• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.242-254
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• 2008

The chemical composition and content of essential oils extracted by ASTM standard D 889-93 method from the leaves of thirty introduced varieties in Perilla frutescens Britton var. japonica $H_{ARA}$ was investigated and compared. The oil was analysed by gas chromatography. More than forty compounds were found and thirteen compounds were identified. The major three constituents representing about $56{\sim}88%$ of total oil were shown caryophyllene and 2 unknown oils in 25 varieties. The chemical composition and content had much differences in each of varieties. This result seemed to be corresponding to introduce that varieties had diverse essential oils.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 2007

We have only one type of forest fertilizer involved a composition ratio of 12:16:4% (N:P:K). It is required to develop new fertilization ratios which are suitable to soil environmental conditions and seedling growth characteristics. This study was carried out to determine change of seedlings growth on different fertilizer composition ratios. Two coniferous seedlings (2-year old Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., 2-year old Larix leptolepis Gordon) and two deciduous seedlings (2-year old Quercus acutissima Carruth., 1-year old Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara) were planted in pots (about 30 l) and the seedling growth responses after composition ratio treatments (N:P:K, 2:2:1, 3:4:1, 3:8:1, 6:4:1, 3:4:2, control) with 30g fertilizer were measured for three-year study period. Growth of height and root collar diameter of two coniferous seedlings was highest in 3:8:1 ratio compared with other fertilizer composition treatments or control, while there was not significantly different among fertilizer composition ratios except for 2:2:1 and 3:4:1 ratios. Height growth of two deciduous seedlings was highest in 3:8:1 ratio compared with other fertilizer composition treatments or control, while growth of root collar diameter showed the highest values in 6:4:1 ratio. The results indicated that the growth of four tree seedling types were better in 3:8:1 or 6:4:1 ratios than in 2:2:1 or 3:4:1 ratios.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2015

Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara was collected from farmland in Seongju-gun. Fifteen endophytic fungal strains with different colony morphologies were isolated from roots of P. frutescens. Waito-c rice seedlings were treated with the concentrated culture filtrates (CF) of endophytic fungi for observation of their plant growth-promoting activities. In the results, the CF of Y2H001 fungal strain promoted the growth of the waito-c rice seedlings. The phylogenetic tree of Y2H001 strain was analyzed by the combined sequences of the partial internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial betatubulin gene. Molecular and morphological studies identified the Y2H001 strain as belonging to Aspergillus flavus. In gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the CF of Y2H001 strain, gibberellic acid (GA) was detected and quantified. Therefore, we describe Y2H001 strain as a new $GA_3$-producing A. flavus based on morphological, molecular characteristics and analysis of secondary metabolite.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 1992

To investigate changes in fatty acid and lipid composition of maturing perilla(Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara) seeds, Suweon 10 and Jeju varieties were subjected to lipid analysis. The results were summarized as follows; As perilla seeds matured, content of ether-extractable lipids increased continuously to 46.3% in Suweon and 24.0% in Jeju. In ether-extractable lipids of mature perilla seeds, palmitic acid was $9.4{\sim}18.2%$, stearic acid $2.2{\sim}5.1%$, oleic acid $19.1{\sim}32.7%$, linoleic acid $12.4{\sim}15.3%$ and linolenic acid $30.6{\sim}54.1%$ of total fatty acid. Therefore, major fatty acid were unsaturated In mature seeds while those were saturated in the early stage of seed development. As perilla seeds matured, content of neutal lipids in total lipids increased. Neutral lipids of mature seed was 70.1% in Suweon 10 and 51.5% in Jeju, respectively. Triglycerides, free fatty acid and diglycerides were major components of ether-extractable neutral lipids. Triglyceride, which showed relatively rapid increase in the early stage of development, increased to 61.4% in Suweon 10 and 68.2% in Jeju, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 1992

