• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1281-1289
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• 2018

Objectives: This study is the first report on a case of subclinical hypothyroidism treated with Modified Er-Xian Decoction, which is rarely used in Korea. Methods: Patients were treated for 3 months with Modified Er-Xian Decoction and their therapeutic effects were evaluated through thyroid function tests and Spleen-Kidney deficiency Questionnaire. Results: Initial improvement was apparent after the administration of Modified Er-Xian Decoction. After 3 months of treatment, the patient 's Spleen-Kidney deficiency index improved significantly, and thyroid hormone levels returned to normal. Conclusions: In this case report, symptoms and biochemical improvement were confirmed based on a single herbal medicine prescription for subclinical hypothyroidism. It is necessary to verify the effect of this prescription through well - established clinical trials.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1985

신장의 기능은 중추신경계 특히 교감신경계의 큰 영향을 받고 있으므로 ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor의 길항제로 알려진 yohimbine을 가토의 측뇌실내로 (i.c.v.) 투여하여 신장 기능의 변동을 관찰하였다. Yohimbine 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ i.c.v. 로써 일관성인 Na 배설 증가와 함께 뇨량, 신혈류 및 사구체 여과율의 증가 경향을 볼 수 있었으나, 투여량을 증가시키면 그와 같은 작용은 소실되고 100 ${\mu}g/kg$ 과 300 ${\mu}g/kg$에 있어서는 신혈류 및 사구체 여과율의 심한 감소와 함께 현저한 항이뇨 작용과 Na 배설의 감소가 관찰 되었다. 이때 전신 혈압은 일과성으로 증가를 나타내었다. Reserpine 전처치 가토에 있어서는 100 ${\mu}g/kg$ i.c.v. yohimbine에 의한 항이뇨, Na 배설 감소작용, 신혈류 역학의 감퇴등이 소실되어 유의한 변동을 관찰할 수 없었다. 이때 전신 혈압의 상승도 소실 되었다. 일측 신장 신경을 제거하고 반대측 신장을 대조로 둔 표본에 있어서 yohimbine 100 ${\mu}g/kg$을 측뇌실내로 투여하면 대조신에서는 정상 가토에서와 같은 전형적인 항이뇨 작용이 나타났으나, 제신경(실험)신에 있어서는 신혈류 역학에는 변동이 없으나 Na 및 K 배설과 Cosm 및 뇨량의 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 이때 신세뇨관에서의 Na 재흡수가 억제되었다. 전신 혈압의 변동은 정상 가토에서와 같이 일과성인 증가를 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 실험으로, 가토 측뇌실내 yohimbine은 신기능에 대하여 두 가지 상반되는 영향을 미치며, 첫째는 교감신경 긴장도의 증가로써 신혈류 및 사구체 여과율을 감소시켜 항이뇨 및 Na 배설 감소를 초래하는 작용과, 둘째는 신경 경로를 통하지 않고, 아마도 humoral factor를 통하여 신세뇨관에서 Na 재흡수를 억제하는 작용이 복합적으로 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

소아에서 급성 신우신염은 상대적으로 흔한 세균 감염 질환이다. 이전에 건강했던 소아에서 요로계의 폐쇄, 저혈압에 의한 신장 허혈, 신장 독성물질에의 노출 등이 없이는 급성 신우신염의 결과로 급성 신부전이 생기기는 매우 드물다. 저자들은 이전에 건강했던 소아에서 방광요관 역류가 동반된 급성 신우신염과 신장 농양에 따른 급성 신부전이 발생한 예를 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 적절한 수액 치료와 항생제 치료를 통해 호전되었다. 증례를 통해 저자들은 급성 신우신염이 급성 신부전의 감별진단에포함되어야 하며, 신장기능의 완전한 회복을 위해서는 적절한 항생제 치료가 수반되어야 함을 제시하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.145-148
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• 2016

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal condition characterized by skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and multiorgan involvement. Various drugs may be associated with this syndrome including carbamazepine, allopurinol, and sulfasalazine. Renal involvement in DRESS syndrome most commonly presents as acute kidney injury due to interstitial nephritis. An 11-year-old boy was referred to the Children's Hospital of Pusan National University because of persistent fever, rash, abdominal distension, generalized edema, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia. He previously received vancomycin and ceftriaxone for 10 days at another hospital. He developed acute kidney injury with nephrotic range proteinuria and hypocomplementemia. A subsequent renal biopsy indicated the presence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and late exudative phase of postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). Systemic symptoms and renal function improved with corticosteroid therapy after the discontinuation of vancomycin. Here, we describe a biopsy-proven case of severe ATN that manifested as a part of vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome with coincident PIGN. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this syndrome due to its severity and potentially fatal nature.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of Hirudo, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods: We established three groups: normal, control, Hirudo, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed by normal saline. The control & Hirudo groups were administered streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Hirudo extract was orally administered to the Hirudo group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, and level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex, renal transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}1$) expression, and renal receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression were studied. Results: The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited. The construction change in kidney of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited. The factor of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited, which induced the construction change in kidney. Conclusions: The above results suggest that Hirudo partially improved the function of the kidney.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-34
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• 1994

