• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.216-220
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• 2005

Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) genes are thought to be important factors in some personality traits. The goal of this study was to determine the role of these genes in personality traits. Method:The participants included 170 healthy adults with no history of psychiatric disorders and other physical illnesses for the last 6 months. All participants were tested by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). BDNF Val64Met gene polymorphisms were analyzed with PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction). Differences on TCI dimensions and sub-scales among groups were examined with ANOVA. Result:There was a significant correlation between BDNF Val64Met and Persistence(PS)(p=0.036) in female subjects, but none with the other TCI dimensions. A post-hoc comparison revealed significant a difference between Val/Val and Met/Met (p=0.031). Conclusion:Our study suggests that the BDNF Val64Met gene polymorphism is associated with persistence in Korean female subjects, but the small number of subjects limits generalization of our results. Further studies with a larger number of homogenous subjects are needed to confirm whether the BDNF gene is related to personality traits.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2010

Objectives : The oriental medicine Jangwonhwan originally described in the Korean medical text, DonguiBogam(amnesia chapter). Recently, a modified formula of Jangwonhwan(LMK02-Jangwonhwan), was shown to reduce $\beta$-amyloid deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. This experiment aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity of LMK02 in SD rats by up-and-down procedure determinations. Methods : Quality control of tablet form of LMK02 was established by estimating indicative components, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelicagigas Nakai. The toxicity of LMK02 was investigated in 6 week old, specific pathogen free(SPF), Sprageu-Dawley rats. 3 female rats received 5,000 mg/10 ml/kg of test substance and their death rate, clinical sings, weight changes and autopsy findings had been observed for 2 weeks. Results : Any specific symptoms or death were resulted in this experiment. No significant changes in rats' weight. No significant differences in atopsy. Conclusions : The minimum lethal dose(MLD) of LMK02 for female Sprauge-Dawley rats were more than 5,000mg/kg in this experiment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1134-1141
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• 2011

Transmembrane protein 21 (TMP21) is a member of the p24 cargo protein family and has been shown to modulate ${\alpha}$-secretase-mediated A${\beta}$ production which was specifically observed in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to investigate whether TMP21 could affect nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor signaling pathway, the alteration of NGF receptors and their downstream proteins were detected in TMP21 over-expressed cells. CMV/hTMP21 vector used in this study was successfully expressed into TMP21 proteins in B35 cells after lipofectamin transfection. Expressed TMP21 proteins induced the down-regulation of ${\gamma}$-secretase complex components including Presenlin-1 (PS-1), PS-2, Nicastrin (NST), Pen-2 and APH-1. Also, the expression level of NGF receptor $p75^{NTR}$ and RhoA were significantly higher in CMV/hTMP21 transfectants than vehicle transfectants, while their levels returned to vehicle levels after NGF treatment. However, the phosphorylation of NGF receptor TrkA was dramtically decreased in NGF No-treated CMV/hTMP21 transfectants compared with vehicle transfectants, and increased in NGF treated CMV/hTMP21 transfectants. In TrkA downstream signaling pathway, the phosphorylation level of ERK was also decreased in CMV/hTMP21 transfectants, while the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in the same transfectants. Furthermore, NGF treatment induced the increase of phosphorylation level of Akt and ERK in CMV/hTMP21 transfectants. Therefore, these results suggested that over-expression of TMP21may simultaneously induce the up-regulation of $p75^{NTR}$/RhoA expression and the down-regulation of TrkA/ERK phosphorylation through the inhibition of ${\gamma}$-secretase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.355-364
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• 1969

Cross-hybridizations between DNA of two pseudomonads and a xanthomonad suggested that the three DNA types had a considerable section in common. The existence of this common part was proved by hybridization of preselected DNA, i.e. DNA resulting from a previous hybridization between any one set of two DNA types, with the third type. It was thus shown that about 50% of the DNA of the three organisms was similar. This common part was isolated in pure state and its % (G+C) was found to be indentical to the overall base composition of the native DNA. The evolutionary drift in % (G+C) could thus not be detected. The total molecular weight of the chromosornal DNA/bacterial nucleoid was determined to be 2.4 ${\times} 10^9$daltons. It can therefore be estimated that the common putida-fluorescenspelargonii DNA part consists of some 2,000 cistrons. P. putida and P. fluorescens share an additional 1,300 cistrons, and all xanthomonads share at least an additional 1,000 cistrons.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