To investigate changes in fatty acid and lipid composition of maturing perilla (Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara) seeds, Suweon 10 and Jeju varieties were subjected to lipid analysis. The results were summarized as follows; As perilla seeds matured, content of glycolipid and phospholipid decreased. Glycolipid and phospholipid of mature seed were 25.4% and 4.5% of total lipids in Suweon 10 and those from Jeju were 44.5%, 4.0%, respectively. Cerebroside, galatosyl diglyceride and monogalatosyl diglyceride were major constitutents of ether-extractable glycolipids in developing perilla seeds. Monogalatosyl diglyceride, the richest constitutent in the early stage of seed development, decreased rapidly as seeds matured. In ether-extractable glycolipid of mature Suweon 10 seeds, content of linolenic acid was 51.1% which was higher than 19.4% of oleic acid of total acids. However, in Jeju variety, content of oleic acid was 31% which was higher than 18.6% of linolenic acid. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol and lysophosphatidyl inositol were major constituents of phospholipids. Content of phosphatidyl glycerol in developing seeds showed irregular changes in Jeju but in Suweon 10, it decreased after rapid increase in the early stage of seed development. Olieic acid ranges $28.7{\sim}35.2%$, linolenic acid $8.2{\sim}11.2%$, linoleic acid $16.4{\sim}32.5%$ and Palmitic acid $22.7{\sim}29.9%$ of total fatty acids in methanol-ertractible phospholipid of mature perilla seeds.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate residual organochlorine pesticides in green house soil and green perilla leaves. Extraction and clean-up method were developed using the modified QuEChERS method for residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in soil and green perilla leaves. Recovery and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ROCPs in greenhouse soil and green perilla leaves were 76.3-113.4 and 79.4-107.3%, 0.03-0.24 and $0.33-0.50{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in greenhouse soil were dieldrin and endosulfan sulfate, the residue were 1.6-9.2 and $22.0-87.8{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But two pesticides in all green perilla leaf samples were not detected. These results showed that ROCPs residue in greenhouse soil was lower than the level of bioaccumulation occurring.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2000

As a result of studing on the "shashen(沙蔘)", we could reach conclusions as follows. 1. Shashen is the root of "lunyeshashen(潤葉沙蔘)", "kuoyeshashen(闊葉沙蔘)", and its same generic plants that belong to Companulaceae. In china people has used twenty-four species as a shashen together with other generic plants, in korea sixteen species as a shashen. 2. At first, in the "Shen Nong's Herbal(神農本草經)" it was recorded and then in the "Benchingfengyuan(本經逢原)" divided into "nanshashen(南沙蔘)" and "beishashen(北沙蔘)". Recently, nanshashen called shashen belongs to Companulaceae and have strong efficacies of clearing away heat from lung, resolving phlegm, beishashen belongs to Umbelliferae and have strong efficacies of nourishing stomach, nourishing yin. 3. Shashen is the root of Adenophora stricta Miq., and yangru(羊乳) is that of Codonopsis lauceolata Bentham et Hooker, jini is that of Adenophora remotiflora (SIEBOLD et ZUCCARINI.) MIQUEL. From a efficacious point of view, it is the characteristics that shashen have efficacies of nourishing yin and clearing away heat from lung, supplementing stomach and promoting production of body fluid, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, eliminating pus and abscess, expelling wind and pruritus, jini have those of clearing away heat and toxic material, resolving phlegm and yanru have those of nourishing yin and moistening lung, resolving phlegm and eliminating pus, clearing away heat and toxic material, stimulating milk secretion. 4. After being recorded as "zhimu(知母)" in Shen Nong's Herbal, the alias of shashen was recorded as kuxin(苦心), shimei(識美), huxu(虎須), baishen(白參), zhiqu(志取), wenhu(文虎), baolishen(保利參), paoshen(泡參), jibantui(鷄半腿), yangponai(羊婆妨) and so on. Moreover shashen was named after its characteristics of that it grows well in the sandy soil and as a wushen(五參) with a renshen(人蔘) its form is different from that of wushen but their chief virtues are alike. 5. In the numerous medical books, xinyeshashen(杏葉沙蔘) regarded as nanshashen. It was called as the alias of jini, so I thouhgt that it was wrong xinyeshashen to be regarded as nanshashen. 6. It was used shashen for renshen, renshen was used to treat lung-cold syndrome by its efficacy of tonifying yang and shashen lung-heat syndrome by its efficacy of nourishing yin, the reasons of that because shashen had amount of sap, its properies and flavours of herbs are light and clean. 7. The constituents of shashen were essential oil, starch, shashen-saponin, furocoumarin, xanthotoxin(ammoidin), inulin, sugar, mucus and have efficacies of resolving phlegm, promoting production of body fluid, immunomodulational and antibiotic efficacies. above results indicated that the origin of shashen and substitutional plants was various. Their efficacies are somewhat alike, but there were characteristic efficacies each other. Nowadays they are used together with, so we should know the characteristic efficacies of them and then we using them clinically, more deep discrimination and experimental support shoud be accomplished.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.317-325
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• 2006

