• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1070-1078
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• 2016

This study investigated the nutrition education realities and nutrition status of children in community child centers, by analyzing the status of nutrition education, nutrition quotient (NQ), and the level of maintaining dietary guidelines. The subjects were 173 children from grades 1 to 6, enrolled in community child centers, Jinju, Kyungnam. The NQ was examined by a questionnaire, which was a checklist of 19 food behavior items. The distribution of scores (out of 100) in the nutrition quotient were as follows: total score of NQ was 59.4, balance 56.6, diversity 60.6, moderation 65.6, regularity 60.9, and practice 56.7. Nutrition quotient was higher in the higher graders due to significant differences in the area of variety. The level of maintaining dietary guidelines was higher in girls, especially in the area 'eat politely with family', and higher amongst the upper graders in the area 'have safe snack wisely'. To improve the eating habits and nutritional status of the children in community child centers, their nutritional state should be checked with regular and systematic education, and their nutritional management should be pursued continuously. Since the assessment of the eating behaviors and the nutritional state of children is important at home as well as in schools and community child centers, nutritional education should be further extended to the parents and their care givers. This study can be implemented as basic material for the nutritional education of children, to minimize the dangers of malnutrition and to help build up the right eating habits amongst children in community child centers.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

Objectives: We aimed to compare the differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health between different adult attachment styles. Methods: Forty-four parents who completed a parental education program were enrolled in our study. They completed the Korean version of the Experience of Close Relationship Revised, Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: The avoidant attachment score positively correlated with parenting stress. The anxious attachment score showed a positive relationship with parenting stress, hostile parenting attitude, and psychopathology, but a negative association with an affectionate parenting attitude. The secure attachment group exhibited a more autonomous, affectionate parenting style and a less hostile parenting attitude and less parenting stress than the insecure attachment group. Dismissing-avoidant attachment parents reported significantly higher parenting stress scores than secure attachment parents. Preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment parents displayed a more hostile parenting style than secure attachment parents. Dismissing-avoidant and preoccupied parents reported a less affectionate parenting attitude than secure attachment parents. Conclusion: There were differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health depending on the adult attachment style. More specific education and interventions based on parental attachment type are necessary for parents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

이 연구는 주양육자의 불안정형 애착유형이 초등학교 고학년 아동의 행동문제와 정신과 질환의 발병에 기여하는지를 증명하기 위해 실시되었다. 경기도 김포시에 위치한 2개의 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생 504명과 부모를 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 부모의 애착 유형을 평가하기 위해 자기보고형 관계 질문지 (Relationship Questionnaire) , 아동의 우울 증상을 평가를 위해 한국형 소아우울척도, 불안 증상의 평가를 위해 Spielberger의 상태-특성 불안 평가척도, 그리고 부모에 의한 아동의 행동 평가를 위해 한국어판 K-CBCL을 사용되었다. 연구 결과, 몰입형 애착 유형의 부모의 초등학교 자녀들이 안정형 애착 유형 부모의 자녀보다 사회성, 불안, 우울, 주의집중력, 문제 행동, 공격성 등 상당히 다양하고 포괄적인 영역의 정신과적 문제를 더 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 아동의 내재화 증상은 부모가 몰입형일 때 가장 높았고, 회피형, 안정형 순이었다. 또한 부모의 애착 유형이 불안정형일 때, 안정형에 비해 임상적으로 의미 있는 심각한 수준의 문제행동을 보이는 아동이 더 많았다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study aimed to find the general tendencies of parental family-of-origin experiences and conflict and their children's behavioral problems as a function of a child's sex, as well as the causal relationships among these variables. Three hundred and five 4th and 5th graders filled out the Korean Version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist. Parents of these children answered the Family-of-Origin Scale and Marital Conflict Inventory. The results were as follows. 1) Fathers experienced more of emotional cut-off from their family of origin than mothers did. However, mothers had more of triangulation and emotional separation from their family of origin than fathers did. 2) Both fathers and mothers reported that mothers had more of marital conflicts. 3) Daughters showed more physical symptoms than sons while sons showed more delinquent behaviors. 4) While parental experiences from the family-of-origin effected the parents' marital conflicts, they didn't influence the children's behavioral problems through marital conflicts.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1029-1042
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between preschooler's aggression and social skills, maternal management strategies of peer relations and parenting behaviors and preschoolers' internet-game addictive inclination. Participants included seventy-seven (77) 5 to 6-year-old preschoolers (44 boys, 33 girls) and their mothers. The Aggressive Behavior Scale (Lee & Choi, 2001), the Social Skill Rating Scale (Suh, 2004), the Maternal Parenting Behaviors Scale (Rhu & Lee, 2007) and the Parental Involvement Checklist (Park, 2001) were used in this study. The Internet Game Addiction Scale (Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion, 2006) was used to identify higher and lower addictive level of internet-game inclination. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test. Major findings revealed that preschooler's social skills, maternal management strategies of peer relations and parenting behaviors showed a predictable correlation to preschooler's internet-game addictive inclination.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cognitive ability and emotional and behavioural problems in a nonclinical sample of 120 preschool children aged 4-5 years. Cognitive ability scores were derived from the 'McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities', and emotional and behavioural problems were measured using quantitative and dimensional method, 'Child Behavior Checklist'. The results from this study support similar findings among older children and clinical populations that lower McCarthy general, verbal, and perceptual-performance IQ scores are associated with internalizing and externalizing emotional and behavioural problems. On the basis of this study, early identification of intellectual deficits among preschool children may help to prevent later school difficulties and severe psychopathology.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.265-282
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• 1996