Background: Owing to its high efficiency in lipid and protein production, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered one of most important crops world-wide. The kernels of peanuts are undoubtedly the most important product this plant, whereas the skin is almost completely neglected in nutraceutical terms. However, peanut skin contains potentially health-promoting phenolics and dietary fiber, and there is considerable potential for commercial exploitation. In this study, we evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of an extract of peanut skin (PS). Methods and Results: The α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of 80% ethanol extracts of peanut (A. hypogaea L. 'Sinpalkwang') skin were evaluated and found to have a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 1.2 ㎍/㎖. Progress curves for enzyme reactions were recorded spectrophotometrically, and the inhibition kinetics revealed time-dependent inhibition with enzyme isomerization. Furthermore, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry, we identified 26 compounds in the peanut skin extract, namely, catechin, epicatechin, and 24 proanthocyanidins. Conclusions: The results suggest that peanut skin can be utilized as an effective source of α-glucosidase inhibition in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.99-112
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the associations of Parent Stress Index(PS]). Way of Coping Checklist(WCC). and Diagnostic System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM) in mothers of elementary school children. Methods: In the study. K-PSI-SF. WCC. and DSOM were carried out on 202 mothers of O Oelementary school children during June. 2010. Cross tabulation analysis was used to verify the association of PSI. WCC and DSOM. Results: 1. The most common pathogenic factor was Dampness(濕) in total subjects. 2. The score of problem-focused coping methods showed significant difference in PSI grades. 3. The zp and sc10 of Qi deficiency(氣虛), Blood deficiency(血虛), Qi-Stagnation(氣滯), Insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), Heat(熱), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Liver(肝), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) showed significant difference in PSI grades. 4. The score of total PSI and PSI subscale had negative correlations with problem-focused coping methods 5. The score of total PSI had positive correlations with Qi-Stagnation (氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) in total subjects. Conclusions : This study provides insights on associations of parenting stress coping methods and diagnostic system in Oriental Medicine. Furthermore, the study shows positive correlations among Qi-Stagnation (氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), Kidney(腎) and PSI, and negative correlations between PSI and Problem-focused coping methods, all with statistical significance.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality properties of Meju prepared by inoculating two strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HJ5-2, and Aspergillus oryzae PS03. The three soybean varieties that include Daewonkong, Daechan, and Saedanbaek were used in this experiment. The fermentation temperature during the Meju aging varied at 20℃, 30℃, and 40℃, respectively. The physicochemical analysis of the soybeans, showed that the cured protein and fat contents were 34.83~43.49% and 12.91~18.90%, respectively. The pH and total acidity were 6.47~6.93 and 0.11~1.22%, respectively. The change in appearance of the Meju was that the yellow-green mold was well formed on seven days at fermentation temperature of 20℃ and 30℃, but at 40℃, there was minimal mold formation and cracking of the surface. The amino nitrogen content was highest on the Daechan Meju at 621.83 mg% for seven days. The amylase increased as the fermentation period increased in all samples, and the protease increased rapidly until the first day of the fermentation, and then gradually increased thereafter. The total number of bacteria increased or decreased as the fermentation proceeded to 6.66~10.07 log CFU/g. The mold counts increased with increasing fermentation period in the range of 6.38~8.79 log CFU/g.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.372-372
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• 2007

유기 발광 소자에서의 내장 전압을 변조 광전류를 이용하여 측정하였다. 내장 전압은 양극의 일함수와 음극의 일함수 차이에 해당한다. 실험적으로는 유기 발광 소자에 500W Xenon light(ORIEL Instruments 66021)로부터 나온 빛을 chopper(Stanford Research SR540)를 통해 유기 발광 소자에 조사시키면 소자에서 발생한다. 변조 광전류를 lock-in amplifier(Stanford Research SR530)를 이용하여 변조 광전류의 크기와 위상을 측정할 수 있다. 이때 변조 광전류 크기가 최소가 될 때의 외부 인가 전압을 내장 전압이라고 한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 소자의 구조는 양극/$Alq_3$/음극 구조이며, 양극으로는 ITO 혹은 ITO/PEDOT:PSS를 사용하였고, 음극으로는 Ba/Al을 사용하였다. 발광 층으로는 $Alq_3$(150nm)를 사용하였다. Ba층의 두께는 0nm에서 3nm까지 변화시켰다. Ba이 금속의 역할을 하기 위해서는 두께가 20nm 이상은 되어야 한다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 Ba의 두께가 최대 3nm이므로 금속의 역할은 하지 않을 것으로 예상되며, 음극의 일함수에 약간의 영향을 주었을 것으로 생각된다. 내장 전압은 ITO/$Alq_3$(150nm)/Ba/Al 소자 구조에서 1V를 얻었고, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/$Alq_3$(150nm)/Ba/Al 소자 구조에서는 2V로 나타났다. ITO와 Ba/Al 전극 사이에 PEDOT:PSS 층을 주입함으로써 내장 전압은 약 1V 증가하였다. 이것으로, Ba의 두께가 얇으면 음극의 전자 주입 장벽에 영향을 거의 미치지 않는다는 것을 알 수가 있다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.235-239
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• 2004

Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 70 gene promoter (Dhsp70p) is widely used in transgenic insect to drive exogenous gene, and the homologous region 3 from Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPVhr3) functions as an enhancer for several promoters. To test whether BmNPVhr3 can enhance the Dhsp70ps transcriptional activity, the reporter plasmids, which contain the Dhsp70p, the reporter $\beta$-galactosidase gene with SV40 terminator and BmNPVhr3 fragment, are constructed and transfected into the insect cell lines (Bm-N cells and Sf-21 cells) by lipofectin-mediated method. The results from the transient expression assay show that BmNPVhr3 significantly increases transcriptional activity of Dhsp70p both under the normal condition and under the heat-shock treatment, although the effects are significantly different between in Bm-N cells and in sf-21 cells. The enhancing behavior of BmNPVhr3 on the Dhsp70p is in an orientation-independent manner. Meanwhile, the effects of heat-shock treatment on Dhsp70p alone or Dhsp70p/BmNPVhr3 combination present no significant difference, indicating that BmNPVhr3 only enhances the transcriptional activity of Dhsp70p, but cant alter its characteristic of the response to the heat-shock stress. The above results suggest that the Dhsp70p/BmNPVhr3 combination is more effective one to drive exogenous gene for transgene or stable cell expression system in insects.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.70-80
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• 2013

Waste refrigerator is the most large amount of item being recycled and the recycling process is the most complicated in WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) because refrigerator is biggest product and consists of various parts and materials such as ferrous, non-ferrous, and plastics. Recently, recycling process of waste refrigerator has been being more complex since large capacity 2 door refrigerators and standing Kimchi refrigerators with various material are distributed on custom market. In addition, recycling of valuable resource from waste refrigerator is mandatory by WEEEs recycling legislation; therefore, high efficiency recycling enough for economic and environment-friendly recovery of valuable resource through present technical situation analysis and comparison of recycling technologies of waste refrigerator with advanced country.