• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2018

Purpose Since human brains catch images faster than texts or numbers, infographics has been widely used in business in the form of "information dashboard" to enhance the efficiency of decision-making. Groupware, however, has neglected the adoption and use of infographics, in particular, in the idea generation process. Given that an overall performance of groupware-based idea generation is no better than that of the (paper-and-pencil-based) Nominal Group Technique, Jung et al. (2010) adopted the notion of infographics in the form of performance feedback to solve the productivity paradox. With the consistent results, which demonstrate beneficial effects of infographics on performance enhancement, an interesting observation that groups with the bar chart treatment performed better than groups with the dot chart treatment was made. The main purpose of this study was to find if there were a performance consistency between the outcomes from the previous study and the outcomes from the current study. Design/methodology/approach In experiment 1, we employed the same system used in the previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). As individuals' contributions accumulated, the mechanism visually displayed individuals' performances two-dimensionally in the form of a bar chart or a dot chart. Then, we compared the performance outcomes from this study to the outcomes from previous study (i.e., Jung et al., 2010). In experiment 2, we modified the performance graph to test the effect of "playfulness" on performance by converting dots to car images. Then, we compared the performance outcome from experiment 2 to the outcomes from experiment 1. Findings Just like our interesting (and unexpected) finding in Jung et al.'s study (2010), the outcome confirmed a consistent superior performance of a bar chart. This implies that a bar chart is a better choice when stimulating performance with a visual aid in the context of groupware-based idea generation. Although a bar chart was criticized in a way that errors of length-area judgments are 40 ~ 250% greater than those of positional judgments along a common scale, such illusion turned out to be facilitating upward performance comparison better. Regarding Experiment 2, the outcome showed that the revised-dot graph is as good as the bar graph in terms of quantity and quality score of ideas. We attribute the performance enhancement of the resized-dot to the interaction between the motivational characteristic and the situational characteristic of playfulness because individuals in the revised-dot graph treatment performed better than individuals in the dot graph treatment. Given the order of performance (Bar >= Revised Dot > Dot) that the revised-dot treatment performed the same as (or lower than) the bar treatment, an additional research is warranted to reach to a consistent outcome.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 1982

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to achieve normal occlusion and good facial esthetics for individual patients. To produce harmonized facial balance, treatment planning for patient who require orthodontic treatment should include both a hard tissue and soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Author studied to derive the normal standards of soft tissue profile in Koreans by roentgenocephalometric analysis. For this study 12 soft tissue profile landmarks were plotted and 23 linear length, 9 soft tissue thickness, 8 vertical height length, 12 angles of soft tissue profile, and 3 vertical proportion were measured. The subjects consisted of 166 males and 209 females from 7 to 19 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profiles, and were divided into five groups according to age. The obtained results were as follows; 1. From the basis of N-Pog (Nasion-Pogonion) plane, the growth of facial soft tissue in the middle region especially nose area was greater than others facial region. 2. From the basis of G-Pog' (Glabella-soft tissue Pogonion) plane, the values of linear measurement of soft tissue Nasion and Inferior labial sulcus decreased and nose tip grew forward as growing older. 3. The growth of the facial soft tissue thickness was greatest in superior labial sulcus and the thickness of soft tissue nasion gradually became thinner as growing old. 4. The thickness of upper and lower lip was 14.47mm, 14.57mm in adulr male, 12.76mm, 13.78mm in adult female. 5. The soft tissue thickness of the lower lip was thicker than that of upper lip in all age groups and both sexes, 6. The vertical length of the upper and lower lips were 25.04mm, 49.97mm in adult male and 23.50mm, 48.39mm in adult female. 7. By the significant test, there were significant difference between male and female in fifth adult group on all vertical length measurements of lower face. 8. In fifth adult group, the perpendicular distance from LS, LI to Steiner's line and Ricketts' esthetic line were as follow; Steiner line to LS, LI were 7.98mm, 5.84mm in male. Steiner line to LS, LI were 6.71mm, 5.08mm in female. Ricketts' esthetic line to LS, LI were -0.40mm, 1.72mm in male. Ricketts' esthetic line to Ls, LI were -1.38mm 0.65mm in female. 9. In fifth adult group, the facial convexity angle and lower facial component angle were $171.17^{\circ}142.94^{\circ}$ in male and $172.5^{\circ}$, $144.41^{\circ}$ in female.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-23
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• 1975

A study on the variation of the air temperature in the pine mushroom box containing dry ice for the preservation of the freshness of the pine mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing. produced in Korea was made in Seoul, Korea during the period of August 1 to 30, 1975. A safe shipment of 5 kg (net weight) of fresh mushrooms with freshness preserved for 24 hours in August required the placement of 4.5 kg of dry ice-a half in the upper portion and the other half in the middle portion-in an airtight container (mushroom box). The container used for the shipment test, made of 3mm-thick double-layer cardboard, was of the dimensions : $0.33{\times}0.4{\times}0.5=0.066(m^3)$. As the temperature fell, decreased amounts of dry ice were needed : 3 to 2 kg in September and 1.5 to 0.3 kg in October. With this preservation method, large quantities of fresh mushrooms were exported to Tokyo ana Osaka, Japan without damage in the process of transportation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.292-300
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• 2016

This paper reports a descriptive correlation to explore the relationship among nursing professionalism, ego-resilience, and empowerment in nursing students. A convenience sample of 195 subjects were recruited from four colleges. Subsequently, a survey was conducted from March 1st to 31th 2016. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program, using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The mean value of the study was as follows: nursing professionalism, $3.84{\pm}.47$; ego-resilience, $3.51{\pm}.58$; and empowerment, $2.79{\pm}.51$. There were significant positive correlations among ego-resilience (r=.455, p<.001), empowerment (r=.325, p<.001), and nursing professionalism. Significant positive correlations between ego-resilience and empowerment were found (r=.696, p<.001). Hence, ego-resilience and empowerment were determined to be factors that influence nursing professionalism. Ego-resilience was more influential for nursing professionalism than empowerment. The regression model explained 23.0% of nursing professionalism. In conclusion, to increase nursing professionalism in nursing students, it is necessary to develop educational programs and strategies that focus on improving ego-resilience and empowerment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.226-235
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to investigate factors that affect the assessment of complications in diabetic eye and kidney diseases. Data was obtained from the National Community Health Survey, 2017. The subjects included were 25,829 respondents who had been diagnosed with diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors affecting associated diabetic eye disease (fundus examination) and kidney disease (microalbuminuria examination) complications. The diabetic eye disease complication rate was 35.6%, and diabetic kidney disease complication rate was 39.8%. Complications arising due to diabetes were determined to be 35.6% for eye diseases and 39.8% for kidney related diseases. Ed. Notes: The original sentence is not very lucid. I have suggested an alternate edit. I leave it to the author's discretion to accept or reject the same. Please delete whichever sentence is not suitable. Walking activity (OR=1.03, OR=1.02), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) recognition (OR=2.33, OR=2.33), blood glucose level recognition (OR=1.61, OR=1.71), diabetes drug therapy (OR=2.67, OR=3.05), and diabetic management education (OR=1.45, OR=1.47) were more likely to be evaluated for eye and kidney disease complications. Our results indicate that to increase the rate of screening for diabetic complications, it is necessary to develop a diabetes management system that includes the type and timing of diabetic complications, as well as different promotional methods that recognize HbA1C and blood glucose levels. Ed. Notes: Do you mean 'screening' methods? Please revise appropriately, if required. In addition, it is essential to develop a guideline for the management of diabetes mellitus, and to incorporate a screening test for diabetic complications in the national screening system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