This study investigated the relation between parents' verbal control modes and children's maladjustment. The subjects were 445 mothers and their children of sixth grade in elementary schools located in Seoul. To assess the parents' verbal control modes, questionnaire developed by Lee Kyung Hee(1993) was used. The modified version of Achenbach and Edelbrock's CBCL(Child Behavior Checklist) was administered to assess the children's maladjustment. The results were as follows : 1)Significant differences were found in parents' verbal control modes in terms of children's sex difference and social status level. 2) Significant differences were found in children's maladjustment in terms of children's sex difference and social status level. 3) There was a significant correlation between father's verbal control modes and children's maladjustment. Children's maladjustment was related positively to imperative mode and negatively to the person-oriented and position-oriented modes. The best variable explaining girl's maladjustment was father's position-oriented modes. 4) The negative impact of father's imperative mode in combination with the mother's imperative mode on the children's adjustment was greater than other combinations of the father and mother's verbal control modes.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2019

Objectives: We aimed to compare preterm, neurodevelopmentally disordered and healthy full-term children. Methods: We enrolled 47 children who were born preterm, 40 neurodevelopmentally disordered children, and 80 healthy children as control participants, in order to assess the cognitive functioning and the risk of behavioral problems at the age of 5. Children were assessed using the Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-4th edition (K-WPPSI-IV), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: The mean K-WPPSI-IV score of the preterm group was $87.19{\pm}17.36$, which was significantly higher than that of the neurodevelopmental disorder group ($69.98{\pm}28.63$; p<0.001) but lower than that of the control group ($107.74{\pm}14.21$; p<0.001). The cumulative CBCL scores of the preterm children were not significantly different from those of the control group. Additionally, the TCI scores for reward dependence of the preterm children were higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The cognitive performance of preterm infants was lower than that of healthy full-term infants at the age of 5, and there was an association between slower growth and decreased cognitive ability.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological factors influencing depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods: We administered self-reported questionnaires assessing children's depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI) and anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS) to children and adolescents with epilepsy (n=87, age range=6-17 years). We asked their parents to complete questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, parental stress (Questionnaire on Resources and Stress, QRS), parental anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), family functioning (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, FACES), children's attention problems (Abbreviated Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised, CPRS), and children's behavioral problems (Korean Child Behavior Checklist, K-CBCL). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictive variables affecting depressive symptoms. Results: Family adaptability (r=-0.240, p=0.026), family cohesion (r=-0.381, p<0.001), children's attention problems (r=0.290, p=0.006), children's anxiety (r=0.714, p<0.001), children's behavioral problems (r=0.371, p<0.001), parental anxiety (r=0.320, p=0.003), and parental stress (r=0.335, p=0.002) were significantly correlated with children's depressive symptoms. Children's anxiety (β=0.655, p<0.001) and parental stress (β=0.198, p=0.013) were significantly related to their depressive symptoms (adjusted R²=0.539). Conclusion: Clinicians should detect and manage children's anxiety and parental stress, which may affect depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.88-101
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• 2009

Objectives: Since Korean traditional medicine has an integrative perspective by its nature, the patients' psychological and physical problems in a Korean traditional clinic may be resolved through a more integrative approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the latent characteristics of psychological health of child outpatients and their parents visiting Korean traditional clinic with physical complaints and was to propose an alternative curriculum to meet their needs based on their psychological and physical aspects. Methods: Subjects studied consisted of 100 outpatients (59 boys, 41 girls, mean age 55 months, age range 18 to 83 months) and their parents. Behavior characteristics for children were measured by Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL1.5-5) while parenting stress, depression, and anxiety for parent were measured by Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (K-PSI-SF), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. The data of subjects were compared to those of standardized groups and then were compared according to child's gender within sample. Results: Child participants were reported to have significantly higher scores of all CBCL 1.5-5 subscales than the standardized group. When compared, no differences of K-PSI-SF, CES-D, and STAI was found between parents of participants and the standardized groups. However, parents of child participants with at-risk psychological problems showed significantly higher scores of all parenting stress subscales than those of all child participants. In addition, the mothers of boy participants demonstrated significantly higher anxiety, depression and parenting stress than those of girl participants irrespective of psychological severity. Conclusions: We discussed the implication of these results in clinical situation and make recommendations for curriculum of psychiatry and pediatrics with the aim of improving proper diagnosis, consulting and treatment.