• 대한약리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1966

Dichloroisoproterenol(DCI) i; one of the well known ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. According to Moran and Perkins, DCI has sympathomimetic like action in relatively low concentrations. Fleming and Hawkins confirmed that DCI acts upon the receptors concerned with positive chronotropic and inotropic actions in the heart. Vogins reported that DCI, in concentration of $5{\times}10^{-8}$ to $5{\times}10^{-6}g/ml$, had properties of sympathomimetic amine causing positive inotropic and chronotropic actions in normal rat atria. And James and Nadeau found that DCI had not only adrenergic blocking effect in moderate and higher concentrations, but it also blocked the effect on the sinus node by vagal stimulation and of directly administered acetylcholine in higher concentrations. As stated above by many authors, DCI has complicated actions according to its concentrations. Our aim at the present experiments was to study the effects of DCI to the action of ouabain and acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit atria, as well as to the action of barium chloride and acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit intestine. In addition, Pan ax Ginseng is widely used as tonics in oriental nations, its pharmacological action, however, has not been clearly established. So we atempted to investigate the effects of the water extract of Panax Ginseng to the action of ouabain and DCI upon both atria and intestine. The results obtained were as follows. 1) DCI has a negative inotropic effect on the excised rabbit atria at concentration of $10^{-5}$ and a positive inotropic effect at concentration of $10^{-6}$. 2) DCI (at concentration of $10^{-6}$) potentiates the positive inotropic effect of ouabain upon the excised rabbit atria. 3) DCI antagonizes the action of acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit atria. 4) The water extract of Panax Ginseng, at concentration of $10^{-3}$, decreases the contractile force of rabbit atria, and tends to slightly increase that of rabbit atria at $10^{-4}$. 5) The water extract of Panax Ginseng exhibits a synergistic action with ouabain on the contractile force of rabbit atria. 6) DCI, in concentrations of $10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-6}$, depresses the tone and amplitude of contraction of the excised rabbit intestine. The depression of the intestinal tone markedly appears in pretreatment with reserpine 2mg/kg 24 hours. 7) DCI antagonizes the contractile effect of barium chloride on the excised rabbit atria. 8) DCI has no significant influence on the action of acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit intestine. 9) The series of those evidences indicates that DCI has a sympathomimetic-like action and more over a relaxing action directly on the excised rabbit intestine. 10) The water extract of Panax Ginseng in concentrations of $10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-3}$, has transient depression of the intestinal tone, but later gradually recovers its normal motility: 11) The water extract of Panax Ginseng has a synergistic action with ouabain on the intestinal contractility.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2007

지렁이과 (family Megascolecidae) 왕지렁이속 (genus Amynthas) 그룹을 rDNA ITS 유전자를 이용하여 계통 유연관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 2과 10속에서 26종의 DNA 염기서열을 이용하여 종간 계통적 유연관계를 MP (Maximum Parsimony), NJ (Neighbor Joining), QP (Quartet Puzzling)로 계통도를 작성하였다. 염기서열이 확보된 Megascolecidae (지렁이과)의 국내외 26종에 대한 계통 분석은 위 3개의 알고리즘 모두 동일한 5개의 그룹으로 나뉘는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 Amynthas 속은 크게 한국산 그룹과 필리핀산 그룹으로 구분되었다. 첫 번째 그룹, Amynthas jirensis, A. agrestis, A. gucheonensis, A. sopaikensis, A. bubonis, A. multimaculatus, A. koreanus, A. dageletensis, A. heteropodus, A. odaesanensis, Pontoscolex sp., Pheretima sp. 1와 다른 그룹, Dendropheretima banahawensis. Amynthas halconensis, A. isarogensis, A. mindrooensis, Pithemera sp. 2, Pithmera sp. 1, and Pleionogaster sp.이다. 이는 ITS 유전자가 속간의 차이를 보여주는 것보다 동일한 속이라 하더라도 지리적 차이에 따른 환경의 영향을 받았음을 알 수 있다. 즉 형태적 분화가 이루어졌다고 하더라도 유전적으로는 동질성을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있다. 형태적 특징에 의한 명백한 차이는 구분되지 않았다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2017

