• 암석학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2005

ICP-MS로 화강암질 암석내 희토류원소의 함량 분석시 표준시료의 선택이 어느 정도 영향을 주는 지를 밝혀내기 위해, 상업용 표준시료(ACCU-standard, No. Cal-1), 화강암의 한국산 표준시료(KG-1), 미국산 표준시료(G-2), 일본산 표준시료(JC-1a, JC-2)를 각각 기준시료로 하여 각각의 희토류원소 함량을 측정하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, 경희토류(La-Gd) 분포도는 표준시료의 변화에 관계없이 대체적으로 추천값과 측정값 모두 일치하였다. 그러나 G-2 혹은 JG-2를 기준으로 측정했을 시, 다른 표준시료의 추천값과 측정값에 의한 중희토류(Gd-Lu)의 분포도는 많은 차이가 발생되었다. 이는 표준시료의 추천값의 오류 혹은 표준시료 암석의 지구화학적 특성에 기인된다. KG-1 혹은 JG-1a를 기준시료로 하여 희토류원소 함량을 측정했을 경우에는 G-2나 JG-2를 기준시료로 했을 때보다 추천값과 측정값에 의한 희토류원소의 분포도의 어긋남이 비교적 약한 편이다. 이는 국내 화강암류의 희토류원소 함량분석에 있어서의 표준시료로서 KG-1 혹은 JG-1a가 보다 더 유용함을 지시해준다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2016

Background: In this study, we screened and identified an endophyte JG09 having strong biocatalytic activity for ginsenosides from Platycodon grandiflorum, converted ginseng total saponins and ginsenoside monomers, determined the source of minor ginsenosides and the transformation pathways, and calculated the maximum production of minor ginsenosides for the conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 to assess the transformation activity of endophyte JG09. Methods: The transformation of ginseng total saponins and ginsenoside monomers Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1 into minor ginsenosides F2, C-K and Rh1 using endophyte JG09 isolated by an organizational separation method and Esculin-R2A agar assay, as well as the identification of transformed products via TLC and HPLC, were evaluated. Endophyte JG09 was identified through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 32 ${\beta}$-glucosidase-producing endophytes were screened out among the isolated 69 endophytes from P. grandiflorum. An endophyte bacteria JG09 identified as Luteibacter sp. effectively converted protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd into minor ginsenosides F2 and C-K, and converted protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Rg1 into minor ginsenoside Rh1. The transformation pathways of major ginsenosides by endophyte JG09 were as follows: $Rb1{\rightarrow}Rd{\rightarrow}F2{\rightarrow}C-K$; $Rb2{\rightarrow}C-O{\rightarrow}C-Y{\rightarrow}C-K$; $Rc{\rightarrow}C-Mc1{\rightarrow}C-Mc{\rightarrow}C-K$; $Rg1{\rightarrow}Rh1$. The maximum production rate of ginsenosides F2 and C-K reached 94.53% and 66.34%, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first report about conversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides by fermentation with P. grandiflorum endophytes. The results of the study indicate endophyte JG09 would be a potential microbial source for obtaining minor ginsenosides.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans JG22 isolated from pepper leaf jangajji on the mutagenic activity of N-methyl, N'-nitro, N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 2-nitrofluene (2-NF) and to evaluate the effect of physico-chemical pretreatment on the antimutagenic activity of the strain. The viable cells of JG22 strain displayed a significantly high (p <0.05) antimutagenic activity against both mutagens tested. The antimutagenic effect of JG22 strain seems to be positively correlated with the amounts of the cells in the incubation time. This strain produced the antimutagenic activity of the maximum levels after preincubation for 30 min. The binding of this strain against the mutagenic compounds might be mainly present in the cell wall fraction rather than the cytosol fraction. Pretreatment with proteolytic enzymes and simulated gastric and intestinal juices and at different pH values had no significant effect on two mutagens removal by the viable cells. However, the binding activity of the mutagen by the strain seems to be affected by heating, enzymes including $\alpha$-amylase and lysozyme, divalent ions, and sodium metaperiodate. Thus, carbohydrates consisting of the cell walls may be important elements responsible for the binding of MNNG and 2-NF by this strain. In conclusion, the binding of the mutagens to cells of JG 22 strain may play a vital role in suppressing the process of mutagenesis induced by mutagens.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Jaeumgeonbi-tang extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions of mice. Methods : Experimental groups were classified into non-treatment group (CON group), non-administered group (GE group), misoprostol administered group (MA group) and Jaeumgeonbi-tang extract administered group (JG group). This study examined the morphological change, distribution of mast cells, mucous secreted cells and apoptotic cells, BrdU, COX-1, Hsp70, NF-κB p50, PKC, COX-2 and TNF-α of gastric mucosa. Results : 1. The hemorrhagic erosion of gastric mucosa and infiltrated mast cells were reduced in the MA and JG groups. 2. PNA reaction and mucous secreted cells were increased in the MA and JG groups. 3. The distribution of apoptotic cells, Hsp70, NF-κB p50, PKC, COX-2 and TNF-α were increased in the gastro­inflammation elicitated group, but decreased in the MA and JG groups. 4. The MA and JG groups showed increase on COX-1, BrdU. Conclusions : Jaeumgeonbi-tang extract had excellent effects on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2011

