• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to consider the kinds and features of costume and fabrics of the early Koryo period which are mentioned in the records of costume system, royal presents and diplomatic articles at that time ranging from the reigns of king Gwangjong to king Gyeongjong and to king Seongjong. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows. In the 11th year of king Gwangjong's reign, the official costume system was established, which reflected the royal will to independence as an imperial nation. That system also became the basis of the official wage system in king Gyeongjong's reign. In the reigns of king Gwangjong and king Gyeongjong, the monarch granted official uniforms to persons who passed the state examination, directly connecting with new bureaucrats and strengthening the royal authority. Those uniforms were usually worn at a banquet where the monarch and subjects participate together in the early Koryo period. In the reign of king Seongjong, costume and fabrics were positive means of realizing political Confucianism as they were used for bureaucrats who advanced to official position through the state examination. Records issued at that time explain that the monarch presented costume and fabrics in an effort to getting along with officials and civilians of different classes as the state and the royal authority stabilized. Found in the records released in the reigns of king Gwangjong to king Seongjong, the kinds of costume or fabrics at that time include jikseongeuio, gap, yongeui, seupeui, gyegeum baekcheop, geumeunseon gyegeumpoyok and po. The techniques of manufacturing armors in the early Koryo period were probably advanced since the item was a craftwork presented to the court in the reigns of kings Gwangjong and Gyeongjong. Presumedly, baekcheop was a kind of hemp and po. Koryo's native hemp cloth.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.107-125
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• 2020

Indigo [鴉靑] was used as a symbolic color in 15^th century diplomacy. This study reinforces the historical research for characteristic and shapes of indigo colored royal clothing gift in King Seongjong's reign with a focus on po [袍] and ieom [耳掩]. Clothing made of fur that was combined with satin damask, silk gossamer [綃] were frequent gift, and a sable coat was a symbol of high-ranking clothes. Another clothing's materials were satin damask, sheer fabric gauze [羅], cotton, tabby with silk and ramie [紵絲]. The indigo color of King Seongjong's reign was recommended not for luxury. Historical research factors for indigo clothing gift were extracted from noblemen's relics. Danryeong and jigryeong are shaped of narrow sleeves and trapezoid gusset pleated in and out. Sable coat can consist of satin damask outshell, sable lining, and double oblique collar. Heohyung are presumed types of short sleeved fur vests. Ieom can be reconstructed with an indigo fabric outshell and sufficient fur. Dapho has gusset pleated wide and narrow. As additional gifts, the shapes of yoseon-cheopri and cheopri were analyzed. We selected a commercial fabric similar to relics and an indigo powder dyeing method to remedy a lack of traditional material. The reconstructed data were presented as flat drawings and samples.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2020

This study examines the transitional situation that can be seen from the palace operation in early Joseon Dynasty. The first decades of Joseon after the nation was founded differ from the Joseon Dynasty as a whole, but rather similar with the Goryeo Dynasty. By examining "The History of Goryeo(高麗史)," it showed that palace operation during the Goryeo Dynasy was marked by the fact that a separate palace was built and resided in despite the existence of the Bongweol(本闕, main palace) as the central palace. The separation of the parent's generation and the children's generation was shown through the establishment of one's own palace. Such