Recently, there has been a rise in the number of amphetamine derivatives that serve as substitutes for controlled substances (e.g. amphetamine and methamphetamine) on the global illegal drug market. These substances are capable of producing rewarding effects similar to their parent drug. In anticipation of the future rise of new and similar psychoactive substances, we designed and synthesized four novel amphetamine derivatives with N-benzyl, N-benzylamphetamine HCl (NBNA) substituent on the amine region, 1,4-dioxane ring, ethylenedioxy-amphetamine HCl (EDA), methyl, para-methylamphetamine HCl (PMEA), and naphthalene, 2-(aminopropyl) naphthalene HCl (2-APN) substituents on the phenyl site. Then, we evaluated their abuse potential in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test in mice and self-administration (SA) test in rats. We also investigated the psychostimulant properties of the novel drugs using the locomotor sensitization test in mice. Moreover, we performed qRT-PCR analyses to explore the effects of the novel drugs on the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor genes in the striatum. NBNA, but not EDA, PMEA, and 2-APN, induced CPP and SA in rodents. None of the test drugs have produced locomotor sensitization. qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that NBNA increased the expression of striatal D1 dopamine receptor genes. These data indicate that NBNA yields rewarding effects, suggesting potential for abuse. Continual observation for the rise of related substances is thus strongly encouraged.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2009

Introduction : Although bilateral exploration has been thought to be the standard therapeutic modality for primary hyperparathyroidism(pHPT) due to the admirable cure rate, questions have remained as to whether bilateral neck exploration for all patients with pHPT is needed because 80-85% of patients with pHPT have a single parathyroid adenoma. If the diseased parathyroid can be determined preoperatively, a directed and minimal operation is appropriate using the recent innovations of preoperative diagnosis and operation techniques for parathyroid diseases, the radio-guided parathyroid surgery(RGPS) is one of the standards. In especial, RGPS has been reported beneficial in special circumstances, such as in recurrent disease, ectopic parathyroid, and in mediastinal parathyroid. It can be also useful for the parathyroid disease in previously explored or irradiated neck. Material and Methods : We experienced 2 cases of pHPT successfully treated by RGPS in who previously underwent extensive neck dissection and concomitant external or internal radiotherapy. We adopted and modified the technique described by Dr. James Norman at the University of South Florida-the minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using intraoperative nuclear mapping with 99mTc-sestamibi scanning and radioactivity detection probe. Results : We acquired the successful results for these patients. Conclusion : RGPS is thought to be the alternative technique for the patients with prior central neck exploration and irradiation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.245-254
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• 1988

