Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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A Study on the Management Method in Accordance with the Vegetation Structure of Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin

울진 소광리 금강소나무림 식생구조 특성에 따른 관리방안

  • Kim, Dong-Wook (Urban Forest and Landscape Division, Korea Forest Service) ;
  • Han, Bong-Ho (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Seoul) ;
  • Park, Seok-Cheol (Institute of Urban Science, University of Seoul) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Yup (Environmental Ecology Research Foundation)
  • 김동욱 (산림청 도시숲경관과) ;
  • 한봉호 (서울시립대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 박석철 (서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원) ;
  • 김종엽 ((재)환경생태연구재단)
  • Received : 2021.08.31
  • Accepted : 2021.12.29
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

The Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin has traditionally been a pine tree protection area (prohibited forest) for timber production purposes, and is now designated and managed as a protected area for forest genetic resource conservation by the Korea Forest Service. This study, we analyzed topographical characteristics, existing vegetation, tree age, and plant community structure, and proposed a sustainable management method for the Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin for timber havesting purposes. The topographical characteristics of the target area were 36.7% ridges and 38.7% valleys; the ratio of ridges to valleys was similar, and the slopes formed 24.7% of the total area. The types of pine forest communities are divided into six types based on the progress of pine forest renewal, the competition with other species such as deciduous broadleaf trees, and the formation of layered structures. It has been confirmed that the age of the large-diameter pine trees (40~60cm in diameter) is approximately 60~70 years, which is relatively low. As a result of the analysis of the relative importance percentage and layered structure, differences depended on the progress of the pine forest renewal project, and not only the maintenance of the pine forest, but also the creation of a secondary growth forest, the density adjustment of pine trees, and the active management of competitive trees. The average basal area by the community was 12,642.1~25,424.4cm2 for the tree layer and 1.8~1,956.5cm2 for the low tree layer based on a quadrat of 400m2. The difference in the basal area appeared to depend on the size and number of trees forming the tree layer and the degree of pine forest renewal (the degree of time elapsed after thinning pine trees). The average number of species that appeared in each community was 8.7-20.3; there were many species located in valleys, and the type competes with deciduous broadleaf trees due to the lack of management. The diversity of species ranged from 0.6915-1.0942, and was evaluated as low compared to pine communities in central temperate zones. In this paper, we determined the management goals of Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin to produce timber with high economic value, and suggested efficient vegetation management for continuous afforestation, the establishment of a timber production system, and improvement of wood production as a management direction.

울진 소광리 금강소나무림은 전통적으로 목재생산 목적의 소나무 보호지역(봉산)이었으며, 현재는 산림청 산림유전 자원보호구역으로 지정·관리되고 있다. 본 연구는 지형 특성, 현존식생, 수령, 식물군집구조를 분석하여 임목생산을 목적으로 한 울진 소광리 금강소나무림의 지속가능한 관리방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 대상지 지형 특성은 능선 36.7%, 계곡 38.7%로 능선과 계곡의 비율이 유사하였으며, 사면은 전체 면적의 24.7%로 좁게 형성되어 있었다. 소나무림 군집 유형은 소나무림의 갱신 진행상태, 낙엽활엽수 등 타 수종과의 경쟁상태, 층위구조 형성 여부 등을 기준으로 6개 유형으로 구분되었다. 대경목 소나무(흉고직경 40~60cm)의 수령은 약 60~70년 내외로 비교적 수령이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 상대우점치 및 층위구조를 분석한 결과, 소나무림 갱신 사업의 진행 정도에 따라 차이를 보이고 있었고, 소나무림의 유지뿐만 아니라 소나무 후계림의 조성, 소나무의 밀도 조절, 경쟁수목에 대한 적극적 관리를 실시하고 있었다. 군집별 평균 흉고단면적은 400m2 방형구를 기준으로 교목층은 12,642.1~25,424.4cm2, 아교목층은 1.8~1,956.5cm2이었다. 흉고단 면적의 차이는 교목층을 형성하는 수목의 규격과 개체수, 소나무림의 갱신 정도(소나무 간벌 후 시간경과 정도)에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 군집별 평균 출현 종수는 8.7~20.3종으로 계곡부에 위치하고 있는 유형과 관리가 이루어지지 않아 낙엽활엽수와의 경쟁이 진행 중인 유형에서 출현 종수가 많았다. 종다양도는 0.6915~1.0942로 온대중부지역 소나무군집과 비교하여 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 울진 소광리 금강소나무림의 관리목표는 경제적 가치가 높은 목재생산으로 설정하였으며, 지속적인 조림 및 목재생산 체계 구축, 목재생산량 증진을 위한 효율적 식생관리를 관리방향으로 제시하였다.

Keywords

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