• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.209-212
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• 2007

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of early infancy, and is characterized by periorificial dermatitis, alopecia, and intractable diarrhea. Serum zinc levels are usually low in untreated patients and the oral administration of zinc sulfate can clear skin lesions and other symptoms. Although premature and cow's milk-fed infants are at particular risk of developing AE, there have been a few reports about AE in term and breast-fed infants. We report a case of transient AE in a 4-month-old breast-fed infant. This patient suffered from diarrhea and dermatitis for more than a month. Her skin lesions were erythematous, scaly, crusted, psoriasiform, eczematous, with an eruption at the chin, and a periorificial disposition with involvement of the flexural areas of lower extremities. Her serum zinc level was almost normal at $129{\mu}g/dL$ (reference range: $60-121{\mu}g/dL$), but the zinc level in her hair was low: 8 mg percent (reference range: 10-21 mg percent). Skin biopsy findings were consistent with AE. Seven days after zinc supplementation, the skin lesions and diarrhea improved. The authors recommend that a clinical trial of zinc supplementation be considered in cases where there are suspicious of AE, even when the serum zinc level is normal.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 2013

A 5-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog presented with generalized multifocal pruritic erythema and alopecia for a month. Initial skin biopsy suggested cutaneious histiocytosis. The dog had been treated with the immunosuppressive therapy for a month, but multifocal erythematous patches and plaques were newly observed. Direct imprint smear of cutaneous lesions suggested a lymphoma and rebiopsy was performed. Microscopic examination demonstrated a round cell tumor with epitheliotrophism to the epidermis and adnexal structures. The neoplastic round cells were strongly positive for CD3 yet negative for CD79a, indicting the tumor was cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. After 2 cycles of oral administration of lomustine ($70mg/m^2$, once every 2-3 weeks), only partial response was observed. Alternative chemotherapy with gemcitabine ($500mg/m^2$, 30-minute IV infusion, once every week) was initiated. A total 3 cycles of gemcitabine failed to control the progression of disease, and the dog was euthanized on Day 69 after the 1st lomustine treatment.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop the useful inducing method of estrus for Korean native cows. Under the condition of estrus induction by administering $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ for the cows in which corpus luteum (CL) in ovaries was detected by ultrasonography, ovarian responses and the changes of progesterone ($P_4$) concentration against $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ compared with conception rate were observed in cows and heifers. In inducing estrus administering $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. to the cows which has corpus luteum in ovaries, ovarian reponses, the changes of progesterone concentration, and conception rate were identified and compared. The results attained from the studies were as follows. Significant decreases of CL in size over time after $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration were detected in both cow and heifer groups (p<0.001), but not different between groups in the CL regression rate (p>0.05). In addition, the percentage changes relative to the plasma $P_4$ concentration on day 1 after $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment were decreased to below 1ng/ml. The growth rate of follicle was observed as 31% on day 1 and 42% on day 2 in cows, and 34% on day 1 and 97% on day 2 in heifers, resulting that growth of heifers are faster than that of cows (p<0.05). The conception rate after $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment were 60.5% and 64.2% in cows and heifers, respectively. It also indicated that the conception rate after estrus observation with $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection was as high as 66.6% while that with timed-artificial insemination (TAI) regardless of the estrus observation was 56%, which means the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination after estrus observation was higher than that of TAI (p<0.05). In the result of all above, there were significant decreases in CL size and the plasma $P_4$ concentration by days but rapid growth in follicles, which has no differences in cows and heifers. The conception rate was commonly high after estrus observation and more than 50% under TAI.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.461-467
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activity and hepatoprotective effect of DWP-04 [DDB : selenium yeast: glutathione (31.1 : 6.8 : 62.1(w/w/w)] in D-galactosamine (GaIN) intoxicated rats. The DWP-04 (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) or its vehicle was orally administered everyday before the start of GaIN injection (400 mg/kg, ip) for two weeks and animal decapitated for 24 hrs after GaIN­injected. The activities of serum enzymes, markers of liver function, were increased in the GaIN group compared to normal group and significantly lowered in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group. Hepatic lipid peroxide level and activities of phase 1 enzymes were significantly higher than those of GaIN group compared to normal group and lower in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group, and phase II enzyme activities in liver were lower in the GaIN group than in the normal group and were increased in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group. Total hepatic glutathione content and glutathione biosynthesis enzymes were lower in the GaIN group than in the normal group and were increased in the DWP-04 pretreated group than in the GaIN group. Therefore, the current results indicated that DWP-04 administration alleviated the GaIN-induced adverse effect through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.362-375
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• 2019

Since Kim Dae-jung's administration, the Korean government has established policy for overseas Koreans to provide nationalism education to their descendants. While the policy is still in effect today, as to how the recipients of the support in the USA make meaning of the programs given much changes in the social climate in respect to Korean culture, has not been examined in-depth. Therefore, through in-depth interviews with Korean Americans, the current study examined how the recipients of the educational program perceive policy on education program towards Korean Americans and whether it has strengthened their nationalism or sentiment towards motherland. The study further examines the factors that influences their sentiments towards the motherland as identified by Korean Americans. The findings show that exposure to the culture and parents' teachings of the Korean values have helped them embrace Korean heritage. Moreover, findings revealed that their sense of Koreanness were due to positive memories from visits they had when they were young and changes in Korea's status in the global arena. Future direction of the policy and suggestion for specific programs for Korean Americans, as well as implications of the findings are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 1999

