• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.579-588
• /
• 2007

The effects of packaging methods on the quality of beef and pork jerky samples prepared Korean- style were investigated in terms of their pH, water activities ($A_w$), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, total bacterial counts, and sensory evaluations during storage at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The jerky was subjected to plastic packaging and vacuum packaging conditions at $25^{\circ}C$ Levels of pH slightly decreased during storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the packaging methods. (p>0.05) Also, water activity decreased as storage time passed (p<0.05), and vacuum packaging resulted in a higher water activity value than plastic packaging. The hardness value of the jerky in plastic packaging was higher than that in vacuum packaging (p<0.05). In addition, hardness and TBA increased over the storage periods (p<0.05). The total bacterial counts in of the vacuum packaged jerky were lower than those of the plastic packaged jerky. The vacuum packaging treatments had higher scores than the plastic packaging treatments for all sensory traits. Based on our findings, we conclude that vacuum packaging is a more effective storage method than plastic packaging for jerky.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2013

In here, we investigated the quantitative analysis method of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography-MS. Two ways of clean-up process were investigated for LC-MS/MS instrumental analysis of IAA, but both a simple dilution and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) solid phase extraction (SPE) were not met the optimal recovery rates for quantitative analysis. On the other hand, the clean-up method for GC-MS was finally optimized through HLB-SPE from 250-folds diluted sample and methylation with trimethylsilyl chloride in methanol for 4 h. The limit of detection for methyl ester of IAA and IBA were both 1.4 mg/L, and recovery rates showed 93-107% from the concentrated liquid fertilizer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of adsorption by using a meso-porous adsorbent (MPA), and investigate the removal efficiency of geosmin which taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water supplies through batch test. The results for the adsorption isotherm was analyzed by using the Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation, generally being applied. And the study showed that the both Langmuir and Freundlich equation explains the results better. Both of pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model were respectively applied for evaluation of kinetic sorption property of geosmin onto MPA. The adsorption experiment results using MPA showed that maximum adsorption capacity of MPA was lower 7 times than that of GAC, and adsorption rate of MPA was faster 11 times than that of GAC, on the basis of pseudo-first-order model. Therefore, it was determined that MPA was effectively able to remove geosmin in drinking water supplies in short EBCT condition, but regeneration cycle in MAP process was shorter than that in conventional process.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2006

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment on Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) in frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 17 voluntary patients received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The patients were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment, after 1 week of treatment, after 2 weeks, 3 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Range of Motion(ROM) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). DITI was measured before treatment and after 4weeks of treatment. The obtained data was analyzed. Results : CSA, SPADI, VAS, adduction and extension showed significant(p<0.05) improvement. Abduction and flexion both improved after 4 weeks of treatment, but the improvement was statistically insignificant(p>0.05). DITI showed improvement but the improvement was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion : 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment significantly improved CSA, SPADI, VAS, adduction and extension in frozen shoulder patients(p<0.05). The improvement of abduction and flexion after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment was insignificant(p>0.05). DITI results improved after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment. But the change of thermal difference was insignificant(p>0.05).

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2014

The pitting corrosion behaviors between the constituent phases in F53 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) in acidified chloride environments were investigated using a critical pitting corrosion temperature test, a potentiodynamic anodic polarization test, and the microstructure analyses through a SEM-EDS and a SAM. As the solution annealing temperature decreased from $1150^{\circ}C$ to $1050^{\circ}C$, the ${\gamma}$-phase fraction increased whereas the ${\alpha}$-phase fraction decreased. The pitting potential and the critical pitting temperature increased with a decrease of solution annealing temperature, thereby increasing the resistance to pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion of the SDSS was selectively initiated at the ${\alpha}$-phases because the PREN (pitting resistance equivalent number, PREN = %Cr+3.3%Mo+30%N) value of the ${\gamma}$-phase is much larger than that of the ${\alpha}$-phase, irrespective of the solution annealing temperature. The pitting corrosion was finally propagated from the ${\alpha}$-phase to the ${\gamma}$-phase. The decrease of solution annealing temperature enhanced the resistance to pitting corrosion greatly in acidified chloride environments due to a decrease of PREN difference between the ${\gamma}$-phase and the ${\alpha}$-phase, that is, a decrease of $PREN{\gamma}$ by dilution of N in ${\gamma}$-phase with an increase in the ${\gamma}$-phase volume fraction and an increase of $PREN{\alpha}$ by enrichment of Cr and Mo in the ${\alpha}$-phase with a decrease in the ${\alpha}$-phase volume fraction.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.88-116
• /
• 2009

