• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2012

This study is carried out to survey and analyse the vascular plants distributed around the Jusan Reservoir, Juwangsan national park. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants were 377 taxa; 85 families, 253 genera, 332 species, 3 subspecies, 37 varieties and 5 forma. The endangered plants designated by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa; Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Makino) Koidz. and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 6 taxa; Eranthis stellata Maxim., Aristolochia contorta Bunge, Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Makino) Koidz., Scopolia japonica Maxim. and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee. The endemic plants were 4 taxa; Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region were 38 taxa; Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, Hylomecon vernalis Maxim., Lonicera praeflorens Batalin, Erythronium japonicum (Baker) Decne., Potentilla dickinsii Franch. & Sav., Celtis aurantiaca Nakai, Anemone reflexa Steph. & Willd., Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. and so forth. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Chenopoidum album L., Lepidium apetalum Willd., Veronica persica Poir., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Taraxacum officinale Weber and so forth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.118-120
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.471-501
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• 2022

This study was carried out on 455 forest wetlands of south Korea for which an inventory was established through value evaluation and grade. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between the types and grades of forest wetlands and 23 evaluation factors in four categories: vegetation and landscape, material circulation and hydraulics·hydrology, humanities and social landscape, and disturbance level. Through the improvement of types and grades of forest wetlands, it is possible to secure basic data that can be used in setting up conservation measures by preparing standards necessary for future forest wetland conservation and restoration, and to found a systematic monitoring system. First, between the type of forest wetland and size and accessibility showed a positive correlation, but the remaining items were analyzed to have negative or no correlation. In particular, it was found that there was no negative correlation or no correlation with the grades of forest wetland. Moreover, it was found that there was a very strong negative correlation with the weighted four category items. Thus, it is judged that improvement is necessary because there is an error in the weight or adjust the evaluation criteria of the value evaluation item, add an item that can increase objectivity. Especially, in the case of forest wetlands, the ecosystem service function due to biodiversity is the largest, so evaluation items should be improved in consideration of this. Therefore, it can be divided into five categories: uniqueness and rarity (15%), wildlife habitat (15%), vegetation and landscape (35%), material cycle·hydraulic hydrology (30%), and humanities and social landscape (5%). It will be possible to propose weights that can increase effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

The Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin has traditionally been a pine tree protection area (prohibited forest) for timber production purposes, and is now designated and managed as a protected area for forest genetic resource conservation by the Korea Forest Service. This study, we analyzed topographical characteristics, existing vegetation, tree age, and plant community structure, and proposed a sustainable management method for the Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin for timber havesting purposes. The topographical characteristics of the target area were 36.7% ridges and 38.7% valleys; the ratio of ridges to valleys was similar, and the slopes formed 24.7% of the total area. The types of pine forest communities are divided into six types based on the progress of pine forest renewal, the competition with other species such as deciduous broadleaf trees, and the formation of layered structures. It has been confirmed that the age of the large-diameter pine trees (40~60cm in diameter) is approximately 60~70 years, which is relatively low. As a result of the analysis of the relative importance percentage and layered structure, differences depended on the progress of the pine forest renewal project, and not only the maintenance of the pine forest, but also the creation of a secondary growth forest, the density adjustment of pine trees, and the active management of competitive trees. The average basal area by the community was 12,642.1~25,424.4cm² for the tree layer and 1.8~1,956.5cm² for the low tree layer based on a quadrat of 400m². The difference in the basal area appeared to depend on the size and number of trees forming the tree layer and the degree of pine forest renewal (the degree of time elapsed after thinning pine trees). The average number of species that appeared in each community was 8.7-20.3; there were many species located in valleys, and the type competes with deciduous broadleaf trees due to the lack of management. The diversity of species ranged from 0.6915-1.0942, and was evaluated as low compared to pine communities in central temperate zones. In this paper, we determined the management goals of Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin to produce timber with high economic value, and suggested efficient vegetation management for continuous afforestation, the establishment of a timber production system, and improvement of wood production as a management direction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.380-390
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• 2010