trait of Goryeo affected palace construction directly after the founding of Joseon. This can be shown from the characteristic of palace operation by generation. The construction of the Changdeokgung Palace(昌德宮) of King Taejong, as his own palace, is an example. Afterwards, the palace system of Joseon was established, and the space of the king and the crown prince was merged through ritual reform during the reign of King Sejong. However, the space for the parents of the king were considered separate, and this influence continued to the reign of King Seongjong. The construction of Changgyeonggung Palace(昌慶宮) during the reign of King Seongjong is an event where the king proclaimed the separation with his mother and grandmother.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze how medical texts in Joseon Dynasty have changed in time and to understand their characteristics. Medical texts that reflect the medical standards of the time were enable us to look into how medical bureaucrats were trained and education policies related to the training. Chinese medicine influenced Joseon Dynasty's medicine in different ways at different times. Before the Imjin War, Joseon dynasty's medicine was largely under the influence of the Song dynasty's medicine. After the war, the four noted physicians of Jin-Yuan era had increasingly more significant influence, along with the introduction of Ming dynasty's medicine. The facts found through this study include : 1) the basic courses were composed of Chandomac (纂圖脈), Dongingyeong (銅人經), and Boncho (本草); 2) Josenization of medical division system was established for the first time during the reign of King Sejo (世祖), and updated throughout the time of the King Seongjong (成宗) and King Sun Jo (宣祖); 3) Hyangyak (鄕藥) education with medical texts was limited to some periods like King Seongjong (成宗) and King Sejo (世祖); 4) the high proportion of Bangseo (方書) in the early era gradually decreased, and more of specialized and comprehensive medical books came to find their way into the standard curriculum.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2014

The "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄)" is the precious historical material which contains royal culture of Joseon dynasty as an official document. It kept a record of the diseases and treatments relating to the 27 Kings for a period of 518 years, who had a variety of different symptoms. Among them the most frequent disease was a skin disorder such as a boil of a painful infected swelling. Dermatosis became the direct cause of death of several Kings. In this article we tried to conduct research using the "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" into the skin diseases of the Kings during the first period of Joseon dynasty from the first King Taejo (太祖) to the 12th King Injong (仁宗). Among the 12 Kings, the 5th King Munjong (文宗), the 7th King Sejo (世祖), the 9th King Seongjong(成宗), the 10th King Yeonsangun (燕山君), and the 11th King Jungjong suffered from dermatosis. The King Munjong died at the age of 38 and suffered from severe boils before his death. The cause of death is thought to be septicaemia. The King Sejo does not have any specific record of skin disease, however, the recently discovered relics showed the indications of serious skin trouble of boils. The King Seongjong suffered from skin diseases at the age of 20, 27, 28 and 38. Nevertheless, the direct cause of death was not dermatosis. The King Yeonsangun had skin trouble of boils on his face when he was 20. He lost the throne and died of an infectious disease at 31. The King Jungjong had a record of suffering from dermatosis at the beginning of twenties, at the middle of forties, and at the age of 57 when he died. The skin trouble affected the whole of the body. He was treated with acupuncture therapy and medication for both internal and external uses among which folk remedies were included.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2016