Background : EBM (the evidence based medicine) is the direction of the development for oriental medicine. The pulse meter-analyzer is the important part to standardize the pulse diagnosis. When we set up the direction of the study on the pulse meter-analyzer, the awereness about the pulse meter and analyzer of the clinical oriental medical doctors as consumers is very important. Objectives : In order to prepare for the mutual study and the export strategy on the pulse meter-analyzer of Korea and China, the attitude of the study and the grasp of the awereness about the pulse meter-analyzer of the Chinese medical doctors are very important. Methods : We developed the several items as the important factor of the development of the pulse meter and analyzer. They were translated by chinese medical doctor. The investigation for demend was conducted during 3 months in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. The results of the investigation was done the statistical method of frequency analysis, Chi-squared test, correspondence analysis. Results : The most important differentiation of symptom is the symptom of JANG-BU(臟腑). The method of the utility in the pulse diagnosis is Chon-Gu (寸口) pulse diagnosis and the research on Chon-Kwan-Cheok(寸關尺) is the most important measurement factor. And the typical the old pulse is the little-fine weak pulse. The pulse meter-analyzer is most suitable to the diagnosis of the hypertension and the arteriosclerosis. Conclusion : The development of the pulse analyzer including the requests of Korean and Chinese medical doctors is very important. Specially the researches on the influence factors of the traditional diagnosis and the environment of the measurement are important for developing the pulse analyze.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 1989

CNS prophylaxis with 18 or 24 Gy cranial irradiation plus intrathecal methotrexate was given to 134 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who had got bone marrow remission (M1) after remission induction chemotherapy from August 1979 to December 1986. The rate of initial total CNS relapse was 14.2% (19/134), the rate of isolated CNS relapse was 5.2% (7/134), and the rate of CNS relapse concomittantly combined with bone marrow relapse or testicular relapse was 9% (12/134). Male sex or older age was accociated with higher CNS relapes and the initial peripheral leukocyte count over 50,000/ul had higher relapse rate. Relapse with radiation dose of 18Gy was somewhat lower than that with 24Gy. Within 4 years after CNS prophylaxis occurred 89% of the total CNS relapses, 100% of the isolated CNS relapses, and 83% of the combined CNS relapses. Adjusted to exposed cases to risk of CNS relapse, the total CNS relapse rate was 11.9% during maintenance chemotherapy and 4.9% after maintenance chemotherapy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.28 no.4 s.51
• /
• pp.765-771
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of temporary threshold shift (TTS) of vibration sense could induced by exposure to high-frequency vibration or by work position taking by dentists in drilling or polishing. The vibratory perception thresholds (VPT) of 28 healthy men were measured on the index fingertip pulp of dominant hand at 250 Hz. The vibrating tool used in test was a low-speed handpiece of 34,000 rpm. For the TTS test, the dominant hand was exposed to high-frequency vibration and to work position for five minutes, respectively. The VPTs before and after vibratory exposure were $23.5{\pm}3.5dB,\;30.8{\pm}4.2dB$, respectively and VPT after work position was $23.7{\pm}4.6dB$. The difference between before and after vibartory exposure was statistically significant (p<0.001). The correlation of height, weight and BMI with baseline VPTs was not statistically significant. Also, there was no difference of VPTs by smoking. These results suggest that high-frequency vibration from dental handpieces might cause the impairment of vibration sensation.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.907-915
• /
• 2011

Moju is a low-alcoholic beverage made by filtering after boiling a mixture of makgeolli, ginseng, arrowroot, licorice root, cinnamon, jujube, ginger, and raw sugar. It is known to alleviate hangovers. To provide information for use in the development of palatable Moju, this study evaluated the physicochemical and sensory properties of 22 kinds of Moju being sold at different restaurants in Jeonju city. The mean values of obtained in the physicochemical analysis were as follows: water content, 91.28%; alcohol content, 1.09%; pH, 4.25; total acidity, 0.27%; reducing sugar content, 40.68 mg/mL; soluble solid content, 13.75 $^{\circ}Brix$; and viscosity 11.19 cP. The Lactic-, malic-, and citric- acid contents were higher than the contents of other organic acids. The sucrose content was higher than the contents of other free sugars. The mean value of the free amino acids was 175.3 mg%, lower than that of Takju, the main ingredient of Moju. It was considered that the free amino acids in Takju can be used as a substrate for the browning reaction in the process of Moju manufacture. In the sensory evaluation, the Moju with 0.15~0.25% total acidity, 10.6~13.4 $^{\circ}Brix$, and 5.73~9.57 cP was preferred.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.618-627
• /
• 2015

Soil salinity is the most critical factor for crop production at reclaimed tidal saline soil. Subsurface drainage system is recognized as a powerful tool for the process of desalinization in saline soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of subsurface drainage systems on soil salinity and corn development at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil. The field experiments were carried out between 2012 and 2014 at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land, Buan, Korea. Subsurface drainage was installed with four treatments: 1) drain spacing of 5 m, 2) drain spacing 10 m, 3) double layer with drain spacing 5 m and 10 m, and 4) the control without any treatment. The levels of water table showed shorter periods above 60 cm levels with the deeper installation of subsurface drainage system. Water soluble cations were significantly greater than exchangeable forms and soluble Na contents, especially in surface layer, were greatly reduced with the installation of subsurface drainage system. Subsurface drainage system improved biomass yield of corn and withering rate. Thus, the biomass yield of corn was improved and the shoot growth was more affected by salinity than was the root growth. The efficiency of double layer was not significant compared with the drain spacing of 5 m. The economic return to growers at reclaimed tidal saline soil was the greatest by the subsurface drainage system with 5 m drain spacing. Our results demonstrated that the installation of subsurface drainage system with drain space of 5 m spacing would be a best management practice to control soil salinity and corn development at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil.