• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (Kalopanax) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane (CH4) reduction. Kalopanax trunk was extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol. Rumen fluid, alfalfa hay and buffer (control: C) supplemented with 0.3% Kalopanx juice (T1), 0.3% ethanol extract (T2) and 0.3% methanol extract (T3) in the total volume of culture medium were incubated at $38^{\circ}C$ for 24h and 48h. Rumen pH was lower in all Kalopanax treatments during all incubations than that in control (p<0.05). Total VFA and total gas production in T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that in C at 48h incubation (p<0.05). Ammonia-N was decreased in all treatments compared with C during the incubation periods (p<0.05). At 24h incubation, $CH_4$ contents were significantly reduced by both alcohol extracts. It is concluded that supplementing Kalopanax extracts can stimulate ruminal fermentation of rumen microorganisms and inhibit methanogenesis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2002

Effects of the water extract from Kalopanax pictus NAKAI on insulin-like action and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. The bark of K. pictus NAKAI was treated with hot water and the extract was freeze-dried. Total extract of K. pictus NAKAI was fractionated into 6 fractions with increasing gradients from 0 to 100% MeOH on Amberlite XDA-4. Treatment of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ of K. pictus NAKAI total extracts significantly increased the differentiation of the cells. When co-treated with inducers such a dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and insulin, the differentiation was increased at 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of total extract, but not at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, glucose uptake was increased by 3.3 times with addition of 0.3 and 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Fr. 1 (0-10% MeOH) and Fr. 3 (30% MeOH) at 3 ng/ml insulin. In conclusion, K. pictus NAKAI contains such compounds that play a role of insulin-like action and insulin sensitizer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate mass propagation technique by using seed and vegetative propagation of Kalopanax pictus Nakai. For developing seed propagation, seed stratification and 1$0^{\circ}C$ after-ripening treatment induced embryo growth within 1 weeks, resulted in increasing germination rate of seeds up to more than 65% when planted. The softwood cutting using one year old shoot increased rooting rate to 69% whereas more than 1 year old shoot looked like inappropriate for cutting propagation. In the cutting timing, the rooting rate on June, 13 cutting of the first growth shoot was the highest, followed by June 20 and July 4. The most efficient cutting timing seemed to be the middle of June. When cutted shoots were soaked for 30 minute with IBA and NAA 1000mg.$L^{-1}$, rooting rate was increased above 70%. As the concentrations of plant hormone were increased above 2000mg.$L^{-1}$, the rooting rate was slowly decreased.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2002

Four kinds of kalosaponins from inner bark of Kalopanax pictus Nakai as a medicinal and edible timber tree species growing in Korea was analyzed by HPLC. A considerable range of variation in the contents was observed among population. The kalosaponins contents in inner bark from each population were the highest in the Mt. Barwang (30.37 mg/g on the dry weight basis) followed by Mt. Gariwang, Hanra II, Mangun, Paltan, and Hanra II population. Growth factors that might have influenced the contents of the kalosaponins were also examined. As both analysis results of partial correlation and multiple regression, the weight of inner bark and tree age were influenced the kalosaponin O contents. The kalosaponin B contents was influenced by both the weight of inner layer bark and annual mean DBH increment. The contents of kalosaponins appeared to be closely related to the inner bark characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

This study were investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of ground Kalopanax pictus leaves powder on pH, total phenol contents, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, TBARS, WHC, shear force, meat color, sensory evaluation, and fatty acid composition of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed diets for five weeks containing 0% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (Control), 0.5% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (T1), 1.0% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (T2), and 2.0% Kalopanax pictus leaves powder (T3). The pH and TBARS were significantly decreased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder compared to the control (P<0.05). The total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder compared to those of the control group (P<0.05), and especially, T3 was significantly (P<0.05) more effective in improving freshness compared to other treatment groups. The WHC and shear force were not significantly different. CIE $L^*$ and $a^*$ value of treatment groups (especially T3) showed significantly higher value compare to the control, however, no difference in the CIE $b^*$ values was observed among treatment groups. In fatty acid composition, linolenic acid of chicken meat was increased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder than compared to those of the non-supplementation group. In conclusion, a supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaves powder was effective in decreasing pH and TBARS, and increasing total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

