• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.214-220
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• 1985

극구흡충류(echinostomes)의 하나인 Echinochassnus iaponicus 성충이 1984년 4월 인체로부터 회수되어 이 홉충에 의한 자연 인체감염이 처음으로 증명되었다. 환자는 요꼬가와흡충 유행지로 알려진 절남 탐진강 유역 강진군에 거주하는 33~55세 남자 3명과 62세 여자 1명, 도합 4명으로 이들을 10mg/kg praziquantel로 치료하고 하제를 사용한 후 설사변에 배출된 모든 흡충 및 조충을 수집하였다. 충체 수집결과 많은 수의 요꼬가와흡충이 배출된 것이 확인되었으나 이들과 함께 1~4 종류의 다른 흡충 또는 조충이 발견되었고 특히 E. japonicus 1~43마리 (총 54마리)가 검출되었다. 환자들은 이들 장내 윤충류의 복합감염으로 소화불량, 복부불쾌감 등 위장관 증상을 호소하였고 강 유역에서 각종 잉어숴 어류나 은어를 잡아 생식해온 경력이 있었다. 이들 극구흠충은 길이 0.66~0.99mm이었고, 두관 주위의 두극이 총 담개로 구흡반 배측에시 연결이 끊어져 있었고, 자궁내 충란수가 2개 이내인 점, 충란의 크기가 $76~87{\mu\textrm{m}}$(길이)인 점 등으로 Echinochasmus iaponicus Tanabe, 1926으로 동정되었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.80.1-80.1
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• 2016

There are probabilistic forecast models for solar flare occurrence, which can be evaluated by various skill scores (e.g. accuracy, critical success index, heidek skill score, and true skill score). Since these skill scores assume that two types of forecast errors (i.e. false alarm and miss) are equal or constant, which does not take into account different situations of users, they may be unrealistic. In this study, we make an evaluation of a probabilistic flare forecast model [Lee et al., 2012] which use sunspot groups and its area changes as a proxy of flux emergence. We calculate daily solar flare probabilities from 2011 to 2014 using this model. The skill scores are computed through contingency tables as a function of forecast probability, which corresponds to the maximum skill score depending on flare class and type of a skill score. We use a value score with cost/loss ratio, relative importance between the two types of forecast errors. The forecast probability (y) is linearly changed with the cost/loss ratio (x) in the form of y=ax+b: a=0.88; b=0 (C), a=1.2; b=-0.05(M), a=1.29; b=-0.02(X). We find that the forecast model has an effective range of cost/loss ratio for each class flare: 0.536-0.853(C), 0.147-0.334(M), and 0.023-0.072(X). We expect that this study would provide a guideline to determine the probability threshold and the cost/loss ratio for space weather forecast.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2012

In this research, the feasibility of non-destructive measurement technique of pungency measurement was investigated for the red-pepper powders produced in different domestic areas in South Korea. The near-infrared absorption spectra in the range of 1100 nm~2300 nm was used to measure capsaicinoids content in red-pepper powders by using a NIR spectroscopy equipped with Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF). Fourth three different red-pepper powders from 14 different locations were collected and separated in three different particle size (below 0.425 mm, 0.425~0.71 mm, 0.71~1.4 mm) for the spectral measurements. The partial least square regression (PLSR) models to predict the capsaicinoids content depends on particle size were developed with the measured spectra. The determinant coefficients and standard errors of the developed models for the red-pepper powders of below 0.425 mm, 0.425~0.71 mm, and 0.71~1.4 mm were in the range of 0.859~0.887 and 12.90~12.99 mg/100 g, respectively. The PLS model with the pretreatment of Standard Normal Variate (SNV) for the red-pepper powders below 1.4 mm particle size showed the best performance with the determinant coefficient of 0.844 and the standard error of 14.63 mg/100 g.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.123.2-123.2
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• 2012

We investigate the solar flare occurrence rate and daily flare probability in terms of the sunspot classification supplemented with sunspot area and its changes. For this we use the NOAA active region data and GOES solar flare data for 15 years (from January 1996 to December 2010). We consider the most flare-productive eleven sunspot classes in the McIntosh sunspot group classification. Sunspot area and its changes can be a proxy of magnetic flux and its emergence/cancellation, respectively. We classify each sunspot group into two sub-groups by its area: "Large" and "Small". In addition, for each group, we classify it into three sub-groups according to sunspot area changes: "Decrease", "Steady", and "Increase". As a result, in the case of compact groups, their flare occurrence rates and daily flare probabilities noticeably increase with sunspot group area. We also find that the flare occurrence rates and daily flare probabilities for the "Increase" sub-groups are noticeably higher than those for the other sub-groups. In case of the (M+X)-class flares in the 'Dkc' group, the flare occurrence rate of the "Increase" sub-group is three times higher than that of the "Steady" sub-group. Our results statistically demonstrate that magnetic flux and its emergence enhance the occurrence of major solar flares.

