestinal transit with FCF at a dose of 1.62 mg/g was significantly increased to 88% compared with the CF group (P<0.01). Further, the constipation relief effect was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats with loperamide-induced constipation. After oral administration of FCF 2.06 mg/g was remarkably decreased to 75% in fecal output compared with CF group (P<0.01). These findings indicated that FCF was more effective than CF for the intestinal function and constipation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1092-1098
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ${\beta}$-carotene on the antioxidant system of rats with diabetes. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were fed the AIN-76 control diet or the same diet supplemented with ${\beta}$-carotene (7.2 mg/kg diet) for 3 weeks, then diabetes was induced in half the rats by administering streptozotocin (45 mg/kg BW) into the femoral muscle. Diabetic and normal rats were fed the experimental diets for 2 more weeks. To investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-carotene on diabetes, the activities of antioxidative enzymes and glutathione concentration were determined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats were not influenced by the dietary supplementation of ${\beta}$-carotene. Hepatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in diabetic rats were significantly lower than those of control rats but ${\beta}$-carotene tended to induce these activities. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was not significantly different between experimental groups. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was induced in diabetic rats, but dietary supplementation of ${\beta}$-carotene reduced this activity. The hepatic concentration of reduced glutathione in diabetic rats was lower than that of control rats, but dietary supplementation with ${\beta}$-carotene restored the content to some extent. These data suggest that diabetic rats are exposed to increased oxidative stress and that dietary supplementation with ${\beta}$-carotene may reduce its detrimental effects.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.133-152
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• 2002

The objective of this study examines that a country-of-origin and a congruity between country-of-origin of brand and country-of-origin of production effect on consumers' product preference respectively. To test this hypothesis, we used stimulus material including product photos with brand and its production description. Nation selected for study is defined as developed country, Korea, underdeveloped country, and tape record, sports shoes, and cosmetic, tissue is selected, they have characteristics with thinking vs feeling, level of involvement, private vs public. The result of analysis show that the effects of country-of-origin on product preference is different over country. The product of developed country is preferred by subjective, and following Korea, underdeveloped country. This result imply that country-of-origin effect on consumers' product preference and product evaluation positively. And we found that the degree of congruity between country-of-origin of brand and country-of-origin of production has very substantial impact on product quality judgement and product preference above and beyond brand and country-of-origin of production main effects. This study contributes to a understanding of effects of country-of-origin at the perspective of congruity, and extend level of generalization of country-of-origin effect by testing various product characteristic and congruity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2005

Generally we use the preauricular incision to access and remove the parotid gland tumor. But the preauricular approach has some complications such as damage of facial nerve and sensory nerve, Frey's syndrome, and postoperative scar. Especially, the postoperative scar can often cause an unesthetic result and mental stress in young patients. Therefore, if we avoid preauricular incision to be performed outside of tragus, the postoperative scar would be hardly remarkable, and patients would be satisfied cosmetically. We performed surgical excision using a modified endaural and neck approach in a 21-year-old female with a pleomorphic adenoma and 15-year-old male with a neurofibroma occured in the parotid gland. A new, modified endaural and neck approach is a combined method of the modified endaural incision by Starck et al and Gutierrez's neck extension. We obtained an adequate access and the cosmetically acceptable postsurgical scar. The postoperative scars were hidden in the external ear and the hairline. Moreover, except the neck dissection can this approach be applied to the surgery of temporomandibular joint as well as the parotid gland tumor.