This research was conducted to investigate the consciousness of demander on National Forest Management System and to seek for solution to activate it by measuring the variables such as the extent of goal achievement on the system, the extent of importance on function of national forest, benefit for participation of the system, and the extent of importance on the system as well as the extent of demander recognition and intention of participation on the system like, Cooperative Forest Program and People's Forest Program. The target of this investigation is to categorize consumers of National Forest Management System (NFMS) into four types such as environmental organization that do not participate in the system, environmental organization that participate in the team, company to publish a white paper on environmental and local government. As a result, the intention of participation was showed in C Type (62.7%), among fields that respondents interested in participation were tree planting and forest tending (56.2%). However, the rest of the participants were reluctant participate in the NFMS due to more benefit (72.2%) of corporate social responsibility from other fields than those from the field utilizing forestry. If only, diverse facilities related to national forest and active supporting policy are provided by Korea Forest Service, social participation using forest resources would be considered. Although 61% among A Type recognized NFMS in advance, the prime reason for not utilizing are the problems with reserving place for participates in and the inconvenience to participate in on-site. Type D shows slightly high interest in People's Forest Program (3.69). Also, it shows high interest in Forest Recreation (4.15) and Forest Reports (3.90). Particularly, it indicates that GyeongGi-Do and GangWon-Do local government prefers Forest Experience, and Cheolla, ChungCheong and GyeongSang local government prefer Forest Reports. Based on the above study, we finally suggest that legal alignment of the system, and the provision of incentive for inducement of voluntary participation by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and establishment of new exclusive nongovernmental organization be able to operate the system as the solution to activate NFMS in terms of the consumer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of seed storage method ($-20^{\circ}C$, $2^{\circ}C$ dry, $2^{\circ}C$ wet 30 days, $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days, stratification and room temperature) and shading treatment(control, 50%, 80%) on seed germination, seedling growth of endangered species, Iris dichotoma and Iris setosa. As a result, seed germination rate of I. dichotoma was the highest at 75% when seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days and then sown under non-shading condition. The seed of I. dichotoma belong to intermediate seed. Seed germination rate of I. setosa was the highest at 95% when seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days and then sown under 80% shading condition. The seed of I. setosa belong to recalcitrant seed. Seedlings of I. dichotoma and I. setosa showed not only the best seedling quality but also seedling vigor index in seed stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days under non-shading condition, with the growth characteristics of plant height (6.4, 7.2 cm), number of leaves (3, 4), leaf width (4.6, 3.2 mm), leaf length (5.7, 6.8 cm), fresh weight (aerial/root part; 144/260, 97/153 mg), dry weight (aerial/root; 31/20, 17/17 mg) and seedling vigor index and modified seedling vigor index (13,895/9,479, 13,256/8,668). In this research, I. dichotoma and I. setosa seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days, and then sown in non-shading condition, seed germination rate was more than 75%, 90%, respectively, and production of superior quality seedlings.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to date coffin woods of a grave of husband and wife, using the tree rings, which were excavated from Hoamdong, Chungju city in the central area of South Korea. The species of coffin woods was Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), one of the major conifers growing in Korea. The husband coffin was dated as A.D. 1628. Due to the absence of bark in the wife's coffin, the number of sapwood rings was estimated to obtain the cutting date. The cutting date of wife's one was estimated to be A.D. 1651${\pm}$10. The Jeogori Jacket for women, which was found in the husband coffin, indicates that the husband died earlier than the wife, as the tree-ring dates suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the landscape structures of the National and Provincial Forest Parks in the list of "100 Famous Forests of Korea" designated by Korea Forest Service by comparing them with those of the non-designated forests. Among the designated and the non-designated, 34 mountain forests were chosen respectively over all provinces of Korea. The spatial characteristics of forest landscapes were quantified as the landscape indices independently using FRAGSTATS and the two sets of results of analyses were compared each other. According to the results of the comparative study, the designated forests were found on the higher elevation with the higher average slope and the more complicated relief conditions rather than those of the non-designated. In terms of landscape structure, the designated forests show the larger average patch size, the lower edge density and the higher diversity of landscape components. These results indicate that the more hilly mountain forests with the more complicated spatial distribution patterns of patches are the characteristics of the designated forests. The indices of the forest landscape structure would be useful in understanding the perception of forest landscape.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.318-329
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• 2022

Plant phenology including flowering, leaf unfolding, and leaf coloring in a forest is important to understand the forest ecosystem. Temperature rise due to recent climate change, however, can lead to plant phenology change as well as snowfall in winter season. Therefore, accurate monitoring of forest environment changes such as plant phenology and snow cover is essential to understand the climate change effect on forest management. These changes can monitor using a digital camera system. This paper introduces the detection methods for plant phenology and snow cover at the mountain region using an unmanned camera system that is a way to monitor the change of forest environment. In this study, the Automatic Mountain Meteorology Stations (AMOS) operated by Korea Forest Service (KFS) were selected as the testbed sites in order to systematize the plant phenology and snow cover detection in complex mountain areas. Multi-directional Internet Protocol (IP) camera system that is a kind of unmanned camera was installed at AMOS located in Seoul, Pyeongchang, Geochang, and Uljin. To detect the forest plant phenology and snow cover, the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) analysis based on the IP camera imagery was developed. The results produced by using image analysis captured from IP camera showed good performance in comparison with in-situ data. This result indicates that the utilization technique of IP camera system can capture the forest environment effectively and can be applied to various forest fields such as secure safety, forest ecosystem and disaster management, forestry, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.574-582
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• 2014

In order to prevent occupational injury in forestry operations, several laws and regulations related to forestry have been enacted. Forestry education and training is overseen by the Forest Training Institute under the Korea Forest Service and three training centers under the National Forestry Cooperative Federation. The latter are managing both common and specialized courses, with safety education and training as an important focus. Improvements to reduce the accident rate are as follows: (1) strengthening of qualifications (via aptitude test) and selection standards of forestry workers (such as age limits); (2) raise of the number of training days and the rate of certified essential forces that compose Units of Forest Craft Workers; (3) revision of regulations to select forestry management engineers (second grade certified engineer); (4) introduction of a qualification renewal system; (5) improvement of working conditions at forestry scenes and systemization of safety education; (6) revision of regulations of individual protection equipment; (7) enforcement of wearing individual protection equipment; (8) supplementation of disaster response for increasing safety perception.