• 천문학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2019

We develop forecast models of daily probabilities of major flares (M- and X-class) based on empirical relationships between photospheric magnetic parameters and daily flaring rates from May 2010 to April 2018. In this study, we consider ten magnetic parameters characterizing size, distribution, and non-potentiality of vector magnetic fields from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) X-ray flare data. The magnetic parameters are classified into three types: the total unsigned parameters, the total signed parameters, and the mean parameters. We divide the data into two sets chronologically: 70% for training and 30% for testing. The empirical relationships between the parameters and flaring rates are used to predict flare occurrence probabilities for a given magnetic parameter value. Major results of this study are as follows. First, major flare occurrence rates are well correlated with ten parameters having correlation coefficients above 0.85. Second, logarithmic values of flaring rates are well approximated by linear equations. Third, using total unsigned and signed parameters achieved better performance for predicting flares than the mean parameters in terms of verification measures of probabilistic and converted binary forecasts. We conclude that the total quantity of non-potentiality of magnetic fields is crucial for flare forecasting among the magnetic parameters considered in this study. When this model is applied for operational use, it can be used using the data of 21:00 TAI with a slight underestimation of 2-6.3%.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.52.3-52.3
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• 2019

We investigate a relative contribution from short to long-term flaring rate to predicting M and X-class flare probabilities. In this study, we consider magnetic parameters summarizing distribution and non-potentiality by Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseimic and Magnetic Imager and flare list by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. A short-term rate is the number of major flares that occurred in an given active region (AR) within one day before the prediction time. A mid-term rate is a mean flaring rate from the AR appearance day to one day before the prediction time. A long-term rate is a rate determined from a relationship between magnetic parameter values of ARs and their flaring rates from 2010 May to 2015 April. In our model, the predicted rate is given by the combination of weighted three rates satisfying that their sum of the weights is 1. We calculate Brier skill scores (BSSs) for investigating weights of three terms giving the best prediction performance using ARs from 2015 April to 2018 April. The BSS (0.22) of the model with only long-term is higher than that with only short-term or mid-term. When short or mid-term are considered additionally, the BSSs are improved. Our model has the best performance (BSS = 0.29) when all three terms are considered, and their relative contribution from short to long-term rate are 19%, 23%, and 58%, respectively. This model seems to be more effective when predicting active solar ARs having several major flares.

• 우주기술과 응용
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.268-281
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• 2021

합성 개구 레이다(SAR, synthetic aperture radar)는 주야간 및 기상 조건에 구애받지 않고 원하는 지점을 관측할 수 있다는 장점으로 인해 최근 그 수요가 점점 늘어나고 있다. SAR 위성으로 관측한 원시 데이터는 위성궤도보정, 방사보정, multi-looking, geocoding과 같은 전처리 과정이 필요하며, 사용자의 목적에 따라 물체 탐지, 변화탐지, DEM(Digital Elevation Model) 등 영상 활용을 하기 위해서는 추가적인 처리 과정이 요구된다. 이러한 전처리와 연산과정은 매우 복잡하며 많은 시간과 컴퓨팅 자원을 필요로 한다. 주로 SAR 영상을 활용하는 기관에서는 영상을 편리하고 쉽게 처리하기 위해 각 기관의 활용 목적에 맞는 분석도구를 개발하여 사용 및 외부 수요자들에게 제공하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내외에서 이용하고 있는 대표적인 SAR 분석도구들의 기능 및 특성에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2023

In this study, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of a SA-723 steel via controlling gaseous hydrogen pre-charging condition has been analyzed. The gaseous hydrogen charging of the SA-723 steel was performed under a constant pressure of 20 MPa of gaseous H₂ at 150℃ and 300℃ for 2 and 6h, and TDS, SSRT and Charpy tests were conducted to analyze the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of the SA-723 steel. Furthermore, prior to commencing the test, these specimens were coated with Zn to prevent hydrogen from diffusing out of a specimen during the tests. The TDS results showed that the 300℃-6h and 150℃-6h charged steels contain larger amounts of hydrogen than 300℃-2h and 150℃-2h charged steel. The SSRT and Charpy test results also showed the similar trends that the mechanical properties of the steels deteriorate as the amount of hydrogen charged in the steel increases. Therefore, this study suggests that, for SA-723 steel, the charging time parameter is more effective to charge more amount of hydrogen into SA-723 steel, rather than the charging temperature.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2001