유구낭미충(이하 낭미충)(Cysticercus cellulosae)에서 추출한 조항원으로 낭미충증(cysticercosis), 스파르가눔중(sparganosis) 및 포충중(hydatidosis) 환자 및 정상인 혈청내 IgG 항체와의 혈청학적 반응을 ELISA 및 EITB 방법으로 추적하였다. ELISA에서 낭미충의 조항원 단백은 스파르가눔중 환자 혈청과의 교차 반응도 보였고, 포충증 환자 혈청에 대해서는 낭미충 환자 혈청보다 오히려 높은 흡광도(O.D.)를 보였다. 낭미충 조항원을 SDS-PAGE로 전기영동한 결과 260 KDa∼22 KDa 범위에서 31개의 polypeptide band를 얻었으며 이 중 11개의 분획이 강한 염색성을 나타내었다. 낭미충 조항원과 낭미충중 환자 혈청과의 EITB 반응에서 22개의 항원대가 관찰되었으며 이 중 104 KDa, 82 KDa, 78 KDa 및 59 KDa는 모든 검사 혈청에서 인지되었다. 또 22개의 항원대 중 12개는 정상인 혈청에서도 반응이 관찰되어 교차반응하는 비특이성 항원 성분으로 해석되었다. 낭미충 조항원과 스파르가눔증 환자 혈청과의 반응에서 11개의 항원대가 인지되었으며 이 중 낭미충증 환자 혈청과 교차반응하는 9개의 항원대가 인지되었다. 나머지 163 KDa 및 131 KDa 항원대는 스파르가눔 환자에서만 동정되었다. 낭미충 조항원과 포충증 환자 혈청과의 반응에서는 21개의 항원대가 인지되었는데, 이 중 63 KDa는 포충증 환자에서만 인지되었고 나머지는 낭미충증 환자 혈청과 교차반응하는 항원대이었다. 한편 낭미충 조항원 중 104 KDa, 82 KDa, 72 KDa, 59 KDa및 34 KDa는 낭미충증, 스파르가눔증 및 포충중 환자와 정상인의 혈청에서도 모두 교차반응을 일으키는 항원이었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2009

전염병 발생의 잠재적 위험은 지구촌 사회의 시대를 맞이하여 심각하게 증가하였다. 그러나 여러 국가들의 다양한 정부기관에서 전염병에 대한 지방자치단체의 대응계획은 적절한 수준으로 준비되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 인류는 의료 및 공중보건에서 괄목할만한 성장을 이룩해왔다. 그러나 SARS는 아직도 막대한 인명손실을 야기시킬 수 있는 잠재력을 가진 매우 위험한 전염병으로 남아있다. 2002년 11월부터 2003년 7월까지 SARS는 전세계적으로 8,096건의 사례가 발생하였으며 774명의 사망자와 9.6%의 사망률을 결과하였다(WHO, 2004). 이는 대표적인 보건재난 중 하나이다. 중국이 전세계에서 발생한 총 SARS사례의 약 66%를 점유한 결과 이웃국가인 한국의 관광산업은 심각한 영향을 받게 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 입국자 자료의 주요요소를 파악하고, SARS발생기간 동안 한국에 입국한 일본과 대만 관광객의 수요변화가 한국의 관광산업에 미친 경제적 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과로서 일본, 미국, 중국, 대만의 4개 국가 입국자들의 계절적, 장기적 추세를 파악할 수 있었으며 한국 관광산업에 대한 SARS의 직 간접적 영향을 분석할 수 있었다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제62권
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• pp.43-74
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• 2020

이 논문은 몸의 인식론을 고찰하고, 그것을 바탕으로 하는 기독교교육의 방향을 고찰한 논문이다. 본고는 메를로 퐁티, 다마지오, 넬슨의 몸의 인식론을 살펴보았는바, 이들은 철학과 뇌과학과 몸의 신학에서 각각 상이하게 연구하였지만, 모두 몸은 감각적이고 직접적 방법으로 세계를 인식하는 주체이며, 인간과 세계를 매개하는 통로가 되고, 인간의 자아형성에 결정적 역할을 한다고 보는 것에서 공통점을 가진다는 것을 발견하였다. 특별히 몸의 신학은 몸이 세상을 이해하는 통로가 되는 것과 마찬가지로 하나님을 이해하는 통로가 되며, 무엇보다 몸을 '하나님의 육화(embodiment of God)'의 자리로 봄으로써, 결국은 육화된 우리의 몸이 참여하는 세상 또한 '하나님의 육화'의 자리가 되어야 함을 밝혔다. 본고는 또한 그러한 몸의 인식론을 바탕으로 하는 기독교교육을 '감각으로부터 시작하는 교육', '참여로서의 교육', 그리고 '성육신적 교육'을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이 세 개념으로부터 본고는 몸의 인식이 전통적 지식중심교육이나 학교식(schooling) 교육의 대안적 관점을 제시하는바, 교리중심, 객관적 지식의 매개, 언어중심, 교육내용중심의 고정되고 패쇄적 패러다임을 넘어서서, 감각과 경험, 인격적 참여, 비언어적 경험, 교육의장 중심의 개방적 패러다임을 제시한다는 것을 발견하였다. 더 나아가 몸은 교육에 관한 새로운 메타포를 발견할 수 있는 자리로서 추후적으로도 기독교교육을 재개념화하는 기초적 은유를 퍼 올릴 수 있는 우물과 같은 개념임을 발견하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.36.1-36.9
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• 2015

