Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2015001

The Protective Effects of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium in the Kidney  

Shin, Hwa Young (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University)
Lee, Hyun Jong (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University)
Kim, Jae Soo (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University)
Publication Information
Journal of Acupuncture Research / v.32, no.1, 2015 , pp. 1-11 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives : This study was performed to inquire into the protective effects of acupuncture on oxidative stress caused by cadmium accumulation in the kidney. Methods : Sprague-Dawley male($150{\pm}30g$) rats were stabilized for 1 week and divided into 5 groups: normal, control, $LR_3$ acupuncture, $BL_{23}$ acupuncture and sham acupuncture. For three days experimental groups received oral doses of cadmium 2 mg/kg twice a day. Acupuncture was applied bilaterally at each point 10 times for two weeks. The depth of stimulation was 1 mm at right angles and torsion of acupuncture was produced 2 times per second for 1 minute. The kidneys were extracted and weighed after two weeks, and renal function was confirmed through blood urea nitrogen(BUN). We measured reactive oxygen species of the serum and kidney, and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B)$, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bax and Cytochrome c. Results : The $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group experienced significantly increased kidney weight, and decreased BUN compared to control group. In terms of oxidative stress, the $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group experienced significantly reduced reactive oxygen species compared to the control group. Conclusions : The $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group experienced showed the effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protection. The $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group was more effective than $LR_3$ acupuncture group.
Keywords
Acupuncture; Cadmium; Oxidative stress; $LR_3$; $BL_{23}$;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Piscator M. Dietary exposure to cadmium and health effect: impact of environmental changes. Environ Health Perspect. 1985 ; 63 : 127-32.   DOI
2 Lee BK. Health effect due to heavy metal intoxication institute of industrial medicine. Journal Korea Association of Occupational Health Nurses. 2002 ; 9(2) : 10-6.
3 Underwood EJ. Trace elements in human and animail nutrition. New York : Academic Press. 2012 : 319.
4 Degraeve N. Carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of cadmium. Mutat Res. 1981 ; 86(1) : 115-35.   DOI
5 Chao JI, Yang JL. Opposite roles of ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in cadmium-i nduced genotoxicity and mitotic arrest. Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 ; 14(9) : 1193-202.   DOI
6 Fergusson JE. The heavy elements: chemistry, environmental impact and health effects. Oxford : Pergamon Press. 1990 : 359.
7 Lee SH, Lee KT, Lee JH et al. Effects of chelators on liver cadmium contents in chronic cadmium intoxication rats. Korean J Hepatol. 1998 ; 4(1) : 59-68.
8 Craton EM. Kidney effects of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA): a literature review. J Holistic Med. 1982 ; 2 : 227-34.
9 Han SH, Shin MK, Jung YH. Effects of the Omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon) extract on the metabolism and renal cadmium contents in cadmium administered rats. Korean J Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2002 ; 31(6) : 1102-6.   DOI
10 Son YH, Kil IH, Lee CS et al. A study on detoxication effects of fols carthami against cadmium poisoning in rats. J Traditional Korean Med. 1998 ; 8(2) : 86-94.
11 Mun YJ, Park KO, Lee JM et al. A study on antitoxic effects of Sanquisorba officinalis L. Against Cadmium Toxicity. J Environmental Science. 1995 ; 4 : 43-8.
12 Lim JA, Kim YH, Baek SH. Inhibitory effects of the methanolic fraction from pueraria radix on hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation and cadmium-induced cytotoxicity(iii). Korean J Physiology & Pathology. 2006 ; 20(6) : 1556-60.
13 Cho MS, Jang KJ, Song CH et al. The effect of carthami semen herb-acupuncture on the HgCl2-induced acute renal failure in rabbit. The Acupuncture. 1998 ; 15(1) : 503-13.
14 Kim HS, Song CH. Beneficial effect of scutellaria baicalensis georgi extract on mercury chlorideinduced membrane transport dysfunction in rabbit renal cortical slices. Korean J Pharmacopuncture. 2001 ; 4(2) : 49-56.
15 Lee BH, Park SY, Lee JH et al. Duration pattern of the effect of acupuncture at HT7 in morphine self-administration. The Acupuncture. 2010 ; 27(4) : 55-65.