Transgenic zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) expressing the bar gene inserted in the plant genome has been generated previously through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The GM zoysiagrass (event: JG21) permits efficient management of weed control of widely cultivated zoysiagrass fields, reducing the frequency and cost of using various herbicides for weed control. Now we have carried out the environmental risk assessment of JG21 prior to applying to the governmental regulatory agency for the commercial release of the GM turf grass outside of test plots. The morphological phenotypes, molecular analysis, weediness and gene flow from each test plot of JG21 and wild-type zoysiagrasses have been evaluated by selectively analyzing environmental effects. There were no marked differences in morphological phenotypes between JG21 and wild-type grasses. The JG21 retained its stable integration in the host plant in T1 generation, exhibiting a 3:1 segregation ratio according to the Mendelian genetics. We confirmed the copy number (1) of JG21 by using Southern blot analysis, as the transgenic plants were tolerant to ammonium glufosinate throughout the culture period. From cross-fertilization and gene flow studies, we found a 9% cross-pollination rate at the center of JG21 field and 0% at distances over 3 m from the field. The JG21 and wild-type zoysiagrass plants are not considered "weed" because zoysiagrasses generally are not dominant and do not spread into weedy areas easily. We assessed the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the transgene DNA to soil microorganisms from JG21 and wild-type plants. The bar gene was not detected from the total genomic DNA extracted from each rhizosphere soil of GM and non-GM Zoysia grass fields. Through the monitoring of JG21 transgene's unintentional release into the environment, we found no evidence for either pollen mediated gene flow of zoysiagrass or seed dispersal from the test field within a 3 km radius of the natural habitat.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

최근 경제적, 시간적 여유의 증가로 인해 건강에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 취미 생활과 운동의 목적으로 생활권 주위의 산을 이용하는 등산인구가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 등산인구의 증가에 비해 기존의 탐방로들의 대부분은 예전부터 이용되던 동선을 그대로 사용하여 단지 산 정상에 도달하기 위해 자연적으로 만들어진 것들이 대부분이라 최근 등산을 즐기는 이용객들의 다양한 신체적 특성과 목적에는 충족시키지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 수치지도 및 TotalStation으로 자료를 구축하고 GIS를 활용하여 각각의 탐방로를 분석한 뒤 탐방로에 따른 정보를 이용자에게 제공함으로써 탐방시 효율적으로 이용할 수 있도록 하였다. 연구대상지역은 경상남도에 소재한 검암산을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과 산을 이용하는 주 연령대인 30~50대의 운동강도에 따른 적정 경사도는 HG1과 JG1-JG2-JG3구간으로 나타났으며, 연령별 최적구간을 제시 하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.450-457
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• 2016