This study examined the factors influencing the relationship between anger and happiness of university nursing students so that they can improve their happiness and perform their studies with better internalized values. The general characteristics, academic efficacy, self-directedness, self-resilience, anger scale, and subjective happiness of 401 nursing students were measured. The differences between these groups were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA tests. Correlations among academic efficacy, self-directedness, self-resilience and psychological states were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple group analysis was conducted for assessing the interaction effects of academic efficacy, self-resilience and self-directedness. Subjective happiness and predictors of the study (self-directedness and ego-resilience) were positively correlated with statistical significance. The lower the self-directedness was, the higher the subjective happiness that is reduced by anger was. The higher the self-elasticity, the lower the degree of the subjective happiness that is reduced by anger. Since the moderating effect of self-directedness has been demonstrated in the relationship between anger and happiness, it is necessary to consider instituting proper pedagogy so that the educational method of enhancing self-directedness can be reflected in the field of nursing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to identify factors affecting the mental health of nursing students, including career motivation, sense of humor, and problem-solving ability, and to provide data for improving mental health of nursing students. This research enrolled 235 nursing students in B and Y cities. Data were collected from October 22 to October 31, 2018, and analyzed by applying t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression, using the SPSS/WIN 22.0. The average score for mental health was determined to be 2.19±0.77. Ed. Negative correlation was obtained between mental health and career motivation (r=-0.443, p<0.001), mental health and sense of humor (r=0.400, p<0.001), and mental health and problem-solving ability (r=0.465, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that 33.4% variance in the mental health of nursing students is affected by gender (β=-0.121, p=0.033), pocket money (β=0.123, p=0.028), peer relation (β=0.165, p=0.004), sense of humor (β=-0.168, p=0.012), and problem-solving ability (β=-0.186, p=0.006). Data from this study indicates a necessity to repeat the study for identifying general characteristics and psychological factors that control an individual, and technical factors that can be acquired through learning. Taken together, we believe that the factors included and indicated in this study influence the mental health of nursing students.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.46-57
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to spectrophotometrically investigate the sealing effect of the ultrasonic canal obturation with softened gutta-percha utilizing an endosonic plugger by means of ultrasonic vibrations and heat. The 120 extracted human central and lateral incisors with single root were randomly selected, and the root canals were instrumented up to size #60 file by conventional method. The prepared canals were obtruated with gutta-percha by lateral condensation method, McSpadden technique and ultrasonic condensation method, with or without sealer. All specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue in an incubator at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The teeth were then dissolved in 5ml of 60% nitric acid solution and the dye present within the root canal system was returned to solution. The leakage of dye was quantitatively measured via spectrophotometric method. The obtained data statistically evaluated usint two-way ANOVA and Student's t-test. The results were as follows : No statistically significant difference in leakage was observed between the lateral condensation method and ultrasonic condensation method, with and without sealer. When sealer was used or not, McSpadden technique showed significantly greater leakage than lateral or ultrasonic condensation method. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that the canals obturated in conjunction with sealer demonstrated less dye leakage than the canals obturated without sealer(p<0.01), except McSpadden technique. The ultrasonic condensation method appeared comparable sealing ability to the lateral condensation method.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

Plate heat exchangers(PHE) have been commercialized since the 1920s. Since then, although the basic concept of PHEs has changed little, its design and construction have progressed significantly to accommodate higher temperatures, higher pressures, and large heat exchanging capacities. The development trend of PHEs is consistent with heat plate developments with better thermal efficiency, lower pressure drop, and good flow distribution. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the main development processes of a plate cooler for medium-speed engine lubricant oil cooling in vessels which is in line with the development trend of PHEs and to provide its thermal performance data that were found out during experimental tests. The plate cooler in this study cannot measure the wall temperatures directly due to its structural characteristics, so the heat transfer coefficients were calculated using the modified Wilson Plot method. The water-to-water tests were first conducted experimentally to figure out the characteristics of heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops on the water side and then the water-to-oil tests followed to obtain the heat transfer coefficients on the oil side. The test results showed that heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops on both water and oil side increased with flow rates, and it was also found that all the development targets of the plate cooler in this study were achieved successfully.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1998

Defining prediction variables related to metamemory for the adults in aging process has worthwhile meaning from the perspective that the produced results can be helpful to reducing the difficulty of memorizing efforts and it can also enhance quality of life of aged. This study attempted to analysis relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and meta memory for the subjects of middle age and old age adults. This study was designed by adopting descriptive correlational analysis method for the 468 middle and old age adults who are living in Seoul. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection was done over 1 month period in june 1998. The instruments used in this study were health status measuring scale including depression measuring scale, memory self efficacy measuring scale and metamemory measuring scale which were verified for reliability. Data collected were analized by using SPSS for frequency, Peason correlation, t-test and ANOVA according to the variables character and the study purposes. Results of the study were as follows. 1. Relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory. Relational analyses between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory supported the hypotheses of 1st, 2nd and 3rd(p < .01). These results suggested that the aged perceived great health status then their memory self-efficacy, and metamemory showed the high scores. In the case of depression when its level became decreased metamemory was inclined to increased. Thus, it is identified that strong relationship exists between these variables. 2. Perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy by subject's general characteristics. Scores of perceived health status were high in the group of man compared to the group of women, and also highly educated group showed great perceived health status. Group of persons having occupation showed high score of perceived health status and low depression score. The score of memory self-efficacy and metamemory showed higher in the middle aged than the old aged. The high scores of memory self-efficacy and metamemory were found in the group of highly educated people and who have continuing education. The high scores of memory self-efficacy were found in the group of persons having their job and high metamemory scores found in the group of persons having religion. In summary, the greater perceived health status and memory self-efficacy, the more metamemory scores were likely increased and the more depression level was decreased, the more metamemory was likely increased. Also it was found that general characteristics like educational level, continuing education and religion influenced the metamemory of the aged. Therefore, prevention the aged from getting depression and activation of health promotion are needed to delay time of memory loss.