• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.189-211
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• 2005

This paper makes an effort to compare the recently evolved soft classification method based on Linear Spectral Mixture Modeling (LSMM) with the traditional hard classification methods based on Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithms in order to achieve appropriate results for mapping, monitoring and preserving valuable coastal wetland ecosystems of southern India using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) 1C/1D LISS-III and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image data. ISODATA and MLC methods were attempted on these satellite image data to produce maps of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wetland classes for each of three contrast coastal wetland sites, Pitchavaram, Vedaranniyam and Rameswaram. The accuracy of the derived classes was assessed with the simplest descriptive statistic technique called overall accuracy and a discrete multivariate technique called KAPPA accuracy. ISODATA classification resulted in maps with poor accuracy compared to MLC classification that produced maps with improved accuracy. However, there was a systematic decrease in overall accuracy and KAPPA accuracy, when more number of classes was derived from IRS-1C/1D and Landsat-5 TM imagery by ISODATA and MLC. There were two principal factors for the decreased classification accuracy, namely spectral overlapping/confusion and inadequate spatial resolution of the sensors. Compared to the former, the limited instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of these sensors caused occurrence of number of mixture pixels (mixels) in the image and its effect on the classification process was a major problem to deriving accurate wetland cover types, in spite of the increasing spatial resolution of new generation Earth Observation Sensors (EOS). In order to improve the classification accuracy, a soft classification method based on Linear Spectral Mixture Modeling (LSMM) was described to calculate the spectral mixture and classify IRS-1C/1D LISS-III and Landsat-5 TM Imagery. This method considered number of reflectance end-members that form the scene spectra, followed by the determination of their nature and finally the decomposition of the spectra into their endmembers. To evaluate the LSMM areal estimates, resulted fractional end-members were compared with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ground truth data, as well as those estimates derived from the traditional hard classifier (MLC). The findings revealed that NDVI values and vegetation fractions were positively correlated ($r^2$= 0.96, 0.95 and 0.92 for Rameswaram, Vedaranniyam and Pitchavaram respectively) and NDVI and soil fraction values were negatively correlated ($r^2$ =0.53, 0.39 and 0.13), indicating the reliability of the sub-pixel classification. Comparing with ground truth data, the precision of LSMM for deriving moisture fraction was 92% and 96% for soil fraction. The LSMM in general would seem well suited to locating small wetland habitats which occurred as sub-pixel inclusions, and to representing continuous gradations between different habitat types.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1995

INTRODUCTION : Psoralens are planar tricyclic furocoumarins present in numerous plants and fungi found throughout the world.' Naturally occurring and synthesized psoralen derivatives(see Figure 1) are photosensitizers of UVA especially from 320 nm to 400 nm, a range at which cellular nucleic acids and proteins are weakly absorbing if any at all. Because of their skinphotosensitizing properties, these compounds have been used in the photochemotherapy of psoriasis and vitiligo. However, undesirable side effects such as carcinoma development in hairless mice as well as possible liver damage from the use of 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP) have been reported. The other photobiological effects include inactivation of DNA viruses, killing and mutagenesis of bacteria, inhibition of tumor transmitting capacity of various cells, and hyperpigmentation on human and guinea pig skin. PUVA(psoralen+UVA) photochemotherapy is in fact thousands of years old, having been used in Egypt and India since B.C. 1200-2000. Photochemotherapy for a common disfiguring disease, vitiligo, was practiced in the ancient world by physicians and herbalists who used boiled extracts of the fruits of certain umbelliferous plants, e.g. Ammi majus Linnaeus in Egypt or the leguminous plants, Psoralea corylifolia L. in India. It was first described by Kuske in 19388 that photosensitization of skin by plants was related to the presence of psoralen. He identified natural psoralens in plants as photosensitizers and isolated bergapten(5methoxypsoralen) from the oil of bergamot. The scientific interest in photosensitizing psoralens, however, has grown considerably after the introduction into clinics of the psoralen photochemotherapy for the treatment of psoriasis and of other skin (abbreviation)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 1960

Since the peculiar virus disease of chinese date tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. inermis Rehd.) has been noted in South Korea around 1950, 70% to 80% of the economically important trees have been either completely destroyed or infected with the virus, severe damage has been noted, particularly, across the area ranged from middle east to the middle part of Korea, including Seoul area. Yoon-Koock-Byung in 1958 first reported the disease and descirbed it might be caused by a kinds of yellows. But he did not conform in his paper that the disease is pecisely caused by yellows virus. The authors, hereby intend to identify the true cause of the desease of the chinese data tree by studying the external symptoms of the disease and the internal morphological characteristics of the diseaset plant which shows various abnormalities in contrast to the healthy checks. In view of fact that leaves of the infected plants become yellowish in color similar to the peach yellows, aster yellows, it is likely to be identifiable as the common yellows. Furthermore, the abnormal characteristics observed by the authors are as follow: The floral organs such as petals, sepals, stamens, and pistil turn into vegetative leaves, the leaves on heavily infected plant appear as small sized one and also showing as a common witch's broom like symptom. There are also an occuring of numerous advantitious shoots developed from both of stems and roots. The amount of photosynthetic starch grains increases in parenchymatous cells, necrosis takes place in mesophyll, Particularly, Palisade Parenchyma in the leaves of infected plants are distinguished in contrast to the healthy checks. From the symptoms and the present experimetns described above, the authors are believed that the disease of chinese data tree is not caused by the yellows. It appears the disease is rather similar to the symptoms of sandal spike virus which was noted in India early in this centry. But the host plant of standal disease, Santalum albun L. and the insect vector, Jassus indicus Wal., have never been reported in Korean flora and the founa. The termperature and the otehr environmental factors is quite different Korea and India. Thus the authors believe that the peculiar disease must be an endemic new virus origin in Korea and must be called as "shoot cluster disease of chinese date tree."