Background: This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs. Methods: Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period. Results: Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions. Conclusions: Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The term, "food safety", has traditionally been viewed as a practical science aimed at assuring the prevention acute illnesses caused by biological microorganisms, and only to a minor extent, chronic diseases cause by chronic low level exposures to natural and synthetic chemicals or pollutants. "food safety" meant to prevent microbiological agents/toxins in/on foods, due to contamination any where from "farm to Fork", from causing acute health effects, especially to the young, immune-compromised, genetically-predisposed and elderly. However, today a broader view must also include the fact that diet, perse (nutrients, vitamins/minerals, calories), as well as low level toxins and pollutant or supplemented synthetic chemicals, can alter gene expressions of stem/progenitor/terminally-differentiated cells, leading to chronic inflammation and other mal-functions that could lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherogenesis and possibly reproductive and neurological disorders. Understanding of the mechanisms by which natural or synthetic chemical toxins/toxicants, in/on food, interact with the pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases, should lead to a "systems" approach to "food safety". Clearly, the interactions of diet/food with the genetic background, gender, and developmental state of the individual, together with (a) interactions of other endogenous/exogenous chemicals/drugs; (b) the specific biology of the cells being affected; (c) the mechanisms by which the presence or absence of toxins/toxicants and nutrients work to cause toxicities; and (d) how those mechanisms affect the pathogenesis of acute and/or chronic diseases, must be integrated into a "system" approach. Mechanisms of how toxins/toxicants cause cellular toxicities, such as mutagenesis; cytotoxicity and altered gene expression, must take into account (a) irreversible or reversal changes caused by these toxins or toxicants; (b)concepts of thresholds or no-thresholds of action; and (c) concepts of differential effects on stem cells, progenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells in different organs. This brief Commentary tries to illustrate this complex interaction between what is on/in foods with one disease, namely cancer. Since the understanding of cancer, while still incomplete, can shed light on the multiple ways that toxins/toxicants, as well as dietary modulation of nutrients/vitamins/metals/ calories, can either enhance or reduce the risk to cancer. In particular, diets that alter the embryo-fetal micro-environment might dramatically alter disease formation later in life. In effect "food safety" can not be assessed without understanding how food could be 'toxic', or how that mechanism of toxicity interacts with the pathogenesis of any disease.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2020

The cestode Taenia hydatigena uses canids, primarily dogs, as definitive hosts, while the metacestode larval stage cysticercus infects a range of intermediate hosts, including domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and pigs. Cysticercosis due to T. hydatigena has large veterinary and economic drawbacks. Like other taeniids, e.g., Echinococcus, intraspecific variation is found among the members of the genus Taenia. In Africa, few studies are available on the epidemiology and distribution of T. hydatigena, and even fewer studies are available on its genetic variation. In this study, we molecularly identified 11 cysticerci from sheep in Sudan and demonstrated the genetic variation based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial genes. The isolates were correctly identified as T. hydatigena with more than 99% similarity to those in the GenBank database. Low diversity indices and insignificant neutrality indices were observed, with 3 and 2 haplotypes for the nad1 and cox1 genes, respectively. The results suggest the presence of unique T. hydatigena haplotypes in Sudan, as haplotypes with 100% similarity were not found in the GenBank database. With few available studies on the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Africa, this report represents the first insights into the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Sudan and constitutes useful data.