• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2006

Recently, many design standards recommend the use of a strut-tie model approach for design of structural concrete with D-region(s). However, since the design standards of the conventional strut-tie model approaches are suggested on the assumption of using a determinate strut-tie model, it is difficult to apply an indeterminate strut-tie model in the design of continuous deep beams. In this study, an indeterminate strut-tie model for continuous deep beams is proposed to resolve the problem, and the ultimate strengths of 35 continuous deep beams tested to failure are evaluated for the validity check of the proposed indeterminate strut-tie model. The analytical results by the proposed model are compared with those by the conventional approaches of ACI 318-99 and ACI 318-05.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2005

Recently, many design codes including ACI 318-02 recommend the use of a strut-tie model approach for design of structural concrete with D-region(s). However, there are several unclear problems and shortcomings in the codes' strut-tie model approach. A grid strut-tie model approach was proposed to resolve these problems. In this study, the ultimate strengths of 17 deep beams, the most familiar type of D-regions, were evaluated for the validity check of the grid strut-tie model approach. The analytical results obtained by the approach are compared with those by the strut-tie model approach presented by CEB-FIP, AASHTO LRFD, and ACI 318-02.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.695-704
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• 2011

This study is an attempt to explore the expressive techniques and characteristics of tie-dye shown in the contemporary fashion. In doing so, the study conducted a literature review and analyzed the works show cased for 2001S/S through 2010F/W, especially from the "big four" collections in Paris, Milan, New York and London. In the contemporary fashion, tie-dye techniques such as tying, folding and sewing are used in an independent or combined manner to express unique images. They also highlight decorative images in combination with a variety of decorative techniques including draping, pleating, beading. In light of its characteristics, tie dye expresses unique formative aesthetics with diverse patterns and creates more gorgeous images than when many different colors are used for dyeing. The dyeing process works as a critical factor influencing the overall image of design, as it is expressed as a pattern by being applied on the whole of an item rather than in part of clothes. The characteristics of tie-dye techniques used in the contemporary fashion are associated with the expressions of natural beauty, abstract decorative beauty, and dynamic rhythmical beauty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1550-1552
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of electrolyte solutions on the activities of bow-tie water trees in XLPE insulated power cable, we have tried to observe the characteristics on water treeing ( bow-tie type ) using several electrolyte solutions such as $CH_3COOH$, $MgCl_2$,HCl and NaCl solution and tap water. Bow-tie tree density in $CH_3COOH$ and $MgCl_2$ solution was higher than in any other solution, and the growth of tree was stimulated in NaCl and $CH_3COOH$ solution, and diffusion of bow-tie trees into insulation in $MgCl_2$, HCl and NaCl solutions was faster than in $CH_3COOH$ solution and water. Also, although the increase of applied voltage caused bow-tie tree density to be high, it didn't affect the growth of tree maximum length noticeably.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.382-406
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• 2019

We study the antecedents to tie formation on an (Facebook-like) enterprise social media platform implemented to support cross-boundary connections. Research has produced mixed findings regarding the role of social media in cultivating bridging vs. closed networks. We examine the tie formation patterns of 1,386 enterprise social media users over a two-year period. Specifically, we observe who became (or chose not s become) "friends" with whom at the dyadic level and relate the decisions to various mechanisms that affect one's network to expand, constrain, or bridge. Using logistic and OLS regressions, we find that users tend to form ties via reciprocity and transitivity (with friends of friends), both of which help expand one's network. We also find strong networking tendency toward functional and hierarchical homophily (same business unit and same rank, respectively), which is likely to constrain one's network (closed network structure). We find that one's participation in various online interest groups is likely to open one's network (bridging network structure) while no evidence found for preferential attachment. Overall, we find that enterprise social media offers features, some of which are likely to foster bridging while others foster closed networks via different mechanisms.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2005

Despite improvements in the surgical treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas, the recurrence rates remain high in patients with advanced-stage disease. Most of the recurrence occurs within 3 years of the surgical resection, and nearly $90\%$ of the patients with recurrence die within 2 years of the diagnosis of recurrence. A recent study analyzed recurrence patterns for patients who had undergone a potentially curative gastrectomy. For those patients, $33\%$ of the recurrences involved locoregional sites, $44\%$ the peritoneum, and $38\%$ distant sites. A 51-year-old female patient was diagnosed with stomach cancer and underwent a total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection during Oct. 1999. The pathologic report indicated a T3N1M0 tumor. We performed immunochemotherapy for 2 years with regular follow up. A gastrofiberscopic examination done during sep. 2004, cancer recurrence was found at the Kim's tie site of the jejunual loop. We did an abdominal exploration and a segmental resection of cancer site with pathologically negative resection margins. After the operation, we started secondary chemotherapy with TS-1.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2A
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• pp.269-279
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• 2008

In this study, the ultimate strengths of 229 simply supported reinforced concrete deep beams tested to shear failure were evaluated by the ACI 318-05's strut-tie model approach implemented with the presented indeterminate strut-tie model and its load distribution ratio. The ultimate strengths of the deep beams were also estimated by the experimental shear equations, design codes that were based on experimental and theoretical shear strength models, and current strut-tie model design codes. The validity of the present strut-tie model and its load distribution ratio was examined through the comparison of the strength analysis results classified according to the prime design variables of the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, and compressive strength of concrete.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.813-823
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• 1998

The frictional force has been considered as an harmful factor in an active unit where tooth movement occurs, but as an advantageous factor in anchor unit that resist tooth movement. That is, efficient tooth movement is planned by using ligation methods that have low levels of bracket-wire frictional force and the anchorage control can be achieved by using ligation methods that have high levels of bracket-wire frictional force that result in binding of the bracket accompanied by little or no tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frictional force generated between bracket and wire in accordance with the methods of ligation, the material of ligation and the passage of time under artificial saliva. Tested were 0.017x0.022 inch stainless steel wires in standard edgewise twin brackets for upper central incisors in a 0.018-inch slot. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules and stainless steel ligatures. Whole tie, half tie, twisting tie and double overlay tie were done with elastomeric modules. With 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature whole tie and half tie were done by needle holder and whole tie by ligature tying plier. With 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature whole ties were done by needle holder. Whole tie groups of elastomeric module were kept in artificial saliva bath at $37^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. The frictional force was recorded by means of an Instron universial testing instrument (4202 INSTRON, Instron Co., U.S.A.) at initial, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results for ligated samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the fellowing : ${\cdot}$In elastomeric module whole tie, 28 days group was significantly greater mean static frictional force than any other group but there were no significant differences among any other group (p>0.05). ${\cdot}$Elastomeric module twisting ties were significantly greater mean static frictional forces than any other ligation method but there were no significant differences between twisting tie and double overlay tie (p>0.05). Twisting tie, double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie showed differences in decreasing order. ${\cdot}$Stainless steel half tie produced lower mean static frictional force than whole tie, ligation by ligature tying plier produced greater mean static frictional force than by needle holder and ligation with 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature produced greater mean static frictional force than with 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature (p<0.05). ${\cdot}$There were no significant differences between the mean static frictional forces of elastomeric whole tie and stainless steel whole tie (p>0.05).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.686-688
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• 1996

Network reconfiguration is performed by opening/closing two types of switches, tie and sectionalizing switches. A whole feeder, or part of a feeder, may be served from another feeder by closing a tie switch linking the two while an appropriate sectionalizing switch must be opened to maintain radial structures. In loss reduction, the problem is to identify tie and sectionalizing switches that should be closed and opened, respectively, to achieve a maximum loss reduction. In this paper, it is introduced to propose the reconfiguration plan for loss reduction by using the Civanlar's loss reduction formular.