We analyze the design and specifications of the Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining group of instruments (Ilseong-jeongsi-ui, 日星定時儀) made during the Joseon dynasty. According to the records of the Sejong Sillok (Veritable Records of King Sejong), Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining Instruments measure the solar time of day and the sidereal time of night through three rings and an alidade. One such instrument, the Simplified Time-Determining Instrument (So-jeongsi-ui, 小定時儀), is made without the essential component for alignment with the celestial north pole. Among this group of instruments, only two bronze Hundred-Interval-Ring Sundials (Baekgak-hwan-Ilgu, 百刻環日晷) currently exist. A comparison of the functions of these two relics with two Time-Determining Instruments suggests that the Hundred-Interval-Ring Sundial is a Simplified Sundial (So-ilyeong, 小日影), as recorded in the Sejong Sillok and the Seongjong Sillok (Veritable Records of King Seongjong). Furthermore, the Simplified Sundial is a model derived from the Simplified Time-Determining Instrument. During the King Sejong reign, the Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining Instruments were used in military camps of the kingdom's frontiers, in royal ancestral rituals, and in royal astronomical observatories.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

"조선왕조실록"을 중심으로 분석한 조선시대 제왕들의 위락활동과 변천에 관한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 궁중 안팎 외부공간에서 행해진 왕의 위락활동은 연회형, 강무형, 유희형으로 분류할 수 있는데, 연회형은 회례연, 진연(進宴), 풍정(豊呈), 진찬(進饌), 양로연, 사신연, 수연(壽宴), 곡연(曲宴) 등이었고, 강무형은 활쏘기, 격구, 사냥 등이며, 유희형은 나례(가면놀이), 처용무, 풍두희(?頭戱), 그리고 화산붕(불꽃놀이), 꽃놀이(賞花), 투호, 수박희(手搏戱), 낚시, 뱃놀이, 각투(角鬪), 상희(象戱), 잡희 등이었다. 위락 활동은 고려시대 답습기[1기, 태조~세조(예종)], 확립기[2기, 군사문화가 성리학 문화로 전환되었고 연회의 규례가 제도화, 성종~중종]. 단절기[3기, 임진왜란 등 불안한 정세 속에서 침체, 단절 초래, 성종~현종]. 중흥기[4기, 위락 문화 재정비, 수준 높은 왕실 문화의 자긍심 표출, 숙종~정조]. 그리고 쇠퇴기[5기, 세도정치로 왕권이 추락하면서 위락 활동이 급격히 퇴조, 순조~순종] 등 5단계시기로 구분할 수 있다. 왕들의 사냥 관련 기사는 600건 이상 추적 되는데, 태종, 세종, 세조 등은 각 100여회 이상이었다. 사냥 대상은 호랑이, 곰, 사슴과 노루, 표범, 멧돼지, 매 등 이었고, 한양의 동북쪽 산림지역에서 주로 행해졌는데, 산수풍광이 수려하고 지리에 익숙한 풍양, 철원지역 등 북방의 정세와 안전을 살피기 위한 방안, 그리고 풍양이궁(경기도 남양주시 진접읍 내각리) 장소성 등과 밀접하게 연계된다. 단오절 세시풍속으로 대중에 확산된 격구놀이는 조선 초 왕과 신하들의 최상류층 마상격구로부터, 중기이후 무과시험의 마상격구와 상류층의 보상격구로 전환되는 과정을 거쳐, 조선 후기에는 민간에 확산되어 겨울철 남성들의 집단유락문화로 전승되는 과정이 추적된다. 특히, 강무형 위락문화는 봄(활쏘기), 여름(투호), 가을(활쏘기), 겨울(격구) 등 심신수양을 겸한 4계절 행위요소로 작용되었다. 한편, 조선시대 왕과 왕비들의 연향과 같은 위락 활동은 공식적 의례의 경우 내정(內庭)에서, 비공식적 관유(觀遊)의 경우 궁궐 후원이나 별궁에서, 특수 연회의 경우 모화관과 태평관, 기로소 등 별원(別園)에서, 활쏘기의 경우 성균관 사단에서, 사냥의 경우 금표가 설치된 강무장(금원과 원유)에서, 매사냥의 경우 한강변 광나루에서, 격구의 경우 보격구 중심으로 내정이나 별궁에서 다양하게 행해졌다. 즉, 외조, 치조, 연조, 후원의 범위를 넘어서 별원과 금원, 원유 등 한양에서 최대 100리 범위 까지를 활동영역으로 설정하는 위락문화 확장성(정(庭)${\rightarrow}$원(園)${\rightarrow}$원(苑)${\rightarrow}$원유(苑?))을 추적할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 본 연구를 통해 수준 높은 기록문화의 추적을 통해, 역대 왕들의 위락문화를 연회형, 강무형, 유희형으로 유형화 할 수 있었고, 위락 활동(진찬, 회례연, 양로연, 대사례, 사신연 등은 물론 사냥, 활쏘기, 격구, 투호, 처용무, 낚시, 뱃놀이, 불꽃놀이 등) 전모와 장소성, 그리고 상징적 의미, 역사적인 전승과정과 위락문화 등을 복합적으로 탐색할 수 있었다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Kim Su-On(1409~1481) was a editor in King Sejong's times who worked on the publication of "Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)" and other major publications led by the royal family. This paper will review the works of Kim Su-On based on the medical background of early Joseon Dynasty and the medical book-reading officer system, and also evaluate his contribution to the development of medicine in early Joseon Dynasty, factoring in his life, ideas, and literary talent. By looking at the life of Kim Su-On, we can understand the role of Confucian doctors(儒醫) in the early Joseon Dynasty, how Confucian scholars who were learned in medicine supervised the compilation and correction of "Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)". Especially, from the poetry of "Sikujip(拭疣集)", contents regarding the proofreading of "Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)" between Im Won-jun and Kim