• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1180-1193
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• 2023

Most carcass and meat quality traits are moderate to highly heritable, indicating that they can be improved through selection. Genetic evaluation for these types of traits is performed using performance data obtained from commercial and progeny testing evaluation. The performance data from commercial farms are available in large volume, however, some drawbacks have been observed. The drawback of the commercial data is mainly due to sorting of animals based on live weight prior to slaughter, and this could lead to bias in the genetic evaluation of later measured traits such as carcass traits. The current study has two components to address the drawback of the commercial data. The first component of the study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for carcass and meat quality traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle using a large sample size of industry-based carcass performance records (n = 469,002). The second component of the study aimed to describe the impact of sorting animals into different contemporary groups based on an early measured trait and then examine the effect on the genetic evaluation of subsequently measured traits. To demonstrate our objectives, we used real performance data to estimate genetic parameters and simulated data was used to assess the bias in genetic evaluation. The results of our first study showed that commercial data obtained from slaughterhouses is a potential source of carcass performance data and useful for genetic evaluation of carcass traits to improve beef cattle performance. However, we observed some harvesting effect which leads to bias in genetic evaluation of carcass traits. This is mainly due to the selection of animal based on their body weight before arrival to slaughterhouse. Overall, the non-random allocation of animals into a contemporary group leads to a biased estimated breeding value in genetic evaluation, the severity of which increases when the evaluation traits are highly correlated.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2010

This study aimed to define a one portion size of food items frequently consumed for convenient use by Koreans in food selection, diet planning, and nutritional evaluation. We analyzed using the original data on 5,436 persons (60.87%) aged 20~64 years among 8,930 persons to whom NHANES 2005 and selected food items consumed by the intake frequency of 30 or higher among the 500 most frequently consumed food items. A total of 374 varieties of food items of regular use were selected. And the portion size of food items was set on the basis of the median (50th percentile) of the portion size for a single intake by a single person was analyzed. In cereals, the portion size of well polished rice was 80 g. In meats, the portion size of Korean beef cattle was 25 g. Among vegetable items, the portion size of Baechukimchi was 40 g. The portion size of the food items of regular use set in this study will be conveniently and effectively used by general consumers in selecting food items for a nutritionally balanced diet. In addition, these will be used as the basic data in setting the serving size in meal planning.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1993

본 시험은 방목이용 초지에서 액상구비(액비) 시용시 가축기호성과 초지 이용효율을 증진시키고자 액비 시용시기를 방목직후(평균 목초 초장 7.5cm), 방목 후 5일째(13.6cm), 방목 후 10일째(18.5cm), 방목 후 15일째(23.5cm)로 달리하고, 액비무시용구를 대조구로 하여 실시되었다. 연간 액비 시용량은 40㎥/ha로 봄철 2회, 여름철 1회, 가을철 1회로 4회 균등 분시하였으며, 전 시험구에서 연간 시비량은 질소 280, 인산 200, 칼리 240kg/ha으로 동일하였다. 방목은 육우 육성우로 목초 초장 30∼35cm일 때 실시하였으며. 1991년도와 199B년도 2개년간 수행되었다. 목초의 초장과 건물수량, 그리고 조단백질 생산량, 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬유, 가용무질소물 및 조회분 함량 등 사료가치는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 가축기호성(1-9)은 액비무시용구와 방목직후 액비시용구에서는 평균 7.8로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음은 방목 후 5일째(7.3), 방목 후 10일째(6.9) 순이었고, 방목 후 15일째 액비시용구는 5.5로 아주 낮았다. 초지이용률에서도 액비무시용구와 방목직후 액비시용구에서 각각 평균 77%와 76%로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음은 방목 후 5일째(74%), 방목 후 10일째(71%) 순이었고, 방목 후 15일째 액비시용구는 60%로 크게 낮았다. 이상의 결과로서 방목이용 초지에서 가축의 기호성과 초지의 이용효율 증진을 위한 액비시용적기는 방목 후 5일 이내(초장 13.6cm 미만)였으며, 늦어도 방목 후 10일 이내(초장 18.5cm 미만)에는 액비를 주어야 효과적이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2005