16 Jeon HJ, Lee BH, Lee KM et al. A synergy effect of combination of acupoints in cocaine take. The Acupuncture. 2010 ; 27(2) : 31-41.
17 Jung TK. The effects of acupuncture on Zhubin K9 for reducing alcohol craving in patients with alcohol dependence. J Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine. 2004 ; 14(4) : 75-88.
18 Lee BH, Lim SC, Kim JS et al. A short review on the acupoint used in the studies about morphine addiction. The Acupuncture. 2012 ; 29(2) : 179-87.
19 Lee BH, Lim SC, Kim JS et al. A short review on the acupoints used in cocaine studies. The Acupuncture. 2013 ; 30(3) : 145-50.   DOI
20 Park JS, Youn DH, Na CS et al. Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at $LR_3$ on focal brain ischemic injury induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Korean J Meridian & Acupoint. 2006 ; 23(3) : 81-98.
21 Lee YW. Food contamination caused by water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution. J National Nutrition. 1986 ; 10 : 23-6.
22 Youn DH, Na CS. Hepatoprotective effects of electro-acupuncture at Taechung($LR_3$) and Yangji($TE_4$) on experimental liver injury in rats. Korean J Meridian & Acupoint. 2006 ; 23(2) : 167-76.
23 Liu S, Zhou W, Liu H et al. Electroacupuncture attenuates morphine withdrawal signs and c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala in freely moving rats. Brain Res. 2005 ; 1044(2) : 155-63.   DOI
24 Park IK, Lim JK. Effects of moxibustion at the meridian points Sinsu($BL_{23}$) and Wisu($BL_{21}$) on the renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The Acupuncture. 1995 ; 11(2) : 1-25.
25 Perry HM, Yunice A. Acute pressor of intraarterial cadmium and mercuric ions in anesthetized rats. Pros Soc Exp Bio Med. 1965 ; 120(3) : 805-8.   DOI
26 Essing HG, Schaller KH, Szadkowski et al. Common cadmium intake through food stuffs and beverages. Arch Hyg Baktenol. 1969 ; 153(6) : 490-4.
27 Kazantzis G, FV Flynn, JS Spowag et al. Renal tubular malfunction and pulmonary emphysema in cadmium pigment workers. Quari J Med. 1963 ; 32 : 165-92.
28 Schroeder HA. Cadmium as a factor in hypertention. J Chron Dis. 1965 ; 18(7) : 647-56.   DOI
29 Kowel NE, Johnson DE, Kraemer DF et al. Normal levels of cadmium in diet, urine blood and tissues inhabitants of the United States. J Toxical Environ Health. 1979 ; 5(6) : 995-1014.   DOI
30 Szuster-Ciesielska A, Stachura A, Slotwinska M et al. The inhibitory effect of zinc on cadmium-induced cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in cell cultures. Toxicology. 2000 ; 145(2-3) : 159-71.   DOI
31 Sen CK. Oxidative and antioxidants in exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1995 ; 79(3) : 675-86.   DOI
32 Crap JD, Tierney DF. Superoxide dismutase and pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Int J Mol Med. 2001 ;7(1) : 13.
33 Turpaev KT. Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway: Mechanisms of regulation and role in protection of cells against toxicity caused by xenobiotics and electrophiles. Biochemistry. 2013 ; 78(2) : 111-26.
34 Straus DS, Pascual G, Li M et al. 15-Deoxy-${\Delta}$12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000 ; 97(9) : 4844-9.   DOI
35 Kulms D, Schwarz T. Molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis. Photodermatology. 2000 ; 16 : 195-201.   DOI
36 Kondoh M, Araragi S, Sato K et al. Cadmium induces apoptosis partly via caspase-9 activation in HL-60cells. Toxicology. 2002 ; 170(1-2) : 111-7.   DOI
37 The Part of Acupuncture & Moxibusion in the National College of Oriental Medicine. Acupuncture & Moxibusion. Seoul : Jipmundang. 2005 : 489, 667
38 Juhlshamn K, Utne F, Bracckan OR. Interactions of cadmium with copper, zinc and iron in different organs and tissues of the rat. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1977 ; 41(5) : 515-24.   DOI
39 Kim HI, Bae KH, Lee HJ et al. Effect of hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cd and lipid metabolism, and antioxidative capacity in rats. Korean J Nutrition. 1999 ; 32(2) : 137-49.