• Carbon letters
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2011

Bagasse fly ash (BFA) is one of the important wastes generated in the sugar industry; it has been studied as a prospective low-cost adsorbent in the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. Chemical treatment with $H_2O_2$ was applied in order to modify the adsorbability of the raw BFA. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influence of various experimental parameters such as dye solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature. Both the adsorbents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of CR were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models using non-linear regression technique. Intraparticle diffusion seems to control the CR removal process. The obtained experimental data can be well described by Langmuir and also followed second order kinetic models. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicate the feasibility of the adsorption process for the studied adsorbents. The results indicate that BFA can be efficiently used for the treatment of waste water containing dyes.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

본 연구는 hydroxyapatite(HAP) 첨가 활성탄(HAP sorbent)의 카드뮴에 대한 흡착특성을 조사하였다. HAP 첨가량의 변화에 따른 카드뮴의 제거특성은 HAP 첨가량이 증가 할수록 카드뮴의 제거량은 흡착에 의한 영향으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 HAP에 의한 이온교환능력의 증가에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 동역학적 흡착과 흡착평형에 관한 연구는 연속적인 회분식 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 조사된 흡착평형 데이터는 Langmuir와 Freundlich isotherm mode을 사용하여 살펴보았으며, 초기 흡착질의 농도 변화에 따른 HAP 첨가 활성탄의 카드뮴의 흡착은 Freundlich isotherm model에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. Cd의 흡착반응의 동역학적 연구를 위하여 유사 1차 반응속도와 유사 2차 반응속도 모델을 사용하 Cd 흡착반응의 흡착 메커니즘을 조사하였다. 유사 2차 반응속도를 따르며, 유사 2차 반응속도 상수는 활성탄에 HAP의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, intraparticle diffusion model을 사용하여 수용액상의 흡착질과 흡착매질과의 흡착 메커니즘을 조사하였다. 수용액상 카드뮴의 흡착 메커니즘은 흡착질과 흡착매질에서 표면흡착반응과 입자내 확산이 동시에 일어나는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

Adsorption of heavy metals by sawdust was investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of using sawdust to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out by considering the effects of initial concentration and pH. The adsorption isotherms of heavy metals fitted the Langmuir or Freundlich model reasonably well. The adsorption capacity of metal was in the order $Pb^{2+}$ > $Cu^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$. A high concentration of co-existing ions such as $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ depressed the adsorption of heavy metal. Adsorption data showed that metal adsorption on sawdust follows a pseudo-second-order reaction. Kinetic studies also indicated that both surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion were involved in metal adsorption on sawdust. Column studies prove that sawdust could be effective biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous phase.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2471-2476
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• 2014

The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of utilizing loess for the adsorption of total phosphorous (T-P) and total nitrogen (T-N) in water. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various factors like initial concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of T-P and T-N. The adsorption data showed that loess is not effective for the adsorption of T-N. However, loess exhibited much higher adsorption capacity for T-P. At concentration of $1.0mgL^{-1}$, approximately 97% of T-P adsorption was achieved by loess. The equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model appeared to be the better-fitting model because it has higher $R^2$ compared with the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle kinetic model. The theoretical adsorption equilibrium $q_{e,cal}$ from pseudo-second-order kinetic model was relatively similar to the experimental adsorption equilibrium $q_{e,exp}$. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy ${\Delta}G$, the enthalpy ${\Delta}H$ and the entropy ${\Delta}S$ were also calculated.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Biocarrier beads with dead biomass, Bacillus drentensis, immobilized in polymer polysulfone were synthesized to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To identify the sorption mechanisms and theoretical nature of underlying processes, a series of batch experiments were carried out to quantify the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by the biocarrier beads. The parameters obtained from the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by biomass immobilized in biocarrier beads was a spontaneous, irreversible, and physically-occurring adsorption phenomenon. Comparing batch experimental data to various adsorption isotherms confirmed that Koble-Corrigan and Langmuir isotherms well represented the biosorption equilibrium and the system likely occurred through monolayer sorption onto a homogeneous surface. The maximum adsorption capacities of the biocarrier beads for Pb(II) and Cu(II) were calculated as 0.3332 and 0.5598 mg/g, respectively. For the entire biosorption process, pseudo-second-order and Ritchie second-order kinetic models were observed to provide better descriptions for the biosorption kinetic data. Application of the intra-particle diffusion model showed that the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step for the biosorption phenomena. Overall, the dead biomass immobilized in polysulfone biocarrier beads effectively removed metal ions and could be applied as a biosorbent in wastewater treatment.

