• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 1989

Calcium promoted ethylene production from mungbean hypocotyl segments incubated in the presence of either auxin or cytokinin (kinetin). Time course studies indicated that the calcium effect on ethylene production had a longer latent period (about 6 h) in combination with kinetin than with auxin. Studies on the effects of agents that are known to interfere with either action or transport (uptake) of calcium on ethylene biosynthesis indicated different patterns between auxin- and kinetin-treated tissues. Auxin-induced ethylene production was inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine (TFP), and this inhibition was overcome by high concentrations of calcium applied, but TFP had no significant effect on kinetin-induced ethylene production regardless of calcium in the medium. The calcium channel blocker, verapamil, inhibited auxin-induced, but had little effect on kinetin-induced, ethylene producton. In vivo activity of "ethylene forming enzyme (EFE)" was found to be substantially promoted by calcium treatment. The enzyme activity was further increased by kinetin when segments were simultaneously treated with calcium, but auxin did not have such an effect.an effect.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 1996

The study was carried out to determine the proper concentration of plant growth regulator, kinetin on alleviating copper toxicity for two rice cultivars of seed germination. The results were as followings : Soaking treatment of kinetin 10$^{-3}$ M increased the germination rate of both cultivars, Ilpumbyeo and Hyangmibyeo 1 by 92% and 88% as compared with copper treatment (60ppm). But the soaking treatment effect of plant growth regulator, kinetin was not recognized at the kinetin 10$^{-4}$ M and 10$^{-5}$ M. Chlorophyll content of both rices was higher than that of Hyangmibyeo 1. Copper content of Ilpumbyeo was higher in leaf than in seed part. At the 3 days after treatment of copper 60ppm, both cultivars of treatment of kinetin 1O-3M showed the somewhat thin bands at the 35 and 40kDa compared with others. A new protein band pattern was only appeared to kinetin 1O-3M at approximately 54.4kDa(M. W) at the 7 days after treatment of copper 60ppm in llpumbyeo cultivar, SOD activity of copper 60ppm treatment increased in 3DAT, but there were no significant differences in 5 and 7DAT of two cultivars. Free proline contents of copper 60ppm treatment in llpumbyeo were remarkably increased about 4.996$\mu$M. In particular, free proline content of kinetin l0$^{-3}$ M in Ilpumbyeo was 5.008$\mu$M in 3DAT. In case of Hwangmibyeo 1, free proline content of copper 60ppm was 5.825$\mu$M compared with an untreated control showing 2.34l$\mu$M. The effects of kinetin treatment were recognized to promote the root growth and germination rate under copper toxicity(60ppm) condition in both cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2001

This study was conducted to stable direct sowing cultivation with seedling growth promotion by plant growth regulator treatment in onion seed(Allium cepa L.) The emergence percentage of soaked seed in BA, GA$_3$, and kinetin solution were higher than control seed, and those were 93.0, 94.3, 93.8%, respectively. The plant height was significant elongation in growth regulators treated seed, and those effects were high GA$_3$, kinetin and BA in the order, and the extend were high as increasing the growth regulator solution concentration in GA$_3$ and BA, and that was reverse in kinetin. The No. of leaf was increased in growth regulators treated seed, and the extend were similar among the growth regulators. The No. of root was increased significantly in growth regulators treated seed, and the extend were high in GA$_3$, BA and kinetin in the order.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the effects of plant growth regulators on organogenesis from Cymbidium kanran and Cymbidium hybrida. Optimal rhizome formation from Cymbidium kanran was obtained on MS medium with 10 ppm kinetin+2 ppm NAA. and optimal protocorm formation from Cymbidium hybrida was obtained on MS medium with 10 ppm kinetin+0.05 ppm NAA. However, in this study the optimal media for the callus induction from both explants was not identified. Optimal shoot induction from rhizome of Cymbidium kanran was obtained on MS medium with 10 ppm BA+2 ppm NAA and 5 ppm BA+2 ppm NAA. Optimal shoot induction from protocorm of Cymbidium hybrida was obtained on MS medium with 10 ppm kinetin+2 ppm NAA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.245-248
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• 1997

The study was carried out to elucidate the changes of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity and free proline content for zinc toxicity in two rice cultivars(Ilpumbyeo and Namchunbyeo) during germination and early growth stages. Plant height in all kinetin treatments was promoted but zinc 120ppm treatment was decreased. Soaking treatment of kinetin $10^{-3}M$ increased germination rate of both cultivars, Ilpumbyeo and Namchunbyeo by 95% and 96% as compared with zinc 120ppm. Chlorophyll content of Ilpumbyeo was higher than that of Namchunbyeo. Activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ in kinetin $10^{-3}M$ of both rice cultivars was most highest in the 3days after treatment of zinc 120ppm. Free proline content in all rice cultivars of zinc 120ppm treatment was sharply increased at the 3days after treatment of zinc 120ppm. As a result, the effects of kinetin treatment were recognized to promote the plant height and germination rate under zinc toxicity(120ppm) during rice seed germination and early growth stages.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.330-334
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• 2017