본 연구는 냉장우육과 냉동우육의 판별법을 개발하기 위하여, 한우 육을 부위별(사태, 등심, 우둔, 양지 )로 구입하고 냉장(4$\pm$ 1$^{\circ}C$), 냉동(-4, -18, -77$^{\circ}C$)상태로 15일 저장하면서 압착육즙채취기를 이용하여 근육 세포내 mitochondria 막에 존재하는 mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase활성 특성을 비교 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 실험을 위하여 제작된 압착육즙채취기를 이용하여 정량적인 압착 육즙을 얻을 수 있었고, 1.5g의 우육을 이용하였을 때 0.15mL의 압착육즙을 얻었다. 냉장우육과 냉동우육 간의 mite-chondral malate dehyogenase의 각 부위별 활성은 사태의 경우 냉장우육은 23.63 Unit/mL의 활성을 나타내었고,-4$^{\circ}C$는 20.91 Unit/mL, -18$^{\circ}C$는 26.43 Unit/mL 그리고 -77$^{\circ}C$는 25.90 Unit/mL의 활성을 나타내었다. 동일한 부위에서 저장온도에 따른 효소의 활성도는 냉장우육보다 -4$^{\circ}C$를 제외한 법동 저장 온도(-18, -77$^{\circ}C$)에서 모두 유의적으로 높은 효소의 활성을 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 동일한 저장 온도에서 각부위 간에 활성의 차이점은 -77$^{\circ}C$에서 냉동 저장한 우육이 유의적 차이 없이 가장 높은 효소 활성을 나타내었고,-77$^{\circ}C$ 저장온도를 제외하고는 모두 유의성 있는 변화량을 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 실험군의 압착육즙 내 mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase의 활성은 10분간 흡광도 변화량을 조사함으로써 계산되었다. 등심을 제외한 모든 부위에서 호소반응개시 3분 후에 -4$^{\circ}C$에서 동결우육을 제외하고 동결우육의 효소 활성이 떨어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 5분 반응 후에는 그 효소의 활성을 발견할 수 없었다. 냉장우육은 12분까지 활성을 측정할 수 있었다. 15일간 냉장우육 및 냉동우육을 저장 온도에 따라 저장하면서 그 활성을 측정하였는데, 저장 기간이 길어져도 그 효소활성의 차이는 유의적으로 변화하지 않고, 모든 실험군(사태, 등심, 양지, 우둔 부위 )에서 유의적으로 유사한 활성을 유지하였다(p < 0.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과로부터 mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase의 활성을 이용하여 냉장우육과 냉동우육 유무를 판별하는데 유효한 지표로 사용 가능한 것으로 사료되었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the effect of flavonoid treatment on in vitro development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, and their pregnancy and delivery rate after embryo transfer into recipient. In experiment 1, to optimize the flavonoid concentration, parthenogenetic day 2 ($\geq$ 2-cell) embryos were cultured in 0 (control), 1, 10 and $20\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid for 6 days. In the results, in vitro development rate was the highest in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group (57.1%) among treatment groups (control, 49.5%; $1\;{\mu}M$, 54.2%; $20\;{\mu}M$, 37.5%), and numbers of total and ICM cells were significantly (p<0.05) higher in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group than other groups. We found that $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid treatment can significantly (p<0.05) decrease the apoptotic index and derive high expression of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, cell growth and development marker genes such as Mn-SOD, Survivin, Bax inhibitor, Glut-5, In-tau, compared to control group. In experiment 2, to produce the cloned Jeju Black Cattle, beef quality index grade 1 bull somatic cells were transferred into enucleated bovine MII oocytes and reconstructed embryos were cultured in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid added medium. When the in vitro produced day 7 or 8 SCNT blastocysts were transferred into a number of recipients, $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid treatment group presented higher pregnancy rate (10.2%, 6/59) than control group (5.9%, 2/34). Total three cloned Jeju Black calves were born. Also, two cloned calves in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group were born and both were all healthy at present, while the one cloned calf born in control group was dead one month after birth. In addition, when the result of short tandem repeat marker analysis of each cloned calf was investigated, microsatellite loci of 11 numbers matched genotype between donor cell and cloned calf tissue. These results demonstrated that the flavonoid addition in culture medium may have beneficial effects on in vitro and in vivo developmental capacity of SCNT embryos and pregnancy rate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.14.1-14.9
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• 2016

