• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.411-414
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• 2002

As high density of cities, construction project is getting to be high rise, large sized and multi purposed, whereas it has some difficulties due to disordering of classification and undeveloped management systems. In this study, it would be suggested that classification method for knowledge and constraint of temporary facility in order to efficient decision making of temporary facility planning with knowledge reorganization and establishment process.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.485-494
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• 1998

This study is on the theory of Piaget's reflective abstraction and the mechanism of the development of knowledge and the history of algebra and its application to understand the difficulties that many students have in learning algebra. Piaget considers the development of knowledge as a linear process. The stages in the construction of different forms of knowledge are sequential and each stage begins with reorganization. The reorganization consists of the projection onto a higher level from the lower level and the reflection which reconstructs and reorganizes within a lager system that is transferred by profection. Piaget shows that the mechanisms mediating transitions from one historical period to the next are analogous to those mediating the transition from one psychogenetic stage to the next and characterizes the mechanism as the intra, inter, trans sequence. The historical development of algebra is characterized by three periods, which are intra inter, transoperational. The analysis of the history of algebra by the mechanism explains why the difficulties that students have in learning algebra occur and shows that the roles of teachers are important to help students to overcome the difficulties.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to dimensionally examine the factors of policy changes by applying the ACMS model to KEPCO's structural reorganization privatization policies and study its implications. As a result of the analysis, among the external variables that affect as a financial source or restriction to advocates, all areas except for the difference in opinion of the people as well as policy decision and effects of other subordinate systems were shown to be in an advantageous condition acting as a financial source to advocates of structural reorganization privatization. On the other hand, advocates affected by the external variables share a certain belief system in which the advocates of privatization share the justification of profitability while the advocates of collectivization share the justification of publicness. In these flows, the announcement of the privatization plan of public enterprises of the committee of planning and budgeting acts as a matter of contact which opens the windows for policy changes, and this window goes through ignition, explosion, and fixation which causes fierce interactions among advocates of both sides. Eventually, in accordance with the contents of excluding electricity(KEPCO) from the list for privatization the window for policy changes has closed and things have changed to a transitional KEPCO privatization policy. Based on this, the first implication is that non-official participants such as the people, social organizations, labor unions, etc. influence policy changes more than they did before. Secondly, in the process of policy changes, there is an order of boundary even in the fierce interactions between each advocate. Thirdly, specific variables can play various roles in complex policy phenomenon. Fourthly, a logical analysis using the ACMS model is possible in Korea as well. Fifthly, as a result of analyzing the change process of the KEPCO structural reorganization privatization policy through the ACMS model, not all matched with the main research results implied by the ACMS model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-66
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• 2000

This study attempts to reorganize the knowledge classification system for the research fields and majors in education by designing a new classification schedule. Content analysis of the majors and curriculums in the universities and major areas of the academic professors in Korea, and the comparison with the various headings in several classification systems for research fields were carried out. Based upon the comparison with library classification systems and reviews and opinions of subject specialists in major disciplines, finally, a knowledge classification system composed of three parts - schedules, tables and a relative index - was presented. The proposed classification scheme was tested for classifying the research projects listed in the 1998 catalog of the academic research funded by Korea Research Foundation. Also, several ways for developing a more useful knowledge classification scheme to organize disciplinary information effectively and to encourage interdisciplinary research were suggested.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2000

During the last 10 year period, OECD member countries were in a trend of 'less government' from 'more government', thus resulted in restructuring and reducing staffs in government agricultural institutions including the Agricultural Knowledge System. In recognizing the crisis of 'less government', member countries were in a trend of paradigm shift to the 'better government;. In producing and transferring agricultural information, member countries are more concerned about consumers as well as producers as the target of good quality services of the 'better government'. The general consensus of member countries identified the importance of food safety and environmental protection as new agendas for the 21st century. Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS) in OECD member countries were in a trend of reorganization in addressing food safety, and agriculture / environmental issues. The approaches, functions and responsibilities were diversified to multi-governmental institutions from the ministry of agriculture. Thus the importance of institutional cooperation and coordination were emphasized more in the newly changed AKS paradigms. The objectives, functions and approaches of AKS in OECD member countries as well as in Korea will be directed to emphasize the importance of environment, sustainable agriculture, food safety, and rural development. They will also focus on establishing mutual cooperative systems among policy makers, consumes, non-governmental organizations, and agri-related organizations as necessary for sustainable development in the future.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.139-158
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• 2013

