• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2004

Morphological and genetic diversity of thirty nine safflower germplasm were collected and evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Stem length and seeding to flowering days of the safflower germplasm showed $26\~117cm\;and\;76\~179$ days of variation respectively. USA originated germplasm showed higher oil content as $39\%$, but that of Japanese showed lower as $26\%$. PCA made three different cluster groups according to some agronomic characteristics of safflower. Korea originated germplasm showed similar cluster group with that of collected from USA in the PCA of stem length. But in the seeding to flowering days, it showed similar cluster pattern with that of collected from Japan rather than USA. In the experiment of RAPD analysis, total five primers showed polymorphism at the several chromosomal loci. Korea, China Japan and South Central Asia originated germplasm were differently classified with USA and South West Asia originated germplasm with lower similarity coefficient value (0.47). Most of Korea originated germplasm were grouped with South Central Asia originated germplasm with higher similarity coefficient value (0.74) conferring similar genetic background between both of them. China and Japan originated germplasm were dendrogramed with Korea originated germplasm at the 0.65 and 0.50 similarity coefficient values respectively. Some common results were expected from both of PCA and RAPD analysis, but lower genetic heritability caused by relative higher portion of environmental variance and environment by genotype interaction at the expression of those of agronomic characteristics made constraint to find any reliable results.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2013

In order to evaluate a feasibility of industrial art use of veneer such as cylindrical laminated veneer lumber, the veneers of 4 species of Korean pine, radiata pine, yellow poplar and Japanese cypress were natural dye-colored and clear finished. Natural dyes were red color originated from sappanwood, blue color from polygonum indigo, and yellow color from Amur cork tree and gardenia. the clear coats of crack seal clear and UV protection oil were applied on the dyed veneer. The dyeing and finishing characteristics through fading test were summarized as follows; In non-dyed and non-finished Korean pine veneer, lightness was decreased and yellow and red hues increased after fading test. In natural dyed- and finished-veneer, color difference of gardenia-mixed Amur cork tree was generally highest, and that of polygonum indigo was lowest. Compared to non-treatment of veneers of Korean pine and yellow poplar, color difference decreasing effect by finishing was shown in crack seal clear and UV protection oil. In addition, UV protection oil was more favorable than crack seal clear with more decreased color difference. In result, maximum values of color difference after fading for 8 days were recorded about 16 to 20, which are remarked 'very much' of 12.1 or more when reviewing with 'National bureau of standards unit in USA'.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2003

To get improved soil parameters in the laboratory tests, the effects of sample disturbance should be excluded as much as possible. A collaborative research between Dong-A University and PHRI (Japan) was conducted to investigate the effects of sample disturbance due to sampling techniques and samplers on Pusan clays. The results of unconfined compression and consolidation tests performed on the clay samples taken by them have been compared in terms of soil parameters and sample disturbance. As the result of the study, it was found that when the Korean sampler was used with a different technique of cleaning the borehole bottom and removing slime before inserting and penetrating the sampler tube, similar to the one commonly used in Japanese practice, the quality of samples could be greatly improved. Furthermore, the CRS test with the rate of 0.02%/min yielded larger values of consolidation parameters and better degree of sample disturbance than those of oedometer test, due to the difference in testing method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.28-44
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• 2012

The aim of this research is to examine the tendency of national tastes reflected in global SPA brands based on the theories of Gans' taste culture and Bourdieu's cultural capital. In this study, the leading global SPA brands such as H&M, ZARA, GAP and UNIQLO can be considered as a representative taste culture as well as an icon of popular culture in the $21^{st}$ century global fashion and also the aesthetic taste of each brand differentiated from their national aesthetic values based on socio-cultural backgrounds. H&M represents fashionableness, practicality and environmental friendliness based on naturalism, democratic humanism, and functional practicality of Sweden. ZARA emerges as the most trend oriented brand as well as customer centered on the basis of cultural diversity, passion and glamorous artistic sensibility of Spain. GAP shows American iconic style, which is the functional sports casual wear, originated from American leisure culture and mass production. Lastly, UNIQLO represents high-tech functionalism and practical simplicity based on Japanese delicate workmanship and simple, concise lifestyle while relatively does not much follow the fashion forward trends. Consequently, the national taste has been proved as a solid foundation to identify each global brand. This should be the key component also applied to Korean global brands for developing their concepts and strategies more successfully based on our own national aesthetic taste.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.541-555
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• 2016

This study determined the concentrations of lead and cadmium in 18 species of commonly consumed fish and assessed the risk based on provisional tolerable weekly (monthly) intakes [PTW(M)I] % as affected by behavioral characteristics, such as migration and settlement. In the 18 species, the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher in the 11 species of migratory fish (llargehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, Pacific saury Cololabis saira, skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, anchovy Engraulis japonicus, Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramm, brown croaker Miichthys miiuy, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii) than in the seven demersal species (red stingray Dasyatis akajei, brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini, bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus, conger eel Conger myriaster, blackmouth angler Lophiomus setigerus, rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, and filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer). Based on the mean concentrations, the PTWI % of lead and cadmium in commonly consumed migratory fish were 1.900 and 2.986%, respectively, which were higher than the values for lead and cadmium in the commonly consumed demersal fishes (0.257 and 0.318%, respectively). The estimation of weekly (monthly) intakes and target hazard quotients for the toxic elements lead and cadmium revealed that the commonly consumed migratory and demersal fish do not pose any health risks for consumers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-222
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• 1985

