• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.286-289
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• 2017

This study was designed to clarify the effect of juniper essential oil on the autonomic nervous system. Blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) reflecting autonomic nervous system activity were measured. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were decreased by inhalation of juniper essential oil. High frequency (HF) power level, an indicator of parasympathetic nervous system activity was increased in the stimulation of juniper essential oil. High frequency/low frequency (HF/LF) ratio, an indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity was decreased by the juniper essential oil. These results suggest that juniper essential oil has a modulatory effect on the autonomic nervous system activity.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

In previous studies, heat shock has been reported to induce the apoptosis or programmed cell death through the activation of caspase-3. 1 investigated the effect of juniper pure essential oil on the heat shock-induced apoptosis in human astrocyte cell line CCF-STTGI. Treatment of the astrocytes with heat shock markedly induced apoptotic cell death. However, pretreatment of the astrocytes with juniper oil ingibited the heat shock-induced apoptosis. To determine whether juniper inhibits the heat shock-induced activation of these apoptotic proteases, activation of CPP32 was assessed by Western blotting. Consistent with flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation and giemsa staining, heat shock-induced activation of CPP32 was blocked by juniper oil. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cysteine protease substrates were fragmented as a consequence of apoptosis by heat shock. Juniper oil inhibited the PARP fragmentation. This juniper oil also inhibited the heat shock-induced activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that juniper oil may modulate the apoptosis through the activation of the interleukin-1-converting enzyme-like protease.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2020

A juniper pocket rot fungus, Pyrofomes demidoffii is a basidiomycetous fungus responsible for damage of living Juniperus spp. However, its effect on the residual strength and on the extent of decay of juniper's trunk was not determined in any prior studies. The purpose of this study was to study the features of J. procera infected by P. demdoffii, and to estimate the level of strength loss and decay severity in the trunk at D.B.H height using different five formulas. Infected juniper stands were examined in two Ethiopian forests through Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) followed by a slight destructive drilling of the trunk at D.B.H height. The decayed juniper tree is characterized by partially degraded lignin material at incipient stage of decay to completely degraded lignin material at final stage of decay. In the evaluated formulas, results of ANOVA showed that a significantly higher mean percentage of strength loss and decay severity were recorded in the trees of larger D.B.H categories (p<0.001). The strength loss formulas produced the same to similar patterns of sum of ranks of strength loss or decay severity in the trunk, but the differences varied significantly among D.B.H categories in Kruskal Wallis-test (p<0.001). In conclusion, the employed formulas showed similar to different degree of variability in quantification of strength loss or decay severity in the trunk. The findings of our study could be used as the baseline for further study on juniper's strength loss or decays in the trunk of Juniperus spp. and unequivocally helps to design the corresponding management as result of P. demidoffii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.795-800
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• 2003

Juniper seed oil extracted by steam distillation has been a useful material as a medicine, insect repellant, and flavorant for alcoholic beverages. As the result of juniper seed oil analysis, the acid value, saponification value, unsaponification value phosphorus contents, and refractive index were 91.04, 85.15, 15.52, 11.04 ppm, 1.47, respectively The content of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were 85.4%, 12.2% and 2.4%, respectively. From the fatty acids analysis, the major fatty acids from the juniperseed harvested in August were lauric acid (31.9% ), palmitic acid (28.0% ), stearic acid (9.9%), and oleic acid (8.5%) . However, maturated seed oil harvested in October mainly consists of linoleic acid (47.6%), linolenic acid (17.6%), oleic acid (16.1%), and palmitic acid (11.9%). Upon these analyses, fatty acids composition of juniper seed oil depends on the seed maturation. According to volatile compounds analyses of essential oil extracted using steam distillation method and SPME, the major compounds were $\beta$-myrcene, $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-farnescene, $\beta$-cubebene, limonene, trans-caryo-phyllene, $\alpha$-terpinolene, camphene, sabinene, and $\beta$-pinene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2000

The feeding preference of cigarette beetles, Lasioderma serricorne F., was tested using various leaf litters. The number of the trapped L. serricome was 45.25$\pm$10.44 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., 23.50$\pm$6.0 at chinese juniper, Juniperus chinensis L., 1l.75$\pm$4.99 at oak, Qqercus acutissiuma C., and 1l.50$\pm$2.52 at rice-straw, (Oryza. sativa L.). The response of oviposition was 93.20$\pm$26.22 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, 53.60$\pm$11.82 at chinese juniper, 48.20$\pm$20.90 at oriental arborvitae, Thuja orientalis L., 31.80$\pm$18.10 at cherry-tree, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea M., and 29.40$\pm$13.7 at rice-straw. However, the oviposition was respectively low at gingko, Ginkgo biloba L.,(5.40$\pm$2.97), turf grass, Zoysia japonica S., (5.20$\pm$13.7), and oak (3.00$\pm$l.41). The augmentation was maximum at chinese juniper (27.33$\pm$19.44 of emerged adults) followed by Magnolia obovata (8.50$\pm$9.33). Fifty percent of the tested species leaf litters including cherry-tree did not show any augmentation. The adult activities after hibernation were primarily found in May and June at Kwangju and Suwon, and in April at Chungju. The field activity of L. serricome at Suwon was mostly lower than that at other places, except in August at Chungju. The first appearance of L. serricome was observed earlier at Chungju and Kwangju than at Suwon, and the frequency of insect appearance was high in July, August, and September. L. serricome could hibernate by feeding on many kinds of plant leaf litters and it's population could be maintained in the open field in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.4 s.53
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• pp.207-210
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• 1982