Karmiloff-Smith was first to propose the 'Representational Redescription model'. It describes a process through which children elaborate their knowledge from the unconscious and implicit levels to the conscious and explicit levels. The model also assumes that children in perfectly explicit levels are able to express their own representation of knowledge verbally. This study was conducted to investigate Karmiloff-Smith's Representational Redescription(RR) model(1990, 1992, 1999) within the drawing domain. Additionally, how verbalization training influences children's development of representational redescription in drawing were also examined. First, 331 children (4- to 6-year-olds and an older comparison group of 7- to 9-year-olds) were asked to create six drawings of both familiar and novel topics. From these drawings, children were measured for procedural rigidity and developmental differences. Thereafter 80 5-year-olds children who were not able to manipulate their drawings with flexibility were selected. They were divided into an experimental group and two control groups. A group of verbalization training was given a session using 5 tasks. Compared to the control groups, children who practiced verbalization in the training group showed more advanced levels of representation than their previous levels in the pretest. The results were interpreted as meaning that verbalization is likely to facilitate children's reorganization of implicit knowledge within the drawing domain and to transfer this toward explicit forms. Further research needs to pay more attention to the educational applications of learning processes based on representational redescription.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.237-252
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• 2013

The philosophy of science of Bachelard is introduced mainly with epistemological obstacles in the discussions within mathematics education. In his philosophy, epistemological obstacles are connected with the dialectical developments of science. Science progresses through generalization of concepts and theories by negating things which were recognized as obvious. These processes start with ruptures against the existing knowledge. Epistemological obstacles are failure in keeping distance with the existing knowledge when reorganization is needed. This concept means that there are the inherent difficulties in the processes of concept formation. Finally I compare the view of Bachelard on the developments of science and the 'interiorization-condensation-objectification' scheme of reflexive abstraction in mathematics education and discuss the inherent difficulties in the learning mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.472-492
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary science teachers' PCK components and subcomponents that are specific to online and offline learning environment. Data collection consisted of survey, class observation, and individual interviews of twelve science teachers. This study used a theoretical framework of PCK for deductive data analysis and articulated codes and themes through the following inductive analysis. Data analysis revealed that each of PCK components showed different specificity to the online and offline learning environment. And subcomponents of each PCK component were different according to the specificity of the online and offline learning environment. Teaching orientation toward science had a specific orientation for the online learning environment, i.e., 'learning science concept' and 'lecture centered instruction.' Knowledge of the science curriculum had online-offline mixed learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'reorganization of curriculum' and online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'development of learning goal' and 'science curricular materials.' Knowledge of science teaching strategies had online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'topic-specific strategy', 'subject-specific strategy', and 'interaction strategy' and COVID-19 offline learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'topic-specific strategy' and 'interaction strategy'. Knowledge of student science understanding had online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'student preconception', 'student learning difficulty', 'student motivation and interest', and 'student diversity' and COVID-19 offline learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., student learning difficulty'. Knowledge of science assessment had online-offline mixed learning environment specific knowledge and online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., assessment contents and assessment methods for each.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

The international government committee is progressing their agreements about intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge(TK), gene resource(GR), folklore(FL) in WIPO. It is in the course of selection with precedence of TK, GR, FL in WIPO, focused on discussions about listing of TK documents, standardization of DB construction, sharing and profit distribution of GR. There are disagreements between developed countries and developing countries about intellectual property protection agreements of TK, GR. The developed countries insist on using the existing intellectual property protection, but the developing countries ask new ones on character of TK, GR. It causes intangible assets to be valuable trade properties in future world trade. This research Groped for a summary program about intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge(TK) etc. debating in WIPO. This program confirms that such as TK, GR etc. not only to be the cultural property accumulated in human history, but also to be the original resource may be using at present. Therefore, we suggest that the focus of discussion should transfer to UNESCO instead of WIPO which only deal with the intellectual property protection. Besides, the main body which protecting and supporting TK should become its holding organization so as to achieve more effective management about it. In order to protect and support TK, the government should have firstly the recognition that TK is the property belongs to the country. By this viewpoint, it needs to setup DB through overall excavation of the unofficial knowledges in order to protect and support these TK, GR. Because the positive dealing with those WIPO's discussion means to support our TK, GR, so there should have some reorganization about existing related ones, and also needs systemic supporting policies & management' system.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to develop formal design principles towards flexible house plan. A flexible house plan accomodates spatial requirements corresponding to change of life style and provides a way of saving architectural materials. Design properties as a basis for manipulation of room includes adjacency, orientation and geometrical information which are suited well to flexible design. This paper has developed a formal grammar of shape which can be utilized to transform house plan. Flexible design presented here is based on the idea of various operations of the shape grammar. The shape grammar, as a set of rules, specifies manipulations of shapes for reorganization of spatial relationships of rooms in a house plan. It lists exemplary rules in control knowledge which guides design processes for modifying a plan. An example taken from house plan design is used to ilustrate important aspects of the flexible design which fundamentally provides the basis for architectural material saving.