Fatty acid patterns were determined for 11 and 19 brands of household margarines from the local markets in Korea in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses on OV-275 column showed that the average content of total trans fatty acids was 18% ranging from 6.2 to 35.5% for the margarines produced in 1983. The prototype of trans fatty acids was trans-octadecenoic acid. There was a small amount of c, t-or t, c-octadecadienoic, whereas there were practically no t, t-octadecadienoic acid. Trans fatty acids was increased in proportion to linoleic acid contents. For the margarines produced in 1984.. percentage of trans fatty acids tended to decrease, while that of linoleic acid was increased as compared with the corresponding values for the 1983 products. Thus, the P/S ratio was increased markedly in the soft type margarines produced in 1984. However, Korean margarines contained seemingly less linoleic acid than that contained in Japanese margarines.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 2012

Three Korean-bred strawberry cultivars 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', and 'Keumhyang', and a Japanese cultivar 'Tochiotome' were grown in a greenhouse and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Fruit weight of 'Seolhyang' and 'Keumhyang' in the first and second fruit clusters were greater than those of other cultivars and that of 'Tochiotome' was the greatest in the fifth fruit cluster. Fruit firmness generally decreased at later fruit clusters, and was the lowest in 'Seolhyang'. The sugars/organic acids ratios in the first and third fruit clusters of 'Maehyang' were 4.9 and 8.0, respectively, representing the highest values among all cultivars. The ascorbic acid content was the greatest in the second fruit cluster for 'Seolhyang', 'Keumhyang', and 'Tochiotome' cultivars and that of 'Maehyang' was the greatest at the third fruit cluster. The anthocyanin content was higher in later fruit clusters and was the highest in 'Keumhyang' overall. Results indicate that Korean cultivars bred for the plastic protected culture, which are intended for very early harvest, showed more desirable physical characteristics in the first and second fruit clusters, while the content of anthocyanin was greater in the fruits from later fruit clusters.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 2017

Background: With the need for a domestic level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), it is essential to develop a Korea-specific code. Health effect assessments study radiation-induced impacts; in particular, long-term health effects are evaluated in terms of cancer risk. The objective of this study was to analyze the latest cancer risk models developed by foreign organizations and to compare the methodology of how they were developed. This paper also provides suggestions regarding the development of Korean cancer risk models. Materials and Methods: A review of cancer risk models was carried out targeting the latest models: the NUREG model (1993), the BEIR VII model (2006), the UNSCEAR model (2006), the ICRP 103 model (2007), and the U.S. EPA model (2011). The methodology of how each model was developed is explained, and the cancer sites, dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) and mathematical models are also described in the sections presenting differences among the models. Results and Discussion: The NUREG model was developed by assuming that the risk was proportional to the risk coefficient and dose, while the BEIR VII, UNSCEAR, ICRP, and U.S. EPA models were derived from epidemiological data, principally from Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The risk coefficient does not consider individual characteristics, as the values were calculated in terms of population-averaged cancer risk per unit dose. However, the models derived by epidemiological data are a function of sex, exposure age, and attained age of the exposed individual. Moreover, the methodologies can be used to apply the latest epidemiological data. Therefore, methodologies using epidemiological data should be considered first for developing a Korean cancer risk model, and the cancer sites and DDREF should also be determined based on Korea-specific studies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

The effect of additives on the quality of ssamjang was investigated during storage. The L-, a- and b-values of ssamjang decreased gradually during storage, and the total color difference (${\Delta}E$) increased in the control group. The gas production of ssamjang was reduced in K-sorbate, alcohol and mustard added groups. The number of yeast increased rapidly up to 6 weeks of storage, then decreased in the mustard, alcohol, and K-sorbate added groups. The oxidation-reduction potential and water activity decreased until 6 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively, and then increased gradually. Titratable acidity increased with concomitant decrease in pH, however, it increased slightly in the K-sorbate and ethanol added groups. Reducing sugar content increased until 9 weeks of storage, except the turmeric added group. Alcohol content increased until 15 weeks in the Japanese apricot juice, and turmeric added group. The sensory test result for the taste, flavor and overall acceptability showed that mustard added ssamjang was more acceptable than other groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 1999

In this study, 15 survival functions in integral and difference forms for forest plantation were derived based on assumptions for the number of surviving trees and the differential forms of the mortality rate model. Then, performance of the models was evaluated by fitting to remeasurement data of unthinned white pine(Pinus strobes) forest plantation. As a result, three equations associated with a power function of age, $t^{\beta}$, are somewhat more suitable for describing the effect of self-thinning over time. On the other hand, a general survival function for Japanese larch(Larix leptolepts) forest plantation was derived in order to exam the effect of site quality on self-thinning procedures. The results indicate that the $N_{min}$ is negatively correlated with site index and, even though the same initial stand density was assumed, the survival function curves differ in shapes associated with site index values.