• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.39-57
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• 2011

The goal of this paper is to analyze the relationship between pedagogy and the emergence of contemporary Korean architecture after the 1990s. For this purpose, the paper deals with the education and work of two important contemporary Korean architects, Kim Seung Hoy and Choi Wook. Kim and Choi were part of a group of young architects that went abroad in the 1980s to study at the centers of architectural education in Europe and the United States. Through their education and work, the paper discusses the relationship among education, history, and design practice in architecture. During their studies at Michigan University and IUAV in Venice, they were commonly influenced by Colin Rowe through their studios. In the case of Kim Seung Hoy, he was introduced to the Beaux Arts logic of the analytique and esquisse through the teaching of Steven Hurrt, a disciple of Colin Rowe. Choi Wook took studios that involved formal analysis and comparison of Palladio and Le Corbusier. The paper further analyzes their works in Korea by employing the concepts of fragments and systems, ignorance and knowledge. The paper concludes that, in Korean contemporary architecture, fragments and systems, ignorance and knowledge, lie in the middle of ongoing creative process that must distinguished from the West, where architectural history provides an established tradition of systematic knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.43-57
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.152-156
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• 2017

In this paper, $Pb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.07}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.10}(Zr_{0.5}Ti_{0.5})_{0.83}O_3$ ceramics were fabricated by the conventional solid state method to obtain excellent dielectric properties for ultrasonic generators. The effects of 2nd calcination temperature on their microstructure and piezoelectric properties were systematically investigated. The tetragonality increased in the ceramics when 2nd calcination temperature increased to the optimized temperature at $750^{\circ}C$. At that temperature, excellent physical properties ($d_{33}=352\;pC/N$, ${\varepsilon}_r=1,687$, $k_p=0.570$, $Q_m=1,640$) were obtained for ultrasonic generator application.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.334-337
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• 2017

In this paper, to develop the ceramics with high $d_{33}$ and high $Q_m$ for ultrasonic transducer applications, $0.10Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.07Pb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.83Pb(Zr_{0.5}Ti_{0.5})_{0.83}O_3$ (PNN-PMN-PZT) ceramics were sintered at $940^{\circ}C$ using $CuO-Li_2CO_3-Bi_2O_3$ (CLBO) as a sintering aid by a traditional solid-state technique. The influence of zinc oxide additive on the physical properties of the prepared ceramics were systematically investigated. The R-T (rhombohedral-tetragonal) phase coexistence was found in the ceramics without zinc oxide additive and with increasing amounts of ZnO additive, the specimens showed a tetragonal phase. The formation of a liquid phase between ZnO and $Bi_2O_3$ contributed significantly to the grain growth of specimens. For the 0.1 wt% ZnO ceramics, the optimal physical properties of $d_{33}=370pC/N$, ${\varepsilon}_r=1,344$, $k_p=0.621$, and $Q_m=1,523$ were obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.705-709
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• 2004

In this study, the foot-spa driving circuit using ultrasonic vibrator was manufactured The used ultrasonic vibrator was PSN-PMN-PZT ceramic with the radius of $25{\Phi}$ and the thickness of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4mm, respectively. Resonent frequency for driving ultrasonic vibrator at the fabricated circuit was generated using the self exciting and the external exciting methods. Fabricated foot-spa showed the best condition at the resonent frequency of 1.130MHz and the ceramic thickness of 2.0mm. That is, when the foot-spa was operated for 360 min. at $0.5\ell$ water, temperature increase of water was $14^{\circ}C$ at the self exciting method and $16^{\circ}C$ at the external exciting methods, respectively.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

Most of construction at urban area is now undertaking a redevelopment because currently the most of city is full. But the research about the collision of urban tissue at urban redevelopment area are very limited and there are many issues at urban redevelopment area. So the purpose of this study is to analyze the collision between different urban tissue at urban redevelopment area and suggest proper method for urban redevelopment. The area inside of four main gates, especially Chung Jin, Gong pyeong, Mu gyo- Da dong district are selected to analyze because the area inside of these gates is the oldest urban redevelopment area and each of them has a different redeveloped method. And current status of research area's urban tissue and collision situation are analyzed by macro and micro scale of view. The results of this study were as follows; Ignoring the timeline of the urban redevelopment process can be a major issue in collision between urban tissue. Therefore, the consideration of intermediate stage of redevelopment process is needed by making public area, a temporal use of vacant lot and changing architectural elements can make a harmony between different urban tissue.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hand massage program on total sleep hours at night and satisfaction of sleep in clients with ischemic heart disease. The design utilized for this study was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects were fifty-four patients, twenty-eight for the experimental and twenty-six for the control group, who were admitted with ischemic heart disease at cardiac intensive care unit in K medical center of K university. This study was carried out from May, 1999 to March, 2000. Hand massage was carried out at $8{\sim}9$ PM, once a day for 3 days. Total sleep hours at night were measured from 9 PM through 6AM next morning. Sleep hours of subjects were observed 30 minutes interval. Satisfaction of sleep was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) at 7 AM next morning. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS PC program and analyzed using $X^2$-test and repeated measures of ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The total sleep hours at night of the experimental group were not higher than those of the control group. 2. The satisfaction of sleep of the experimental group was not higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, hand massage did not promoted sleep in ICU clients with ischemic heart disease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

In this paper, lead-free [$Li_{0.04}(Na_{y}K_{1-y})_{0.96}](Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.1}Sb_{0.04})O_{3}$ (y=0.4 - 0.58) ceramics were manufactured using conventional miked oxide method for acoustic emission(AE) sensor application and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated with the variations of Na/K ratio. The samples in the composition Na/K=54/46 exhibited excellent electrical properties of $d_{33}=300$ PC/N and kp=0.49. Taking into consideration above piezoelectric properties, it can be concluded that the [$Li_{0.04}(Na_{y}K_{1-y})_{0.96}](Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.1}Sb_{0.04})O_{3}$ system ceramics are the promising lead-free materials capable of substituting PZT system ceramics.