While many studies on the heat transfer effect of an impinging jet have been published, most studies focus on the downward impinging jet. This study investigates the impinging jet heat transfer phenomenon when water at a temperature of $24^{\circ}C$ impinges on the downward isothermal circular plate at 60, 70, and $80^{\circ}C$ and when the upward round jet nozzle is 4, 6, and 8 mm diameter with a flow rate 3.6, 4.6, and 5.6 L/min, respectively, and when the ratio of the nozzle clearance/nozzle diameter (H/D) is 1. The results showed that, as the nozzle diameter decreases, the heat transfer coefficient increases at a constant flow rate. The correlation equation of $Nu_r$, $Pr_r$, and $Re_{jg}$ is obtained in the impinging and constant velocity flow region $(Nu_r/Pr^{0.4}_r)Dr=4.6[Re_{jg}(r/R_c)Dr]^{0.8}$ at all flow rates, in the deceleration and falling flow regions $(Nu_r/Pr^{0.4}_r)Dr=42.7{\mid}Re_{jg}(r/R_c)Dr-345.7{\mid}^{0.3}$ at 3.6 L/min, $(Nu_r/Pr^{0.4}_r)Dr=92.4{\mid}Re_{jg}(r/R_c)Dr-16.8{\mid}^{0.2}$ at 4.6 L/min, and $(Nu_r/Pr^{0.4}_r)Dr=322.4{\mid}Re_{jg}(r/R_c)Dr-536.2{\mid}^{0.01}$ at 5.6 L/min.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of jambo grass (Sorghum $bicolour{\times}Sorghum$ sudanefe) silage and mott grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silage as a replacement of conventional fodder (jambo grass) in the diet of lactating Nili buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Thirty early-lactating ($45{\pm}4$ days), multi-parous Nili buffaloes, ten in each group, were allotted to three experimental diets. Jambo grass and mott grass were ensiled with molasses (at 2% of fodder DM) in two trench silos for 30 days. The control diet (JG) contained 75% jambo grass while the other two diets contained 75% jambo grass silage (JGS) and 75% mott grass silage (MGS). The remaining 25% DM in each diet was supplied by concentrates. Diets were mixed daily and fed twice a day ad libitum for 120 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher with the JG diet compared with JGS and MGS diets. However, DMI as % body weight did not differ significantly in buffaloes fed either fodder or silage based diets. Crude protein (CP), digestible CP and NDF intakes were significantly higher on JG compared with silage-based diets. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, CP and NDF were similar in buffaloes fed JG, JGS and MGS diets. Milk yield (4% FCM) was similar in buffaloes fed JG and silage based diets. Fat, total solids, solid not fat, CP, true protein and non-protein nitrogen content of milk were similar in buffaloes fed fodder or silage based diets. The present results indicated that jambo grass and mott grass ensiled with 2% molasses for 30 days could safely replace the conventional fresh grass fodder (75% DM) in the diet of lactating Nili buffaloes without affecting their milk yield.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2014

유전자변형(genetically modified, GM)작물의 종자 및 꽃가루를 통한 환경 생태계로의 확산은 안전성평가와 안전관리에 있어 매우 중요한 요소이며, 국내에서는 LMO법에 따라 GM 작물의 개발 및 생산 등에 대한 안전관리와 GM 작물의 상업화를 위한 환경모니터링에 대한 방법, 기간, 빈도 등에 대한 계획을 요구하고 있다. 본 연구는 제초제저항성 들잔디(zoysiagrass)의 야외환경모니터링을 수행을 통한 환경모니터링 시스템 기반 구축을 위해 수행되었다. 연구에 사용된 GM 들잔디는 제초제저항 형질의 JG21과 JG21에 방사능처리로 웅성불임을 유도한 JG21-MS 등 2개의 이벤트를 이용하였다. 환경모니터링은 충남 성환, 충북 오창, 제주대 및 제주 납원읍 등 4개 격리포장 주변에서 2011년부터 2013년까지 종자 및 영양번식체에 의한 산포 조사와 화분에 의한 유전자이동에 대해 수행되었다. 모니터링 수행 결과 3개 지역에서 유전자이동 및 산포가 발견되지 않았으나, 2012년 제주 남원읍 지역 조사에서 격리포장 주변 2 m 부근에서 JG21 들잔디 1개체의 유출이 발견되어 보고 및 안전관리 조치를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 GM 들잔디의 검출 방법과 환경모니터링 기법들은 GM 들잔디 개발을 위한 포장시험 연구와 상업화 후 환경모니터링을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Objectives : Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases in humans. Jingyoganghwaltang (JG) and Cheongsimhwan (CS) have been used for treating hemorrhoids in Korean traditional clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate the traditional effects of JG and CS on the experimental hemorrhoid model in rats. Methods : Hemorrhoids are closely related to inflammation. Accordingly, we examined the nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage cell line in order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect. The expression levels of inflammation related genes including IL-1 beta, IL-6, INOS, and TNF-alpha were examined via a real-time quantitative PCR. Croton oil-induced hemorrhagic animal model was used to test the in vivo efficacy against hemorrhoids. The rectal tissues were weighed and the inflammatory proteins were measured to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects. Results : JG and CS have a statistically significant effect on inhibition of NO production and on the reduction of inflammatory gene expression such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, INOS, and TNF-alpha. The synergistic effects of co-treatment of JG and CS were found out in the IL-6 gene expression. The in vivo study using croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rat was performed to check the co-treatment effects. As a result, the co-treatment reduced the inflammation of the rectal tissue and decrease the inflammation related protein productions including ICAM1, MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusions : These results suggest that JG and CS co-treatment demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rat.