Su-On shows the publication process of "Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)" at the reign of King Sungjong. His outstanding achievements are largely due to the medical book-reading officer system implemented around the time "Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚)" was published. The medical book-reading officer system aimed to increase the knowledge of various matters for the civil service bureaucrats, allowing them to become high-ranking officials in the fields of technology. Its another purpose was to compile specialty publications. Many of the civil service bureaucrats who participated in the medical book publications arranged the theoretical basis of medicine and modified experience medicine to a new medical system. The first edition of "Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)" at King Sejong's reign collected vast medical information into 365 books. Then it was corrected during King Sejo's reign then finally completed and published at King Seongjong's reign. During this period, the experience medicine inherited from Goryeo Dynasty was reestablished into a new form of theoretical interpretation.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.315-353
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 15세기 후반부터 17세기 초반까지, 약 200여년 사이에 집권했던 세 왕, 성종과 중종, 인조의 음악정책을 살펴보았다. 이 세 왕은 각각 다른 이유에서 음악사적으로 주목을 요한다. 성종은 조선의 역사에서 중요한 위치를 점하는 예서, 법전, 악서의 전형인 "국조오례의(國朝五禮儀)"(1474), "경국대전(經國大典)"(1476), "악학궤범(樂學軌範)"(1493)을 편찬하여 그가 펼친 음악정책의 방향에 대해 조명할 필요가 있다. 중종은 연산군의 폭정을 못 견디어 신하들이 반란을 일으키고 왕으로 추대된 후 대비의 승인을 얻어 왕위에 오른 경우이며, 인조는 직접 군사를 일으켜 집권하여 반정(反正)에 의해 즉위했다. 반정에 의해 즉위한 왕이 전개한 음악정책의 양상은 그렇지 않은 경우와 어떻게 다른지 궁금하다. 이처럼 세 왕 모두 즉위의 배경이 각 다르고 그 왕대에 펼쳐진 음악정책의 내용 또한 다른 강조점을 두고 전개되므로 각각의 양상에 대해 별도로 고찰하였다. 성종은 악(樂)의 중요성을 강조하여 음률을 깨친 관리 양성의 중요성을 강조하였다. 이를 위해 예조에 특별한 전지(傳旨)를 내렸다. 그 내용을 먼저 밝히고자 하였다. 또 의례에서 사용하는 노랫말의 개정 논의와 관련되어 이루어진 여러 개편 작업들의 과정과 내용, 의미를 살펴보았다. 중종은 음악의 제도적인 면을 많이 보완하였다. 이는 연산군 대에 변칙적이고 방만하게 이루어진 음악관련 정책을 바로잡고자 하는 의지 표명의 결과이다. 또 노랫말이 불도(佛道)에 관계되는 말, 남녀상열지사를 다룬 말이 많아 이를 혁파하고자 하는 정책이 펼쳐졌다. 인조 대는 전란 이후의 상황을 수습하는 과정에서 펼쳐진 음악정책을 살펴보았다. 두 차례의 전란 이후 악공과 악생이 흩어져 국가제사도 제대로 갖추어 올리지 못하던 시기이므로 이 시기의 음악정책은 안정기와는 다른 방식으로 정책이 펼쳐진다. 이와 함께 병자호란 이후 소실된 악기와 흩어진 음악인들의 수습을 위해 어떠한 조치가 취해지는지 논의하였다. 아울러 제사에서 쓰이는 음악이 폐지된 상황에서 그 복구 노력은 어떻게 이루어졌는지 살펴보았다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

This paper presents an investigation into Cheollik based on 288 records about it at the homepage of The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty on the Internet. Cheollik was called in diverse names and worn by various social classes from kings to common people, but it was solidified as clothes for military officers toward the latter half of Joseon. Not only did it serve the purpose of clothes, but it also was used for a royal grant, diplomacy, shrouding a corpse, and royal coffin. It served the diplomatic purposes a lot especially during the reign of King Sejo and King Seongjong. Cheollik was usually made of cotton, hemp, silk, and mixed fabric with silk used most. Its major colors include white, green, red, blue, black, purple, grey, and yellow with white used most. The fabrics and colors of Cheollik became simplified toward the latter half of Joseon. Silk was most used in Cheollik for a royal grant, shrouding a corpse, and royal coffin. White was most used in Cheollik for kings' visit to royal tombs or their participation in ancestral rites. There were limitations with the selection of materials according to the social status and situations. It was stipulated that only Sa and Ju were used to make Cheollik for Dangsangguan and Danghaguan. Cheollik made of silk was banned for country residents and merchants. The color of Cheollik for Danghaguan was changed to blue and then red. Of military officers, only those who had a Gonsu title or higher were allowed to wear Cheollik made of silk in various colors. In the end, Cheollik was abolished for its low convenience and efficiency during the rule of King Gojong.