• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

Glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) is a most preferably used baseline of diabetes, implicating average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month period of time. Recently the American Diabetes Association has recommended the $HbA_{1c}$ assay as one of the criteria for diabetes. Although some studies provide data with "estimated average glucose", by converting the $HbA_{1c}$ results from simple linear regression, the results are not applicable to whole diabetes. We compared the relationship between $HbA_{1c}$ and estimated average glucose by anemia degree of diabetic patients in Korea. The data from the 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Analysis was done for 1,257 diabetes subjects with $HbA_{1c}$ results. The distribution of subjects was 34.1% in 60's, 25.9% in 70's, 21,6% in 50's, showing that there was more than 80% in over 50's. To take a close look of the differences depending on the anemic degree, we applied WHO criteria (hemoglobin<13.0 in men and hemoglobin<12.0 in women) and divided anemia degree. The regression equation for A1c and estimated average glucose was $eAG_{mg/dL}=24.3{\times}A1c-32.0$ ($R^2=0.54$, p<0.001) in all subjects, $eAG_{mg/dL}=33.1{\times}A1c-96.1$ ($R^2=0.52$, p<0.001) in slight anemia ($11.0{\leq}$Hb<13.0 in men, $10.0{\leq}$Hb<12.0 in women), and $eAG_{mg/dL}=13.5{\times}A1c+34.9$ ($R^2=0.12$, p =0.075) in moderate anemia (Hb<11.0 in men, Hb<10.0 in women). The regression was not significant in moderate anemia. The relationship between HbA1c and eAG was lower correlation than ADAG study, and eAG showed lower value in all ranges among $HbA_{1c}$ 5~13%. Such as a korea where, there are many diabetic patients among the old aged and higher prevalence rate of anemia, we should be extra careful when we reflect eAG using $HbA_{1c}$ and need to establish criteria which can be applicable to koreans.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2020

본 연구는 폐경 여성의 비만 및 신체활동과 골관절염 유병의 관계를 파악하기 위해 국민건강영양조사 제 7기 2차 년도(2017) 자료를 이차분석한 연구이다. 연구대상은 국민건강영양조사 제 7기 2차 년도(2017)에 참여한 19세 이상의 폐경 여성 1,516명으로, 연구 자료는 국민건강영양조사 홈페이지에서 다운받았으며, 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0 program을 이용하여 복합표본 분석법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 골관절염 유병율은 체질량지수가 저체중이거나 정상이고 복부비만도 없는 여성에 비해 체질량지수가 비만전단계 이상이고 복부비만은 없는 여성은 1.88배, 체질량지수가 비만전단계 이상이고 복부비만도 있는 여성은 1.98배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 폐경 여성의 골관절염 예방을 위해서는 비만의 예방 및 관리가 필요하며, 비만은 체질량지수 뿐 아니라 허리둘레를 기준으로 한 복부비만을 동시에 고려하는 것이 필요하다고 할 것이다.

• 운동과학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of waist to height ratio (WHtR) and resting heart rate (RHR) with cardio-metabolic risk factors among Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis included a total of 1,540 postmenopausal women. RESULTS: Individuals with higher WHtR (>0.56) showed significantly higher glucose, triglyceride, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with ones with lower WHtR (≤0.51). Similar findings were found in those with higher RHR (≥90 bpm) compared with ones with lower RHR (<60 bpm) for glucose and HOMA-IR. When determining the combined effects of WHtR and RHR on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, individual with WHtR above 0.5 and RHR above 80 bpm showed 10.39 times higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those with WHtR below 0.5 and RHR below 70 bpm. We further performed multiple linear regression analysis to understand how WHtR and RHR contribute to fasting glucose, and found that both WHtR and RHR contribute to fasting glucose levels independent of age, education level, marital status and income level. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that the WHtR and RHR are associated with cardio-metabolic risk factor and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8877-8881
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• 2014

Background: Despite social gradients in adult smoking, the effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) on adolescent smoking is not well understood. This study examined effects of subjective SEP as well as the objective SEP on smoking among Korean adolescents. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the 2012 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students (38,221 boys; 35,965 girls). SEP was assessed by the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and the self-rated household economic status. Relationships between SEP and smoking were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The low perceived SEP for either the high or low FAS grade was related to an elevated likelihood of smoking in both genders. A significantly higher risk of smoking was found in boys of low perceived SEP in middle school (odds ratio [OR] 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.77 for high FAS, OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.21-1.98 for low FAS), and of low perceived SEP and high FAS in high school (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02-1.26). Among girls, an elevated risk of smoking was observed in middle school group with low perceived SEP and low FAS (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.44-2.79) and in the high school group of low perceived SEP, regardless of FAS level (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.14-1.57 for high FAS, OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65 for low FAS). Conclusions: The relationship of subjectively perceived SEP with smoking is as important as objective SEP and more significant in Korean high school adolescents.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences on physical status and study achievement by the dietary behavior of the youth in Korea. The survey was carried from June to July, 1995 by way of questionnaire to 397 students. The students' study achievement records and physical status were analyzed by the factor of dietary behavior. The results were as follows: 1 The average physical status of male students was lean, but females were standard. 76ft of mothers of the subjects were working in specialty farming. The monthly income of their family was $1000{\sim}1500$ thousand Won and students' pocket money was $20{\sim}40$ thousand Won per month. 2. The aspects of meal behavior included the general idea that the meal was thought to relieve hunger, and preference of taste was spiciness The most important factor of the meals for the students was taste. Their bad meal habits were quick eating and irregularity of meals. 3. There was a significant difference in the comparison of the study achieving records with the frequency of supper However, there was no one meaningful difference between study achievement records and the attendance rate to school, health status, and living conditions. However, there was a significant difference between their study records and eating with family. The students, who had the breakfast and/or supper with family, remarked better study records than other groups. 4. Also, there was a significant difference of study records with physical status. The overweight or obese students had a lower degree of study score (p<0.1). Adolescence is considered a period of setting up dietary behavior, so it is necessary to educate good nutrition and dietary habits for students to keep in healthy physical condition and with high study achievements.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.911-920
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• 2018