To investigate optimal conditions for plant regeneration in Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq. A. DC.).Both leaf and hypocotyl explants were cultured on Murashige& Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with combinations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/L cytokinins (BA and kinetin) and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D for 6 weeks, respectively. According to the type of explant, the total shoot organogenesis (56.38%) in leaf explants was higher than in hypocotyls (28.20%). In comparison with kinetin and BA for the plant regeneration, the frequency (70.38%) of leaf explants was higher in combination with kinetin and 2,4-D than of BA with 2,4-D (42.38%), whereas the frequency (35.56%) of hypocotyls explants was higher in BA combination than kinetin combination (20.83%). Thehighest frequency (94.20%) was observed from the cultures of leaf explants on the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Upon transfer onto 1/2 MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, shoots developed into plantlets with roots, and were well grown in soil in the greenhouse. These results lead us to speculate that the optimization of culture conditions was responsible for the mass propagation from in vitro cultures of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq. A. DC.).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.23 no.3_4
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• pp.91-98
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• 1980

In the present study effects of 2,4-D and kinetin on the callus tissue growth of Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), in relation to the synthesis of saponin were investigated. The saponin synthesis in the callus culture of ginseng root was enhanced by 2,4-D and kinetin. The total saponin content of callus grown on the optima growth conditions, that is, 5mg/l of 2,4-D and 2mg/l of kinetin, was about three times as high as that of the 6 year-old ginseng roots commercially used as herbs. The kinetin specifically increased the synthesis of protopanaxadiol group ginsenoside and decreased the syntehsis of protopanaxatriol gropu in callus cultures, while 2,4-D caused to an increase in the synthesis of protopanaxatriol group ginsenoside and decrease the synthesis of protopanaxadiol group.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1978

The effects of foliar spray of Kinetin (6-Furfurylaminopurine) on the growth of mulberry tree and the metabolic activities in the leaves were measured. The results of this experimented are summarized as follows: 1. Foliar application of Kinetin was effective in increasing of leaf area, the fresh and dry weight of the leaves, the length and diameter of shoots. 2. Chlorophyll content was generally increased in all treated leaves. 3. All the treated leaves were higher in GOT activity than the control leaves but were lower in GPT activities. 4. The activities of the carbohydrate metabolism in the mulberry leaves were higher than that of the control in all treated leaves.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 1994

When effects of exogenous hormone on hairy root cultures of Raphanus sativs cv. Chungpihongsim examined, the highest anthocyanin synthesis and disorganization were observed when 2, 4-D was supplemented to the culture medium Cytokinins showed early weak induction after transfer and ABA showed inhibitory effect and GA3 showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. Hormones except for 2, 4-D in 1 mg/$\ell$ concentration did not induce disorganization of hairy root and retarded growth of hairy root. Time-course changes in anthocyanin synthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and chalcone synthase activity were examined in culture condition contalning 2, 4-D and kinetin. In a medium containing 2, 4-D, anthocyanin synthesis began to increase on the 9th day and reaching maxima on the 18th day after transfer. Maximum peak of PAL activity appeared on the 3-9th day and another minor peak appeared on the 18th day. CHS activity increased from 9th day, reaching maximum on the 18th day and remained at a relatively high level for culture period. In a medium containing kinetin, anthocyanin synthesis increased temporarily on the 6-9th days, early days after transfer and maintained at a low level for remaining culture period. Peak of PAL activity appeared on the 6th day and CHS activity increased from the 6th days, reaching maxima about 18th day and remained at a relatively high level. In particular, addition of kinetin after preculture in hormone free medium for 2 weeks which was thought of wound healing period showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. This results showed that stimulation of anthocyanin synthesis by 2, 4-D and kinetin was meaningfully connected with changes of PAL, CHS activity, and then suggested rate-limiting role of CHS on anthocyanin synthesis in that there is close correlation between anthocyanin synthesis and changes of CHS activity in time-course. Besides, it is considered that cytoklnins involving kinetin stimulated anthocyanin synthesis be due to "wound response" by cutting of young roots, and that difference in time-course peak and PAL, CHS activities expressed by 2, 4-D and kinetin result from occurrence of isozyme which have different regulatory mechanism.mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators on the germination and seedling growth of Wasabia japonica Matsum seeds. The seeds were soaked in different concentration of indolacetic acid(LAA), indolbutyric acid(IBA), $GA_3\;GA_4$, Benzyladenine(BA) and kinetin, and the germination percent, the average germination day and the growth of seedlings were measured. The seeds were released from dormancy and the germination percent was considerably increased when the seedcoat was removed. $GA_3,\;GA_4,$ BA and kinetin were effective in breaking the dormancy, but LAA and IBA were not effective. $GA_4$, BA and kinetin were more effective in accelerating germination of dormancy seed than $GA_3$. The applications of BA combined with $GA_3$ l00ppm showed higher germination percent than that of BA alone within the range 50ppm and 100ppm. Root, hypocotyl and petiol of seedling overgrew by the application of $GA_3\;and\;GA_4$. But effects of BA and kinetin were good on seedling growth compared with those of $GA_3\;and\;GA_4$. Therefore, BA and kinetin could be use for dormancy breaking of seed instead of $GA_3$.