The studies were carried out to examine susceptibility or resistance of junipers as an inform ediate host of pear rust, to select effective fungicides to pear and juniper rust, and to determine their application time. The telia were formed abundanty on Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka, moderately on J. chinensis, J. chinensis var. sargentii and J. virginiana, but little on J. chinensis var. globosa and J. utilis. The telia from the junipers were pathogenic to pear. Spraying juniper host with the fungicide Actidione in the 1st and End parts of April greaty inhibited swelling of telia as well as germination of teliospores. The two or three applications of Bayleton at the end of April to May 10 were remarkably effective for the control of pear rust. Fungicide sprays just before rain were more effective than those after rain.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2012

Leaf surface structures were investigated in the Chinese juniper Juniperus chinensis by scanning electron microscopy. Adult scale leaves were collected from the tree, air-dried at room temperature, and sputter-coated with gold without further specimen preparation. Approximately fi ve stomata were locally distributed and arranged in clusters on the leaf surface. Stomata were ovoid and ca. 40 ${\mu}m$ long. The epicuticular wax structures of J. chinensis leaves were tubules and platelets. Numerous tubules were evident on the leaf regions where stomata were found. The tubules were cylindrical, straight, and ca. 1 ${\mu}m$ in length. They almost clothed the stomatal guard cells, and occluded the slit-shaped stomatal apertures. Moreover, the wax ridges were flat crystalloids that were connected to the surface by their narrow side. They did not have distinct edges, and their width/height ratio varied. In particular, the wax ridges could be discerned on the leaf regions where stomata were not present nearby. Since the wax ridges did not have distinct edges on their margin, they were identified as platelets. Instances were noted where platelets were oriented either parallel to each other or perpendicular to the cuticle surface. These results can be used in biomimetics to design the hierarchical structures for mimicking the plant innate properties such as hydrophobicity and self-cleaning effects of the leaf surface.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.1 s.42
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• pp.39-44
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• 1980

The outbreak of the pear rust caused by Gymnosporangium haraenum SYDOW has increased gradually since 1973, and amounted to 60.3 percent infection of leaves in 1975. But it has reduced due to regulation of juniper plantings by Plant Protection Law enacted in 1974. The teliospores of C. haraeanum germinated from middle of April to middle of May under natural condition. The germination of teliospores was observed 5 day earlier under laboratory condition with the artificial rainfall than that of natural condition. It was required considerable rainfall and longer than 3hr rainy period to germinate teliospores after being matured. Infection of rear leaves took place in the rain or just after the rain, but not after 24hr. The incubation period of G. haraeanum on the leaf was 9 to 10 days. In case that the distance between orchard and juniper trees was less than loom, almost all of the pears were infected, but the chance oft infection reduced in proportion as the distance increased. No infection occurred at the distance of further than 2000m.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.61-64
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• 1969

By way of paper chromatography, free sugars in pycnial drops of Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow were investigated in regard of their biochemical interrelation with free sugars of Chinese juniper and pear leaf. The free sugar in pycnial drops of Gynnosporangium haraeanum Sydow were identified to only Fructose spot. Free sugars in Chinese juniper leaf were identified to Glucose. Galactose and two unknown spots. Free sugars of another sample in pear leaf were identified to spots of Glucose, Furctose and Galactose. The Arbutin from pear leaf was crystalized and its structure was identified to Glucose and Hydroquinone. The acetone powder of Emulsin was incubated for 1 hour at $40^{\circ}C$ with 0.05 M Arbutin substrate in test tube and purified by general method with the purpose of analysis of its. metabolic products. And the paper chromatographic analysis showed it to be Glucose spot. From the above results, this Fructose in pycinal drops of Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow is presumed to be the exchangeable from free sugars in pear leaf or to be the hydrolyzed of $\beta-glycoside$ (Arbutin)-the metabolic isomerization of Glucose into Fructose by pycnia isomerase.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.512-523
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• 2022

Random delay countermeasures introduce random delays into the execution flow to break the synchronization and increase the complexity of the side channel attack. A novel method for attacking devices with random delay countermeasures has been proposed by using a maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT)-based power trace alignment algorithm. Firstly, the random delay in the power traces is sensitized using MODWT to the captured power traces. Secondly, it is detected using the proposed random delay detection algorithm. Thirdly, random delays are removed by circular shifting in the wavelet domain, and finally, the power analysis attack is successfully mounted in the wavelet domain. Experimental validation of the proposed method with the National Institute of Standards and Technology certified Advanced Encryption Standard-128 cryptographic algorithm and the SAKURA-G platform showed a 7.5× reduction in measurements to disclosure and a 3.14× improvement in maximum correlation value when compared with similar works in the literature.