The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of activin-A on gonadotropins (GTHs) release in testosterone-treated immature rainbow trout Oncorhpynchus mykiss. The administration of testosterone elevated pituitary level of GTH II but not of GTH I. In this study using primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells in static incubation, dose-dependent increases in GTH II release was observed in the activin-treated group at day 3 of incubation (long-term incubation), but not at day 1 of incubation (short-term incubation). Dopamine, a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated GTH II release in rainbow trout, was only partially effective in decreasing actvin-induced GTH II release. Furthermore, salmon GnRH (sGnRH)-stimulated GTH II release was not potentiated by the pretreatment with activin. However, the control mechanisms of GTH I release by activin and other hormones were not observed in the all tested experiments. The results of these studies support the contention that in contrast with the usual stimulatory effects of activin on GTH release in mammals, activin exerts long-term stimulatory actions on GTH II release in rainbow trout. The control mechanism of GTH I release, however, is a question that remains to be elucidated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.738-742
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the anti-dementia effects of acorn (Quercus acutissima CARR.) in brain of the mouse. Dementia model was induced by administration of scopolamin (30 mg/kg BW) Male ICR mouse $(30{\pm}2g\;BW)$ were fed basal diet (control group), and experimental diets (AP-5 and AP-10 groups) added $5\%\;and\;10\%$ of dried acorn powder to basal diet for 8 months. Acetylcholine content significantly increase in AP-5 and AP-10 groups ($4.2\%\;and\;11.3\%$, respectively) compared with control group. Acetylcholinesterase activities were significantly inhibited ($13.5\%\;and\;17.6\%$, respectively) in brain of AP-5 and AP-10 groups. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activities were significantly inhibited ($10.0\%\;and\;12.7\%$, respectively) in brain of AP-S and AP-10 groups. These results suggest that acorn (Q. acutissima CARR.) may play an effective role in an attenuating various age-related changes such as dementia including learning and memory impairments in brain.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 2019

Objectives : Present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of various combinations of lemon balm and dandelion (LD) leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced acute liver injury. Methods : Mice were orally treated with 200 mg/kg of LD extracts [1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, or 8:1 (weight : weight)] for 7 days, and then intraperitoneally injected with $CCl_4$ (0.5 mL/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. Body weight gain, relative liver weight, serum biochemistry, histopathologic analyses, and hepatic antioxidant system were examined to elucidate the fittest combination ratio of LD extract. Results : All varying combinations of LD extract significantly increased body weight gain and decreased relative liver weight by $CCl_4$. In addition, LD extract reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Histopathological analyses indicated that LD extract significantly decreased histological activity index score, degenerated hepatocytes, and infiltrated inflammatory cells induced by $CCl_4$. Moreover, LD extract reduced lipid peroxidation, and attenuated the reduction of hepatic glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase by $CCl_4$. Although there were no statistical differences in body weight gain between silymarin- and LD extract-treated groups, administration of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 combination of LD extract exhibited more favorable hepatoprotective effects than silymarin. Especially, 2:1 combination of LD extract showed the most potent hepatoprotective effects. Conclusion : Of various combinations of LD extract tested, present results suggest that 2:1 combination of LD extract would be a promising herbal formulation to protect liver from oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.395-411
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of the flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and its constituent, rutin obtained from the leaf of Morus alba L., on the lipid accumulation mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and C57BL/6 mouse models. Methods and Results: In Oil Red O staining, FRF (1,000 ㎍/㎖) treatments showed inhibition rate of 35.39% in lipid accumulation compared to that in the control. AdipoRedTM assay indicated that the triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with FRF (1,000 ㎍/㎖) was reduced to 23.22%, and free glycerol content was increased to 106.04% that of the control. FRF and its major constituent, rutin affected mRNA gene expression. Rutin contributed to the inhibition of Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression, and inhibited the transcription factors SREBP-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, the effect of FRF administration on obesity development in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. FRF suppressed weight gain, and reduced liver triglyceride and leptin secretion. FRF exerted potential anti-inflammatory effects by improving insulin resistance and adiponectin levels, and could thus be used to help counteract obesity. The mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, and CPT-1 were determined in liver tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was also performed to evaluate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue. Compared to the control group, mice fed the HFD showed the up-regulation in PPAR-γ, FAS, IL-6, and TNF-α genes, and down-regulation in CPT1 gene expression. FRF treatement markedly reduced the expression of PPAR-γ, FAS, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to those in HFD control, whereas increased the expression level of CPT1. Conclusions: These results suggest that the FRF and its major active constituent, rutin, can be used as effective anti-obesity agents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.620-626
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and industrial structure and to present a future vision through analysis of industrial agglomeration, growth, and industrial efficiency targeting the Chungnam display industry nurtured by regional industrial policies since 2002. The industrial scale and aggregate status were analyzed through the business scale quotient and location quotient, and the growth and pace of structural change in the industry were analyzed through the industrial growth rate and change of industrial structure. Analysis results found the display industry shows its solid status based on industrial agglomeration. The RLQ, added value ratio, and employment coefficient have a relatively high comparative advantage. However, the growth rate has declined, and the pace of structural change has become lower. The regional competitiveness has been deteriorating. It is necessary to develop strategies to help the industry evolve into a convergence display industry to secure competitiveness by forming value chains. The regional industrial policy 'Regional Innovation Growth Plan' should be utilized to foster local industries that consider the regional characteristics and development directions and to promote the shared growth of related subsidiary industries through fostering specialized complexes for materials, parts, and equipment.