• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of partially substituting meat meal for fish meal on the growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during the winter season. Twenty-five fish (initial body weight, 23 g) were distributed into twelve 250 L flow-through tanks. Four experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: the control, MM20, MM40, and MM60 diets. Sixty percent mackerel meal was used as the primary protein source in the control diet. Meat meal was substituted for 20, 40, and 60$\%$ of the mackerel meal in the MM20, MM40, and MM60 diets, respectively. Survival was not significantly affected by the experimental diets. However, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed the control, MM20, and MM40 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the MM60 diet (P<0.05). The feed efficiency ratio of fish fed the control, MM20, and MM40 diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the MM60 diet (P<0.05). The protein efficiency ratio for fish fed the control diet was significantly higher than that for fish fed the MM40 and MM60 diets (P$\%$ substitution of meat meal for fish meal in the diet could be implemented without a reduction in growth or deterioration of the feed efficiency of juvenile olive flounder during the winter season.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2005

동일연령군의 넙치 치어를 개체 크기별 4개의 group (small group, 체중 $1.3{\pm}0.23g;$ medium group, 체중 $3.1{\pm}0.45g;$ large group, 체중 $4.9{\pm}0.57g;$ ungraded group, 체중 $3.3{\pm}1.66g$)으로 나누어 8주동안 사육하면서 크기 선별이 어류의 성장, 사료효율 및 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험종료시 체중의 분포에 따른 소형 개체(체중 10 g)의 빈도는 크기 선별한 small group에 비해 ungraded group에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 실험 전기간동안의 일일성장률은 small group 및 large group에서 각각 최고치 및 최저치를 보였으며, medium group과 선별 group (small group; medium group; large group)의 pooled data는 ungraded group에 비해 높은 수치의 일일성장률을 나타내었다. (P<0.05). 사료섭취율은 ungraded group이 medium group 및 선별 group의 pooled data에 비해 높았던 반면, 사료효율에 있어서는 ungraded group이 이들에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그리고 ungraded group의 생존율은 93.3%로 99.3% 이상으로 나타난 다른 실험구들에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 크기가 작은 넙치는 큰 넙치가 없는 곳에서 유의하게 빠른 성장과 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 따라서 크기 선별은 넙치 치어(체중 1-5 g)의 성장과 생존율을 향상시키기 위해서 중요한 작업이 될 수 있다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2008

We estimated the digestibility and growth rate of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on three diets: raw fish-based moist pellets, moist pellets, and extruded pellets. The diets were created using commercially available methods, and a basic formulated powder. A reference diet was used to compare feed digestibility and the fish growth rate achieved using the experimental diets. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein for raw fish-based moist pellets and moist pellets were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for extruded pellets and the reference diet. The ADCs of nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) of extruded pellets and moist pellets were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for raw fish-based moist pellets and the reference diet. Fish that were fed with the raw fish-based moist pellets showed the greatest weight gain (452.4%), which was not significantly different from that of fish fed with extruded pellets (414.4%; P>0.05). These results indicate that the higher protein efficiency in fish fed with extruded pellets can result in good growth performance within flounder culture systems.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four experimental diets were made by supplementation with three Bacillus sp. probiotics (B. subtilis, B. pumilus and B. licheniformis) into a basal diet (control) at 0.5% each. Three-hundred fish (average BW, 20 g) were randomly distributed (25 per tank) into twelve 150 L capacity polyvinyl circular tanks with three replicates per dietary treatment. Triplicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (twice per day, 09:00 and 17:00 h) for nine weeks. After the feeding trial, a challenge test was directly conducted against S. iniae. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with the probiotic, Bacillus sp, seemed to improve growth performance of olive flounder. Hematological parameters and innate immunity as determined by nitroblue tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase or superoxide dismutase activities were not significantly affected by the probiotic supplementation. The result from the challenge test suggested that dietary supplementation with probiotics Bacillus sp. can improve the disease resistance of olive flounder against S. iniae.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.810-817
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• 2014

Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded pellet (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) in the juvenile (experiment I) and sub-adult (experiment II) stages of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The fish were distributed randomly to three aquarium tanks, as a group of 1,200 fish (initial mean weight $13.5{\pm}1.76g$) in experiment I, and as a group of 390 fish (initial mean weight $385{\pm}15.3g$) in experiment II. In experiment I, the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival of fish fed EP were all significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. In experiment II, no significant differences were observed in weight gain, specific growth rate and survival between the EP and MP groups. However, the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. The results of this study indicate that EP could be developed to replace MP for market size production of olive flounder without any adverse effects on the growth performance. The dietary formulation used in this study could be used as an appropriate feed for olive flounder.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2010

본 실험은 치어기 넙치 사료 내 셀레노이스트 첨가에 따른 영향을 평가하기 위하여 조직학적반응을 살펴보았다. 사료 내 셀레늄은 각각 0ppm, 1ppm, 3ppm 및 5ppm의 총 4개 실험구로 설정하였으나 실험사료 분석을 통하여 사료내 셀레늄의 함량은 각각 0.56, 1.07, 2.86 및 4.56 mg Se/kg으로 나타났다. ($Se_{0.56}$, $Se_{1.07}$, $Se_{2.86}$, 및 $Se_{4.56}$). $Se_{1.07}$ 실험구의 신장에서 사구체의 혈구세포가 점진적인 팽창을 보여주고, 일부 세뇨관의 상피세포들의 파열도 나타나기 시작하였으며 대식세포도 점차적으로 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. $Se_{0.56}$ 실험구의 간에서 정상적인 형태를 갖추고 있다. 농도가 증가될수록 모세 혈관 내 혈구의 팽창, 췌장 효소원 과립의 감소, 간세포의 팽창이 점진적으로 진행되는 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 $Se_{1.07}$ 실험구에서 일부 비정상적인 새판을 가지는 것으로 나타났으나 Se0.56 실험구와 크게 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 세 기관의 조직학적 연구에서 치어기 넙치 사료내 첨가제로서 셀레노이스트의 적정 첨가량은 1.07 mg/kg 이하 수준이 적당한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2006

본 실험은 사료 내 스피룰리나와 아스타잔틴의 첨가가 겨울철 저수온기 넙치 치어의 성장과 조직 내 항산화활성 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 총 180마리의 치어기 넙치(초기 평균무게, $27.8{\pm}0.3g$)를 3반복으로 12개의 수조에 배치하였다. 4가지 실험사료는 기초사료를 이용한 대조구와 기초사료에 아스타잔틴을 0.5% 첨가한 AST사료, 스피룰리나를 0.5% 첨가한 SPI사료, 그리고 아스타잔틴과 스피룰리나를 각각 0.5% 씩 혼합하여 첨가한 AST+SPI사료로 제조되었다. 6주간의 사육실험 후, 사료 내 스피룰리나와 아스타잔틴을 첨가한 실험구의 성장률, 일간성장률, 사료효율, 단백질전환효율, 혈액분석 및 전어체분석 결과에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 항산화활성도를 위한 실험사료와 간에서의 DPPH 저해활성 분석결과에서도 모든 실험구 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지않았다. 분석결과에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 스피룰리나 첨 가구에서 대조구보다 높은 DPPH 저해활성 경향을 보였으며, 생존율은 아스타잔틴 첨 가구에서 84.4%, 대조구에서 60.0%를 보였다. 본 실험 결과, 사료 내 스피룰리나와 아스타잔틴의 0.5%첨가는 넙치치어의 성장과 사료효율, 혈액성상, 체성분 등에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2010

