• Architectural research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.185-190
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate whether protestant religious facilities are maintained appropriately for people and regular inspections are conducted. As a study method, survey and site investigation were conducted. The survey questionnaire aimed to know the perception of users or responsible persons about safety management and current status of safety management systems while the site investigation aimed to inspect structural conditions by a visual inspection such as proper installation of fire protection equipment and whether regular inspection were conducted. It was found, through the inspection of the current safety management status, that the safety management related persons did not know which parts and how much they manage incorrectly, and did not know the follow-up actions in case of accidents. Therefore, it is essentially required to assign a proper person to the facilities for safety management and to have safety consciousness education. Furthermore, although more than 80% of the surveyed subjects responded that they were familiar with the way to use safety management related facilities and overall instructions, the respondent were concerned about the correspondent training for emergent circumstances.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2015

Objectives: A people-counting system measures real-time occupancy through motion detection. Accurate people-counting can be used to calculate suitable ventilation demands. This study determined the optimum motion threshold for a people-counting system. Methods: In a closed room with two occupants moving constantly, different thresholds were tested for the accuracy of a people-counting system. The experiments were conducted at 150, 300, 450 and 600 lux. These levels of brightness included the illumination levels of most public indoor areas. The experiments were repeated with three types of clothing coloration. Results: Overall, a threshold of 16 provided the lowest mean error percentage for the people-counting system. Brightness and clothing color did not have a significant impact on the results. Conclusion: A people-counting system could be used with threshold of 16 for most indoor environments.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

In this study, we have developed the SMPS(Switched-mode power supply) power module for the medical kit. It is used the medical kit for improved supplying power better than the existing power module in performance, safety and reliability. The developed SMPS(Switched-mode power supply) is composed of the three fundamental electronic circuits, first one is for converting AC power to DC power, second one is for converting to high frequency, and the other is for absorbing noise frequency and preventing malfunction. It is possible for developed SMPS module to enlarge applications for PC, home appliances, switchboard as well as medical instruments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• v.y2005m4
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• pp.329-333
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• 2005

Total temperature distribution in high speed fee & wall jet regions was investigated using the total temperature probe. For the free jet, the distance of probe from the nozzle exit is changed in the range of 1, 2, 4 and 6 times o nozzle exit diameter. Energy separation phenomenon was observed on shear layer between jet and ambient. In wall jet region, impinging plate was fixed at Z/D=2 and total temperature distribution has been measured for various radial distance($R/D=1.25\sim2.0$). Energy separation phenomenon was found at wall jet boundary and near wall, and was compared with measured adiabatic wall temperature value.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.214-217
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• 2015

Surgeons occasionally encounter a patient with a gastric cancer invading an adjacent organ, such as the pancreas, liver, or transverse colon. Although there is no established guideline for treatment of invasive gastric cancer, combined resection with radical gastrectomy is conventionally performed for curative purposes. We recently treated a patient with a large gastric cancer invading the abdominal wall, which was initially diagnosed as a simple abdominal wall abscess. Computed tomography showed that an abscess had formed adjacent to the greater curvature of the stomach. During surgery, we made an incision on the abdominal wall to drain the abscess, and performed curative total gastrectomy with partial excision of the involved abdominal wall. The patient received intensive treatment and wound management postoperatively with no surgery-related adverse events. However, the patient could not receive adjuvant chemotherapy and expired on the 82nd postoperative day.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.405-427
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• 2017

This study aims to describe various teaching cases about 'earth revolution' in terms of PCK; knowledge of curriculum, knowledge of teaching strategies and knowledge of assessment. Based on these various cases we suggested PCK progressions about 'earth revolution'. For these, we recorded 'solar system and star' classes of nine elementary school teachers' in Kangwon, Gyeonggi, Gwangju, and Seoul. We adopted Lee & Lee (2016)'s topic-specific PCK framework to analyze the classes. As results, we suggested topic-specific PCK progression about 'earth revolution'. The results showed the upper anchor of the earth revolution class were exploring the reason of the change of constellation, finding the tendency of constellation change. These teachings were carried by the teachers' adaptive strategies. The upper anchor of the assessment was monitoring students' understanding during the whole class. The PCK progression about 'earth revolution' could help the teachers plan the earth revolution class, and reflect their own teachings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.64-75
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• 2007

Photovoltaic systems utilize the infinite clean energy of the sun, without creating any air pollution or noise and mechanical vibration. A PV system operates without the need of fuel, rotation surfaces, high temperatures or high pressures. It is therefore to do maintain and simple to install as well as having a long life cycle. The global market for PV systems continues to grow rapidly by 30[%] per year. This paper suggests a new design method for the PV system installation that will allow to the improvement of system efficiency. This method is in accordance with the loss parameter compensation method designed for the PV systems and investigated through simulation and practical experimentation. It was applied to an interconnected 10[kW] grid PV system and was demonstrated in the field. Features such as solar array, PCS, system efficiency, performance and stability were considered. Through the proposed optimal parameter design method, the features of the system were studied, and the 10[kW] PV system was demonstrated and analyzed.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2020

In this paper, we deal with the static modeling of a continuum robot that can perform surgical interventions. The proposed continuum robot is made of stainless steel wires and a multi lumen flexible tube using a thermoplastic elastomer. This continuum robot could be most severely deformed in physical contact with narrow external environments, when a lateral external force acts at the distal tip of the continuum robot. In order to predict the shape and displacement under the lateral external force loading, the forward kinematics, the statics modeling, the force-moment equilibrium equation, and the virtual work-energy method of the continuum robot are described. The deflection displacements were calculated using the virtual work-energy method, and the results were compared with the displacement obtained by the conventional cantilever beam theories. In conclusion, the proposed static modeling and the virtual work-energy method can be used in arrhythmia procedure simulations.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.184-193
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• 2017

People spend the majority of their time in indoor environments. Maintaining adequate indoor temperature and humidity is necessary to support health and improve quality of life. However, people with low incomes can be vulnerable because they may not be able to use effective cooling and heating systems in their homes. In this study, the indoor temperature and humidity in low-income residences over a year in Seoul, Korea was characterized. Indoor temperature and humidity were measured in three types of homes (12 rooftop residences, 16 basement residences, and 18 public rental apartments) occupied by low-income residents. Both differed significantly among the three types of residence, particularly during the summer and winter seasons. A regression model between indoor and outdoor temperature detected a heating threshold at $3.9^{\circ}C$ for rooftop residences, $9.9^{\circ}C$ for basement residences, and $17.1^{\circ}C$ for public rental apartments. During tropical nights and cold-wave advisory days, rooftop residences showed the most extreme indoor temperatures. This study demonstrates that people living in rooftop residences could be at risk from extreme hot and cold conditions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2012

Previous investigators have shown that the frequency compression is related to the muscle fatigue and the decreasing conduction velocity of muscle fibers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between endurance times and frequency parameters such as mean power frequency and median frequency in the surface EMG signal during isotonic contractions. Eight healthy subjects performed voluntary isotonic contractions of biceps Brachii muscle until their endurance times which were determined when the subject could no longer follow the contraction cycle. The regressive slopes of mean power frequency and median frequency were used to describe the frequency compression of the surface EMG signal, and to test the predictability of endurance time. As results of experiment, significant correlations were found between endurance time and the regressive slopes of mean power frequency and mean frequency computed over 50%Tend of endurance time.