• Carbon letters
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• 제28권
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• pp.87-95
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• 2018

This study examined the influence of operating parameters on the electrosorptive recovery system of lithium ions from aqueous solutions using a spinel-type lithium manganese oxide adsorbent electrode and investigated the electrosorption kinetics and isotherms. The results revealed that the electrosorption data of lithium ions from the lithium containing aqueous solution were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm at electrical potentials lower than -0.4 V and to the Freundlich isotherm at electrical potentials higher than -0.4 V. This result may due to the formation of a thicker electrical double layer on the surface of the electrode at higher electrical potentials. The results showed that the electrosorption reached equilibrium within 200 min under an electrical potential of -1.0 V, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was correlated with the experimental data. Moreover, the adsorption of lithium ions was dependent on pH and temperature, and the results indicate that higher pH values and lower temperatures are more suitable for the electrosorptive adsorption of lithium ions from aqueous solutions. Thermodynamic results showed that the calculated activation energy of $22.61kJ\;mol^{-1}$ during the electrosorption of lithium ions onto the adsorbent electrode was primarily controlled by a physical adsorption process. The recovery of adsorbed lithium ions from the adsorbent electrode reached the desorption equilibrium within 200 min under reverse electrical potential of 3.5 V.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 활성탄을 사용하여 coomassi brilliant blue G (CBBG)염료를 흡착하는데 필요한 흡착평형과 흡착동역학 및 열역학 파라미터들에 대하여 조사하였다. 등온흡착평형관계로 부터 Langmuir 식과 Freundlich 식의 분리계수를 평가하여 활성탄에 의한 CBBG의 흡착조작이 유효한 처리방법이 될 수 있음을 알았고, Dubinin-Radushkevich 식으로부터 흡착공정이 물리흡착공정임을 알았다. 흡착공정에 대한 동력학적 해석을 통해 흡착반응은 유사이차반응속도식이 유사일차반응속 도식에 비해 일치도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 입자내확산이 흡착공정의 지배단계임을 알았다. 유사이차반응속도식을 적용한 열역학적 해석을 통해 평가된 엔탈피 변화값(406.12 kJ/mol)으로부터 흡착공정이 흡열반응으로 진행됨을 알았다. 또한 엔트로피 변화값(1.66 kJ/mol K)은 흡착공정의 무질서도가 증가한다는 것을 나타내었다. 온도가 올라갈수록 자유에너지 값이 감소하는 경향을 보인 것은 활성탄에 대한 CBBG의 흡착반응은 온도가 올라갈수록 자발성이 높아지는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

In this work, removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by activated red mud was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to observe the morphology and surface components of activated red mud, respectively. The effects of various parameters on the removal efficiency were studied, such as contact time, pH, initial phenol concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The removal percentage of phenol was initially increased, as the solution pH increased from 3 to 7, and then decreased above neutral pH. The removal percentage of phenol was decreased by increasing the initial phenol concentrations. Adsorption results show that equilibrium data follow the Freundlich isotherm, and kinetic data was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental results show that the activated red mud can be used to treat aqueous solutions containing phenol, as a low cost adsorbent with high efficiency.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2016

본 연구는 흡착제로 야자각계 수증기 활성화 입상 활성탄을 사용하여 Acid Black 1 수용액에서의 흡착 거동과 동역학적, 열역학적 파라미터에 대해 회분식 반응을 통해 조사하였다. 흡착변수로는 pH, 초기농도, 접촉시간, 온도를 사용하였다. pH에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위해 pHpzc 값을 분석한 뒤 pH 3-11 범위에서 제거율을 조사하였다. 흡착평형자료로부터 Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich 등온 흡착식에 대한 적합성을 평가하였다. 흡착공정에 대한 동역학적 해석을 통해 유사 1차반응식과 유사 2차반응식에 대한 흡착반응의 일치도를 평가하였다. 열역학적 해석을 통해 엔탈피 변화 값과 활성화에너지 값을 조사하여 이를 통해 흡착공정이 흡열반응인지를 확인하였으며, 엔트로피 변화 값과 자유에너지 값을 통해 흡착공정의 자발성을 확인하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

The kinetics of cation reequilibration have been studied theoretically and experimentally in complex oxides after an external perturbation of equilibrium by temperature jumps. A general kinetic model for cation redistribution amongst non-equivalent sites in complex oxides is derived based on a local homogeneous point defect mechanism involving cation vacancies. Temperature-jump optical relaxation spectroscopy has been established to investigate cation kinetic processes in spinels and olivines. The kinetic model satisfactorily describes the experimental absorbance relaxation kinetics in cobalt containing olivines and in nickel containing spinels. It is found that the kinetics of cation redistribution in complex oxides shows a strong temperature- and composition-dependence. Activation energies for cation redistribution in Co-Mg olivines are found to range between 200 and 220 kJ/mol whereas an energy barrier of about 230 kJ/mol is observed in the case of nickel gallate spinel.