한반도 남해안의 고성만과 강진만에 대한 입자유기물질 양과 현탁물식자를 위한 먹이로서의 질의 월별변동을 밝히기 위하여 부유입자물질의 원소 및 생화학 조성에 대한 현장조사를 1999년7월부터 2000년 8월까지 실시하였다. 두 해역의 총 부유입자물질은 해역간에 유사한 농도 분포로 뚜렷한 월별 변동 양식을 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 이들 생물군의 잠재 먹이원인 입자유기물질 조성성분들은 두 해역 모두 여름철에 뚜렷이 높은 농도를 보이는 계절 변동성을 나타내었다. 한편, 입자유기물질의 원소나 생화학 조성 성분의 높은 농도가 나타나는 시기는 chlorophyll a와 잘 일치하여 식물플랑크톤 생산이 입자유기물질의 중요한 조절자라는 것을 가리킨다. 그러나, chlorophyll a와 입자유기물질 조성성분(입자 단백질, 탄수화물 및 지질)들 사이에 유의한 상관관계는 나타나지 않았고, 이들 생화학 성분들 간에도 높은 상관성은 발견되지 않았다 이와 같은 결과들은 식물플랑크톤 생물량이 낮은 시기에 연구 해역들의 입자유기물질에 대한 또 다른 과정들에 의한 기여가 있다는 것을 시사하였는데, 가을에서 봄철사이에 높은 C:Chl a, C:N 비 및 입자 탄수화물의 높은 농도 등은 입자유기물질의 생화학성분 농도가 표층 퇴적물 재부유나 양식생물의 배설과 같은 과정들에 의해 영향을 받고 있다는 것을 나타낸다. 본 조사해역에서 입자유기물질 중 생화학 성분들의 합으로 나타낸 먹이물질은 그것들의 에너지 값과 함께 가을부터 봄철사이에는 다소 높은 농도가 관찰되었지만, 가장 높은 농도는 여름철에 나타났다. 총 부 유입자물질 중 먹이물질이 차지하는 비율로서 표시한 먹이지수는 대체로 $6\%$를 넘지 않는 수준으로 입자유기물질의 영양상태에 있어서 다소 낮은 질을 나타내는 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구 결과는 식물플랑크톤 변동과 함께 입자유기물질의 먹이물질과 먹이지수 변동을 동시에 측정함으로서 현탁물 섭식자 생물군의 성장과 비만 및 생리생태를 이해하기 위한 자연의 먹이환경으로서 입자유기물질 농도나 질을 더욱 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 보인다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate drinking motives and the drinking-related problems of Korean high school students at a city in Jeonbuk province. Methods: There were 657 students from two academic and two vocational high schools at J city in Jeonbuk province. The sample was collected using a stratified sampling method and the data was collected from June 30th to July 16th 2003. The study instrument used to examine drinking motive was a 20-item summated scale (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .95) and for drinking-related problems was an 18 item summated scale (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .91). The data was analyzed using SPSS/PC+ by percentage, x2-test, t-test and correlations. Results: 1. Drinking experience: Among the high school students, 74.3% of them had drinking episodes. Female students started drinking later (x2 = 12.857, p = .002) and had more drinking friends (x2 = 7.785, p = .020) than males. Vocational school students drank more frequently (x2 = 32.138, p = .001), had more heavy drinking episodes (x2 = 40.370, p = .001). 2. Drinking motives & Drinking-related problems: The mean score of drinking motives was $31.2{\pm}11.12$ out of 80 and that of drinking-related problems was $21.8{\pm}5.85$ out of 72 points. Neither score were stronger was significantly different according to gender and grade. On the other hand, both drinking motives (t = -4.077, p = .001) and drinking-related problems (t = -3.423, p = .001) were stronger in vocational school students than in academic school students. The correlation between drinking-related characteristics and problems were weak (from r = .286 to r = .520) but the correlation within the subcategories of drinking motives was high such as between enhancement and coping (r = .822) and enhancement and social motives (r = .822). Conclusion: The majority of Korean high school students start to drink during their junior high school days. Drinking motives and drinking-related problems were not serious but the drinking motives and the drinking-related problems are stronger among vocational school students. As a result, school-based health education and counseling programs should focus on solving drinking motives than on drinking-related problems.