This study determined the proper inclusion levels of squid liver powder (SLP) - soy protein concentrate (SPC) premix as a fish meal (FM) substitute in the diet for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). All the experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.1 kJ energy $g^{-1}$ diet). Five diets were formulated with SLP-(SPC) replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the FM (SLP $(SPC)_0$, SLP $(SPC)_25$, SLP $(SPC)_50$, SLP $(SPC)_75$, and SLP $(SPC)_100$, respectively). Triplicate groups of 12 fish averaging $5.56{\pm}0.10\;g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed one of the five experimental diets for 7 weeks. The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_50$, SLP $(SPC)_75$ and SLP $(SPC)_100$, while those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ and SLP $(SPC)_25$ were similar. The whole-body crude protein content of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_50$, SLP $(SPC)_75$, and SLP$(SPC)_100$, while those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ and SLP $(SPC)_25$ were similar. The whole-body crude lipid of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_50$ and SLP $(SPC)_75$, while those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$, SLP $(SPC)_25$ and SLP $(SPC)_100$ were similar. Based on the fish growth performance results obtained from this study, the SLP (SPC) premix can substitute up to 25% of the FM in the diets of juvenile olive flounder.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2013

This study evaluated fermented soybean meal (FSM) as a fish meal (FM) replacement and determined the appropriate amount of FSM in juvenile olive flounder diet. Twenty-four aquaria with a flowing-water system were stocked with fish averaging 20.9 g at a density of 25 fish/tank. Five experimental diets were prepared replacing FM with 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40% FSM based on FM protein (designated $FSM_{0}$, $FSM_{10}$, $FSM_{20}$ $FSM_{30}$, and $FSM_{40}$, respectively). Two additional diets were prepared that replaced 30 or 40% of the FM with FSM with added amino acids (methionine and lysine) (designated $FSM_{30+AA}$, and $FSM_{40+AA}$, respectively). Fish (triplicates) were fed one of the eight experimental diets (50% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy $g^{-1}$ diet) for 8 weeks. Survival did not differ among the treatments during the feeding experiment. There were no significant differences in weight gain (WG) or specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed diets with up to 30% of the FM replaced. However, fish fed $FSM_{40}$ or $FSM_{40+AA}$ had a reduced WG and SGR, as compared to $FSM_0$ (control) (P < 0.05). The feed efficiency and apparent digestibility showed a similar trend (P < 0.05). The proximate composition in the whole body of fish differed only between the control and $FSM_{40}$ for the crude protein level and between the control and $FSM_{30+AA}$ for the crude lipid level. The whole-body amino acid composition did not differ among treatments. No significant differences were found between the diet groups with and without amino acid supplementation, indicating that amino acid supplementation had no effect. The major finding of this study is that fermented soybean meal may replace up to 30% of fish meal without amino acid supplementation for normal growth of juvenile olive flounder.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fishmeal replacement with acid-concentrated soybean meal (ACSBM) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and ingredient digestibility in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Six experimental diets were formulated to replace fishmeal protein with ACSBM at 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% (designated ACSBM0, ACSBM20, ACSBM30, ACSBM40, ACSBM50, and ACSBM60, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (initial fish mean weight: $14.3{\pm}0.03g$) were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (twice daily at 08:00 and 18:00 h). After a 12-week feeding trial, a total of 180 healthy fish were randomly distributed into three Guelph system tanks at a density of 60 fish/tank (initial fish mean weight : $50.6{\pm}2.4g$) to test the apparent digestibility coefficients of the ingredients (ACSBM, fishmeal, and soybean meal). Although negative effects were observed with ACSBM40, ACSBM50 and ACSBM60 after 12 weeks of feeding, up to 20% of the fishmeal protein could be successfully replaced with ACSBM without significant growth depression. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values of fish fed the ACSBM50 and ACSBM60 diets were significantly lower than those of fish fed the ACSBM0 diet. Glucose values of fish fed the ACSBM60 diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the ACSBM0 and ACSBM20 diets. Digestibility of protein in ACSBM and soybean meal was 85.9% and 82.5%, respectively. Results indicated that at least 20% of fishmeal protein can be replaced by ACSBM in diets of juvenile olive flounder without supplementation of limiting amino acids.