• Strategy21
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• 통권44호
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• pp.28-53
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• 2018

The U.S. has recently developed Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy and Distributed Lethality strategy based on a common perception that they are responding to China's threats. In the future, it is anticipated the following. Strengthen cooperation of the U.S.-India-Vietnam navy, Maximizing the combined combat power between the U.S. and regional navies, Improving its ability to restore damage control, Economic cooperation between the Pacific and Indian countries. The meanings given to the Korean navy are as follows. First, South Korea should pursue cooperation with the Indian Navy, which will grow into a regional balance on China's growth. The growth of the Indian navy is expected to increase cooperation with other Pacific countries. The government should seek ways to promote cooperation with india navy in various fields. Secondly, it is a joint drill between the U.S. Navy and the Korean Navy. Recently, the Korea-U.S. joint drill has not been conducted and many changes are expected to be made regarding the implementation of the joint drill in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to possible changes in the naval relationship between Korea navy and the U.S. navy Also, due to distributed lethality strategy, preparations for operations and training with U.S.navy will be necessary. Lastly, it should contribute to cooperation among regional countries in preparation for maritime territorial disputes. The growth of the Chinese navy and the territorial disputes in the East and South China sea has raised the possibility of accidental military clashes at sea. Therefore, the government should make efforts to create multilateral security cooperation systems that can continue to promote the prevention of armed conflict.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-101
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• 1984

Oochoristica pauriensis n.sp. has been described and figured from Hemidactylus brooki (Gray) and H. flaviviridis (Ruppell) on size of strobila, scolex, suckers, testes, ovary, eggs and oncosphere, and number of testes. The new specIes has been compared with close species.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.269.3-270
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• 2003

CBNU-1 has been used as a folk medicine in India for general physical strengthening, anti-aging, blood sugar stabilization, urinary tract rejuvenation, enhanced brain functioning potency, kidney rejuvenation, immune system strengthening, arthritis, hypertension and many other application for numerous conditions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of CBNU-1 as fertility agent. (omitted)

• 제품안전
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• 통권214호
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• pp.54-55
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• 2011

지난 2001년 골드만삭스는 선진국 이후 세계 경제를 이끌어갈 새로운 성장동력으로 자리잡을 국가로 BRICs를 제시했다. IBRICs란 Brazil, Russia, India, China와 같은 신흥개발도상국을 뜻한다. 이후, 유망시장을 의미하는 신조어들이 많이 나왔었는데, HSBC은행이 작년에 제시한 CIVETS(시베츠) 국가가 최근에 각광을 받고 있다. CIVETS 국가는 Columbia(콜롬비아), Indonesia(인도네시아), Vietnam(베트남), Ezypt(이집트), Turkey(터키), South africa(남아프리카 공화국) 등 6개국을 뜻한다. 아직은 BRICs 국가들에 비해서 경제규모는 작지만 풍부한 젊은 인구, 빠른 경제성장을 바탕으로 BRICs 이후로 유망 국가로 부상하고 있는 국가들이다. 그럼 각 나라별로 어떤 특징을 갖고 있는지 살펴보기로 하자!

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2007

The primary objective of this work is to develop methodologies for virtual model basin and to demonstrate the capabilities for generic multi-hull ship geometry. A computational fluid dynamics approach is used to simulate various model basin tests for steady resistance, maneuvering and seakeeping. For a catamaran hull configuration, the methodologies are used for solving these problems and the results are discussed. Computational results are compared with the results of a benchmarked potential flow theory method for calm water resistance.

• Plant Resources
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2001

Hibiscus cannabinus, Cassia fistula and Abutilon indicum are medicinally important plants in India. Tissue culture studies have done for efficient propagation and for crop improvement in these three plants. Various explants were tried for callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and organagenesis with manipulation in culture media. Calli and somatic embryos were induced from hypocotyl explants in Hibiscus cannabinus, while in Cassia fistula and Abutilon indicum it could be obtained from leaf explants.

• 좋은식품
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• 통권247호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2015

인도의 정식명칭은 인도공화국(Republic of India)이며, 힌디어(語)로는 바라트(Bharat)라고 한다. 서쪽으로 파키스탄, 북동쪽으로 중국 네팔 부탄, 동쪽으로 방글라데시 미얀마와 국경을 접한다. 파키스탄과는 독립 당시부터 카슈미르 지역을 둘러싼 영토분쟁을 벌여왔다. 아시아 문명의 원천으로 불교가 발상한 곳이다. 국명은 산스크리트어(語)로 된 인더스강(江)의 이름에서 유래했다. 국토면적은 세계 7위이며, 인구는 세계 2위이다. 행정구역은 28개주와 7개 연합주로 되어 있다.