The effects of dietary supplementation with Kalopanax pictus branch, leaves, and extracts on performance, proximate composition, pH, total phenol and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, cholesterol and fatty acid composition of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed for 5 weeks with a diet containing 5% Kalopanax pictus branch (T1), 2% Kalopanax pictus leaves (T2), and 5% Kalopanax pictus extracts (60% leaves + 40% branch) (T3). T1 and T3 resulted in much better feed conversion than T2. In proximate composition, crude fat of chicken meat was increased, but not signi-ficantly (p>0.05) in Kalopanax pictus-supplemented diets than control diet. Total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased (p<0.05) by the dietary-supplementation with Kalopanax pictus branch and leaves compared to the control diet. Total and high density lipoprotein cholesterols of treatment groups were higher than the control group, and control group low density lipoprotein cholesterolwas higher than treatment groups (p<0.05). Especially, T3 was significantly (p<0.05) more effective in improving cholesterol compared to other treatment groups. The treatment groups (especially T3) showed significantly higher total fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid compositions compare to the control group.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation diets with Kalopanax pictus leaf powder on performance, proximate composition, carcass characteristics and blood characteristics of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed diets containing Kalopanax pictus leaves with concentration of 0% (Control), 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), and 2.0% (T3) for five weeks. There were no significant differences in performance among treatment, however there were significant decrease in mortality within treatment. The crude fat of chicken meat was increased in diets by addition of Kalopanax pictus leaf powder than control, but moisture, crude protein, and crude ash were no significant differences. The abdominal fat was significantly increased by the supplementation of Kalopanax pictus leaf powder compare to the control (P<0.05). The total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride of control were higher than treatment groups, and the HDL-cholesterol and glucose of control were lower than treatment groups (P<0.05). Especially, T2 and T3 were significantly (P<0.05) more effective in improving cholesterol compare to other treatment groups. In conclusion, these data indicate that supplementation of 1.0% Kalopanax pictus leaf powder (T2) were most effective in decreasing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.536-540
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• 2001

Hepatic lipid peroxide contents were examined in bromobenzene-treated rats firstly after the oral administration of MeOH extract of Kalopanax pictus stem bark its n-BuOH fraction, EtOAc fraction and an alkaline hydrolysate of the n-BuOH fraction, and secondly after the intraperitoneal administration of hederagenin monodesmosides and bisdesmosides. Two hederagenin monodesmosides, kalopanaxsaponin A (KPS-A) and sapindoside C, exhibited significant anti-lipid peroxidation effects after intraperitoneal administration at doses of $10-30{\;}{\mu}mole/kg$, whereas their bisdesmosides did not exhibit any significant activity. These results suggest that it is the hederagenin monodesmosides that are responsible for anti-lipid peroxidation in vivo. The activity of KPS-A was established by the observation of decreased aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and increased epoxide hydrolase activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.550-555
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• 2012

TRPA1 and TRPV1 are members of the TRP superfamily of structurally related, nonselective cation channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are often co-expressed in sensory neurons and play an important role in somatosense such as cold, pain, and irritants. The first leaves of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (Araliaceae) have long been used as a culinary ingredient in Korea because of their unique chemesthetic flavor. In this study, we observed the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ response to cultured cells expressing human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) and human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) by $Ca^{2+}$ imaging analysis to investigate the ability of the first leaves of K. pictus to activate the hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. An 80% ethanol extract of K. pictus (KPEx) increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx in a response time- and concentration-dependent manner via either hTRPA1 or hTRPV1. KPEx-induced response to hTRPA1 was markedly attenuated by ruthenium red, a general blocker of TRP channels, and HC-030031, a specific antagonist of TRPA1. In addition, the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx attained with KPEx to hTRPV1 was mostly blocked by ruthenium red, and capsazepine, a specific antagonist of TRPV1. These results indicate that KPEx selectively activates both hTRPA1 and hTRPV1, which may provide evidence that the first leaves of K. pictus primarily activate TRPA1 and TRPV1 to induce their unique chemesthetic sense.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.720-726
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the food value of K. pictus sprouts. The total ginsenoside content was 67.4 mg/kg. Including Ginsenoside Rg1, a total of five different types were detected by the experiment. The total phenol content was 33.77 mg/100 g. Including seven different type of essential amino acids, the total amino acid content of K. pictus sprouts was 33,744 mg/100 g. The results of the analysis of the free amino acid content showed that the total bitterness was much higher than the total sweetness. From the above results, the food characteristics of K. pictus sprouts could be determined. To improve their consumption, their bitterness must be reduced.