According to the preceding survey on insect pests of the green perilla, Perilla frutescens var. japonica HARA, The major pests were Aphis egomae Shinji, Pyrausta panopealis (Walker), Tetranychus urticae Koch, Polyphagotarsonemus lotus Banks, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida at Guemsan, Chungnam, 2004. Aphis egomae causes nearly 100% injury of the green perilla in uncontrolled green houses. A field study was conducted to estimate economic injury levels (EILs) and control thresholds (CTs) for A. egomae injuring green perilla in green houses. Different densities of A. egomae ranged from 1 to 80 aphids per 100 plants in early inoculation. The mean injurying rate of plant was 2.4% to 40.5% at the end of June at differently inoculated levels. The economic loss time calculated by the ratio of cost managing aphid to market price (C/V) (C: cost managing aphid, V: Market price) in early season (from May to 13. June) was 5.8% and in peak season (from 13. June to 30. June) was 9.3%. Economic injury level in early and peak season was 5.3 aphids per plant and economic injury levels in peak season were 0.6 aphids per plant and 7.6% injured rate of plant. The control thresholds calculated by 80% level of economic injury level in peak season were 0.5aphids per plant and 6.1% injury rate of plant, respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

Objective : We aimed to identify the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of Sabaek-san(瀉白散) and Sabaeksan plus Sasam(Adenophorae Radix) 瀉白散加沙蔘) on the mRNA expressions of Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) involved in the asthma model. Materials and Methods : Through this study, BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells were used. These cells were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ and histamine for artificial inflammatory expression. ${\beta}$-action messenger RNA(mRNA) was used for standards. After each 24hours of Sabaeksan and Sabaeksan plus Sasam treatment, total cellular RNAs were collected by treating RNA zol directly on living cells, Then the transcriptional activities of IL-6, 8 and GM-CSF were measured by RT-PCR with electrophoresis, Results : The mRNA expressions of IL-6 are significantly inhibited compared to those of controlled group at 40 and 100ug/ml of Sabaeksan extract and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract (p<0.05). The mRNA expressions of IL-8 are significantly inhibited compared to that of controlled group at 2.40 and 100 ug/ml of Sabaeksan extract and $40.100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract(p<0.05) THe mRNA expressions of GM-CSF are significantly inhibited compared to those of the controlled group at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan extract adn $40.100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract.(p<0.05) Conclusions : This study shows that Sabaeksan and Sabaeksan plus Sasam have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF in human epithelial cells. Therefore, these types of herb medicine may inhibit the inflammatory process of asthma. Advanced studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of inhibition by herb medicine in the asthma model.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Seed of perilla (Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara) is short-lived in conventional storage conditions. For long-term conservation of plant species, cryopreservation is the method currently available. This study was performed to find out reliable methods for a long-term storage of seeds of perilla as a genetic resource. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using seeds of 9 perilla cultivars, the effects of desiccation, aging, and cryopreservation on seed germinability and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the seeds were investigated. Initial germinability of the seeds was various, and dry seeds of all cultivars survived cryopreservation without loss of viability. The highest germination was achieved at 4-5% moisture content, and stimulatory effect of cryogenic temperature on the seed germination was observed in some cultivars. Accelerated aging of perilla seeds led to reduction in germination and ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the susceptibility of seeds to aging was different among the tested cultivars. No significant difference in germination was observed for the aged seeds of control and liquid nitrogen exposed. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that cryopreservation at 4-5% moisture content would be a suitable method for long-term conservation of perilla seeds without detrimental effects on germination.