This is a literature Study on ophthalmologic disease remedies of the four famous physicians in Jin Yuan period. The results were as follows: 1. Yu Wan So regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the wind and heat(風熱), the blood deficiency(血少), or the deficiency of vital function and essence ,of the kidney(腎氣虛). For each treatment he used the method to remove wind and heat(除風散熱), the tranquillizing and tonifying method to nourish the heart and to relieve mental strain due to dificiency of vital essence(養血安神). the method to nourish Yin in the kidney(補腎水). The important nature of the these medicines is bitter and cold. 2. Jang Jong Jeung regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the blood excess(血太過). or the blood deficiency(血不及). or the fire and heat(火熱). For each treatment he used the method to extract blood(出血療法). the method to nourish the liver and the kidney(補肝腎療法). or the method of vomiting and diarrhea(吐不法). The medicines are usuallly classified into external treatment medicines(外用藥). medicines to disintegrate mass(破積聚藥). purgating medicines(攻下藥). 3. Lee Dong Won regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the spleen and the stomach weakness(脾胃虛弱), excessive fire in the heart(心火太盛). For each treatment he used the method to tranquillize the spleen and the stomach (調理脾胃). the tranquillizing and tonifying method to nourish the heart and to relieve mental strain due to deficiency of vital essence(養血安神). 4. Ju Dan Gye regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the wind and heat(風熱). the blood deficiency(血少). the mental exhaustion(神勞). the kidney weakness(腎弱). For each treatment he used the method to remove wind and heat(除風散熱), the method to nourish blood and yin water(養血補水), the method to relieve mental strain and to remove spiritual heat(安腎瀉神火). the method to nourish yin water(養陰水). These drugs are usually classified into the medicines to remove endogenous heat(淸熱藥). the medicines to nourish yin(補陰藥).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

The effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on diabetic renal damage was investigated using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats showed loss of body weight gain, and increases in kidney weight and urine volume, whereas the oral administration of KRG at a dose of 100 or 250 mg/kg of body weight per day for 28 d prevented these diabetes-induced physiological abnormalities. Among the kidney function parameters, elevated plasma levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in diabetic control rats tended to be lowered in KRG-treated rats. In addition, administration of KRG at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight in the diabetic rats showed significant decreases in serum glucose and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), implying that KRG might prevent the pathogenesis of diabetic complications caused by impaired glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. KRG also significantly reduced advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and secretion from kidney of diabetic rats. Furthermore, KRG decreased the levels of N-(carboxymethyl) lysine and expression of AGE receptor. KRG also reduced the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the kidney via deactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B. We also found that KRG prevented STZ-induced destruction of glomerular structure and significantly suppressed high glucose-induced fibronectin production. Taken together, KRG ameliorates abnormalities associated with diabetic nephropathy through suppression of inflammatory pathways activated by TNF-${\alpha}$ and AGEs. These findings indicate that KRG has a beneficial effect on pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to inquire into the protective effects of acupuncture on oxidative stress caused by cadmium accumulation in the kidney. Methods : Sprague-Dawley male($150{\pm}30g$) rats were stabilized for 1 week and divided into 5 groups: normal, control, $LR_3$ acupuncture, $BL_{23}$ acupuncture and sham acupuncture. For three days experimental groups received oral doses of cadmium 2 mg/kg twice a day. Acupuncture was applied bilaterally at each point 10 times for two weeks. The depth of stimulation was 1 mm at right angles and torsion of acupuncture was produced 2 times per second for 1 minute. The kidneys were extracted and weighed after two weeks, and renal function was confirmed through blood urea nitrogen(BUN). We measured reactive oxygen species of the serum and kidney, and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B)$, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bax and Cytochrome c. Results : The $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group experienced significantly increased kidney weight, and decreased BUN compared to control group. In terms of oxidative stress, the $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group experienced significantly reduced reactive oxygen species compared to the control group. Conclusions : The $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group experienced showed the effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protection. The $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group was more effective than $LR_3$ acupuncture group.

• 셀메드
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.5.1-5.8
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• 2023

Objectives: Cassia occidentalis L. is a weed belonging to the Caesalpiniaceae family. The root of this medicinal plant is used for the treatment of various ailments, including kidney diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the nephroprotective effects of HAE of the roots of Cassia occidentalis L. against gentamicininduced renal toxicity in albino Wistar rats. Methods: The renal toxicity was induced by subcutaneous administration of gentamicin at 100 mg/kg in the rats belonging to the disease control and treatment groups from the 4^th to the 8^th day. The rats in the treatment group received HAE of the roots of Cassia occidentalis L. at 67 mg/kg b. w. orally for 8 days, while no treatment was given to the rats in the disease control and plain control groups. At the end of the experiment, renal biomarkers viz; s. creatinine, b. urea, and s. uric acid, were investigated. The histopathological examination of the kidney specimens was also carried out. Results: The results of the present study revealed that renal function biomarkers such as s. creatinine, b. urea, and s. uric acid were significantly reduced in the rats of the treatment group as compared to those of the disease control group. Moreover, the histoarchitecture reports of the treatment group's kidney specimens showed significant improvements. Conclusion: The results suggested that the HAE of Cassia occidentalis L. roots promisingly prevented kidney injury in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic rats. This effect might be due to improved clearance of gentamicin from the renal tubule and decreased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2022

Objectives : Saam acupuncture is one of the indigenous therapeutic modalities in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of Saam acupuncture of kidney tonification was investigated using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. Methods : Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administered with 30 mg/kg of MPTP at 24-h intervals for 5 days and acupuncture stimulation at LU8, KI7, SP3 and KI3 was performed once a day for 12 days from the first MPTP injection. The pole test and the rotarod test were performed to evaluate motor function, and dopaminergic neuronal survival in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum was evaluated using tyrosine-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Results : MPTP administration caused behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway. Whereas the Saam acupuncture treatment alleviated the MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death in the SN and striatum. Conclusions : Saam acupuncture of kidney tonification can alleviate the MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway, suggesting a possible role for acupuncture in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.