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the Korean elderly and their unmet dental care needs, by using the 2015 data from the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: In total, 1,372 elderly persons aged 65 and over, who responded to the $6^{th}$ NHANES, were included in the final analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify any relationship between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and unmet dental care needs. Results: The rate of unmet dental care needs was shown to be less by 0.799 times in the elderly who reside in dong than those who live in eup and myeon (OR: 0.799, 95% CI: 0.679-0.959). Unmet dental care needs were higher in participants with 'low' and 'below average' than 'above average' income, by 1.645 times (OR: 1.645, 95% CI: 1.087-2.366) and 1.172 times (OR: 1.172, 95% CI: 1.108-1.880), respectively. Elderly individuals living alone had a higher rate of unmet dental care needs than those living with their family by 1.157 times (OR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.084-1.498). Conclusions: Demographic and socioeconomic factors influenced unmet dental care needs, causing inequality. Proper policy support to the vulnerable should be considered in order to enhance the elderly's access to dental care.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this secondary data analysis study were first to identify the number of Korean adults achieving goals set by the American Diabetes Association for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and secondly to identify the characteristics associated with lack of goals attainment. Methods: The sample was 413 Koreans with diagnosed diabetes aged thirty years or older who participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Goals attainment for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C were presented in percentages. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between participants' characteristics and lack of goals attainment. Results: About 48% had HbA1c<7%, 48.2% had BP<130/80mmHg, and 34.1% had LDL-C<100mg/dL. Only 8.7% of the sample achieved all three parameters. In multivariate analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, insulin use, and abdominal obesity were associated with not meeting HbAlC goal. Smoking and use of antihypertensive medication were associated with BP${\geq}$130/80 mmHg. No use of lipid lowering agents was associated with LDL-C${\geq}$100 mg/dL. Conclusion: Many Koreans with diabetes were not at goals for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C. For optimal control, appropriateness of therapy and poor lifestyle habits should be assessed periodically and managed accordingly.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the effect of body mass index (BMI) and stress on high-risk diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 4,271 male and female adults participating in the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 was performed. The participants were evaluated using questionnaires and blood tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, and multiple logistic regression analysis (SPSS 24.0). Results: To identify sexspecific effects, interaction variables were included. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was higher in men than in women, and the risk of DM decreased 0.31 times in women compared to that in men. As age increased, the odds of risk DM increased 1.03. The risk of DM increased 1.99 times in overweight individuals and 2.79 times for obese individuals compared to that in individuals with normal weight. Stress levels were higher in women than in men, but stress is not an influential factor in high-risk DM. In age-sex interaction, the odds of risk DM increased 1.02 in women compared to that in men as age increased. Conclusion: HbA1c level was affected by age-sex interaction, and age and sex should be considered in the application of HbA1c in the diagnosis of DM.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2021

최근 전 세계적으로 인공지능과 머신러닝을 기반으로 임상정보를 활용한 다양한 고혈압 식별 및 예측 모델이 개발되고 있다. 그러나 고혈압 관련 모델에 대한 대부분의 선행연구는 침습적 및 고가의 분석비용을 통한 변수들이 대부분 사용되었고, 인종과 국가의 특징에 대한 고려가 충분히 제시되지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 일반적인 사회인구 통계학적 변수만을 사용하여 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 한국인 성인 고혈압 예측 모델을 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구에서 사용된 데이터는 질병관리청 국민건강영양조사 (2018년)를 이용하였다. 남성에서, wrapper-based feature subset selection 메소드와 naive Bayes를 이용한 모델이 가장 높은 예측 성능 (ROC = 0.790, kappa = 0.396)을 보였다. 여성의 경우, correlation-based feature subset selection 메소드와 naive Bayes를 사용한 모델이 가장 높은 예측 성능(ROC = 0.850, kappa = 0.495)을 나타내었다. 또한 모든 모델들에서 사회인구 통계학적 변수들만을 이용한 고혈압의 예측 성능이 남성보다 여성에게서 더 높게 나타나는 것을 발견하였다. 본 연구의 결과인 machine learning 기반 고혈압 예측 모델은 한국인에 대한 단순한 사회인구학적 특성만을 사용하였기 때문에 향후 공중 보건 및 역학 분야에서 쉽게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2020

본 연구는 중년 여성의 수면시간과 우울 및 자살생각의 관계를 파악하기 위해 실시하였다. 연구대상은 국민건강영양조사 제 7기 2차 년도(2017)에 참여한 40-64세 여성 1,617명으로, 연구 자료는 국민건강영양조사 홈페이지에서 다운받아 사용하였으며, 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0 program을 이용하여 복합표본 분석법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 주말 수면시간이 7시간 이상 9시간 미만인 여성에 비해 5시간 미만인 여성에서 자살생각이 3.65배 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 수면시간과 우울은 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중년 여성의 자살예방을 위한 중재 프로그램에 적절한 수면시간 유지를 위한 중재전략을 포함하는 것이 필요하며, 수면시간이 5시간 미만인 중년 여성은 우선적인 중재 대상으로 고려하는 것이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 또한 중년 여성의 수면시간과 우울의 관계에 대해서는 추후 계속적인 연구를 실시할 필요가 있다고 할 것이다.