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) are nuclear transcription factors that play important roles in regulation of adipogenesis and fat deposition. The objectives of this study were to characterise the variability of these three candidate genes in a mixed sample panel composed of several cattle breeds with different meat quality, validate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a local crossbred population (Angus - Hereford - Limousin) and evaluate their effects on meat quality traits (backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition), supporting the association tests with bioinformatic predictive studies. Results: Globally, nine SNPs were detected in the PPARG and CEBPA genes within our mixed panel, including a novel SNP in the latter. Three of these nine, along with seven other SNPs selected from the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (SNPdb), including SNPs in the RXRA gene, were validated in the crossbred population (N = 260). After validation, five of these SNPs were evaluated for genotype effects on fatty acid content and composition. Significant effects were observed on backfat thickness and different fatty acid contents (P < 0.05). Some of these SNPs caused slight differences in mRNA structure stability and/or putative binding sites for proteins. Conclusions: PPARG and CEBPA showed low to moderate variability in our sample panel. Variations in these genes, along with RXRA, may explain part of the genetic variation in fat content and composition. Our results may contribute to knowledge about genetic variation in meat quality traits in cattle and should be evaluated in larger independent populations.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) is one of the most common serovars isolated from humans and animals. It has been suggested that ST infections in Koreans are largely due to the consumption of contaminated pork and beef. To investigate the genotypes, phage types, and antimicrobial resistance patterns for ST isolates of different origins, a total of 70 ST strains, including 19 isolates from humans, 44 isolates from pigs, and 6 isolates from cattle, were analyzed using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Forty-three distinct PFGE patterns were generated from 70 ST isolates, which were grouped into 14 PFGE groups (from A to N) at the level of 75% similarity. The most prevalent group was the A (A1-A17 subtypes) group, encompassing 54.5% (38/70) of ST isolates. ST isolates from pigs and cattle mostly belong to groups A and L, whereas ST isolates from humans mostly belong to groups F and C. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests using 11 antimicrobial agents showed that resistance to tetracycline (TE) (81.4%) was highly prevalent, followed by streptomycin (S) (64.3%) and nalidixic acid (NA) (31.4%) resistance. A total of seventeen antimicrobial resistance patterns were observed. Only 8.6% of isolates, including a reference strain, were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. The most prevalent resistance pattern was TE-S (37.1%), which was seen in 66.6% of bovine, 40.8% of swine and 21.1% of human isolates. Three ST isolates from humans (15.9%) showed resistance to 7-8 antimicrobials. The most predominant phage type (PT) was U302 (64.3%), followed by DT170 (10.0%). PFGE types did not coincide with antimicrobial resistance patterns and phage types; therefore, the combination of those types allowed for further differentiation between tested ST isolates.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2003

Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars remain a potential threat to human health and many animals including beef cattle, broiler chickens, and pigs which possible sources of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in human. In this study, the cecal contents of slaughtered pigs were examined for Salmonella serovar prevalence. The characteristics of the isolates, including antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence genes, were studied along with the reference strain S typhimurium ATCC 13311. Out of 640 sample, 137 Salmonella(21.4%) were isolated and their serovar were identified S typhimurium 83 strains(60.6%), S agona 10 strains(7.3%), S schwarzengrund 4 strains(2.9%), S derby 4 strains(2.9%), S ayinde 1 strains(0.7%), and untypable 35 strains(25.5%). All 83 S typhimurium strains(100%) were multi-drug resistance to at least 7 antibiotics, and 20 strains(24.1%) of 83 isolates were R-type ACSSuT. Examination of virulent gene by PCR revealed that 73 S typimurium field isolates(88%) have a invA gene and 24 strains(28.9%) have a spvC gene. Consequently, S typhimurium infection in slaughtered pigs was relatively to appear high prevalence in their herds which suggested that it should be necessary for herd health monitoring and surveillance.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2004

It was carried out to compare the residual materials by EEC 4-plate, Charm II and HPLC method in the muscles of cattle and pigs from slaughter-houses in Seoul from 2000 to 2003. Residual materials were detected from $1.10\%$(73/6,623) samples by EEC 4-plate method, and $10.93\%$(55/503) samples by Charm II method. The highest residual concentration(ppm) of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimethoxine, penicillin and sulfamonomethoxine were 25.5, 3.46, 3.26, 1.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.14, and 0.07, respectively. Eighty nine samples were classified as 58($65.17\%$) only tetracyclines, 20($22.47\%$) only sulfonamides, 3($3.37\%$) only ${\beta}$-lactams, 2($2.25\%$) only chloramphenicol, 4($4.49\%$) tetracyclines and sulfonamides simultaneously, 1($1.12\%$) chloramphenicol and sulfonamides simultaneously, and 1($1.12\%$) chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracyclines simultaneously.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary Kocetin$^{TM}$ on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef. Samples were divided into 3 groups; dietary supplementation of Kocetin$^{TM}$ (KC) at 21 and 42 ppm (n=4), and non-supplemented control (n=3) for 75 days. The KC composed of 10% of quercetin which was a bioactive compound. After slaughtering the Hanwoo, each loin from 10 Hanwoos were obtained and analyzed. Dietary supplementation of KC did not affect the final pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, surface color, total phenolics content, radical scavenging activity, and sensory scores. Dietary quercetin also showed no difference in both TBARS and VBN values. Textural profile analysis results also showed no difference, except for adhesiveness and springness. Springness was significantly higher in loin from Hanwoo treated by dietary KC at 42 ppm when compared to control. Results revealed that the loin from Hanwoo fed dietary KC up to 42 ppm (approximately 4.2 ppm of quercetin) was not sufficient to have clear positive effects on meat quality of loin.