• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.471-483
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• 2014

Since 2009 of global financial crisis, shipbuilding industry has undergone hard times seriously. After such a long depression, the latest global shipping market index shows that the economic recovery of global shipbuilding market is underway. Especially, nations with enormous resources are going to increase their productivity or expanding their shipyards to accommodate a large amount of orders expected in the near future. However, few commercial projects have been carried out for the practical shipyard layout designs even though those can be good commercial opportunities for shipbuilding engineers. Shipbuilding starts with a shipyard construction with a large scale investment initially. Shipyard design and the equipment layout problem, which is directly linked to the productivity of ship production, is an important issue in the production planning of mass production of ships. In many cases, shipbuilding yard design has relied on the experience of the internal engineer, resulting in sporadic and poorly organized processes. Consequently, economic losses and the trial and error involved in such a design process are inevitable problems. The starting point of shipyard construction is to design a shipyard layout. Four kinds of engineering parts required for the shipyard layout design and construction. Those are civil engineering, building engineering, utility engineering and production layout engineering. Among these parts, production layout engineering is most important because its result is used as a foundation of the other engineering parts, and also, determines the shipyard capacity in the shipyard lifecycle. In this paper, the background of shipbuilding industry is explained in terms of engineering works for the recognition of the macro trend. Nextly, preliminary design methods and related case study is introduced briefly by referencing the previous research. Lastly, the designed work of layout design is validated using the computer simulation technology.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2003

In terms of climate change communities have only during the 1990s begun to recognize that all greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions are directly or indirectly generated locally, through acts of agency, production or consumption. This has provided a boost to the role of local places in the debate since GHGs can be allocated and made understood locally and hence form the basis for specific policies, programs, plans and projects. The objectives of this study are to define a framework for making Environmentally Friendly City through enhancing integrated energy-urban policies and present framework to do comprehensive evaluation on energy related policies response and also explore the interrelation between energy related activities in each sector and policy and applies to Seoul mega city in Korea. Despite the growing recognition of the seriousness of urban environmental problems and their contribution to global environmental and social concerns, most analysts continue to study cities in parts rather than as a whole; we study sectoral sub-systems such as transport, air pollution or energy. While specialization is useful for detailed thinking, we also need to see each issue in the context of how each city works environmentally, economically, socially and politically. We therefore need integrative approaches to study of cities and need to understand how they function as systems. These framework presented in this study allows an organized and systematic analysis. These research results can provide useful, credible and timely input into the urban planning process. This study will be a helpful exercise to draw some policy implications of other cities in Korea and also East Asia that are in a similar stage with the these cities and developing plans on how to address them.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3465-3467
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease amongst young women. If we review local data in Pakistan then breast cancer represents approximately a third of all cancers in females. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) world per 100,000 is 53.8 and crude incidence rate is 30.9. We have observed during our surgical pathology practice and it is also reported by other Asian studies that breast carcinoma is amongst the leading malignancies in the region and the patients are at least a decade younger than counterparts in developed nations. Age is an important issue in effective screening, diagnosis and management of breast cancer, especially in this geographical region where late presentation and poor prognosis are a hallmark of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of malignant breast lesions in symptomatic young females presenting with breast lumps. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at the Pathology Department, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Descriptive and pathology data of malignant breast tumors 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2009 were reviewed, using the departmental archived data. It included both male and female patients up to the age of 25 years. Results: A total of 714 surgical specimens from/of symptomatic breast lesions were received at the pathology department of Liaquat National Medical, in the five years study period, in young females. There were 575 (80%) benign, 119 (16%) inflammatory and 20 (2.8%) malignant lumps. Conclusions: The obtained data for females only up to 25 years of age suggest a massive burden which requires urgent attention. Early assessment of lesions is essential in order to avoid mortality from malignancies.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

중국은 세계에서 가장 큰 전자상거래 시장으로서 중국 온라인 소매시장은 미국보다 약 40% 크며, 양국은 전세계 전자상거래 시장의 55% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 한 중 FTA는 한중 양국의 상품, 서비스의 전자상거래 확대와 국가간 전자상거래 활동을 촉진시킬 것이다. 한국산 소비재는 기술과 품질 측면에서 중국시장에서 경쟁우위를 가지고 있기 때문에 FTA 혜택을 향유할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한 중 FTA 전자상거래 협정문의 주요쟁점을 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 한국 상품의 전자상거래 수출확대를 위한 활용과제에 대해 문헌연구를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 한국 상품의 전자상거래 수출확대를 위해서는 한 중 FTA 전자상거래 협정의 후속협상에 대한 준비와 전자적 전송물의 분류에 대한 대비를 하여야 한다. 그리고 전자인증과 전자서명에 있어 양국의 상호인정이 필요하며, 전자상거래 분쟁해결을 위한 제도의 마련과 한국 상품의 전자상거래 수출확대를 위한 전략의 수립 등이 필요하다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2016

음성인식 성능 개선을 위한 언어모델의 기술적 진보는 최근 심층 신경망을 기반으로 한 접근방법으로 한 단계 더 진보한 모양새다. 그러나 연구되고 있는 심층 신경망 기반 언어모델은 대부분 음성인식 이후 리스코링 단계에서 적용할 수 있는 한계를 지닌다. 또한 대규모 어휘에 대한 심층 신경망 접근방법은 아직 시간이 필요하다고 본다. 따라서 본 논문은 심층 신경망 언어 모델의 단순화된 형태인 워드 임베딩 기술을 음성인식 후처리가 아닌 기반 N-gram모델에 바로 적용할 수 있는 접근 방법을 찾는다. 클래스 언어모델이 한 접근 방법이 될 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 워드 임베딩을 우선 구축하고, 해당 어휘별 벡터 정보를 클러스터링하여 클래스 언어모델을 구축 방법을 제시한다. 이를 기존 어휘기반 N-gram 모델에 통합한 후, 언어모델의 성능 개선 여부를 확인한다. 클래스 언어모델의 타당성 검증을 위해 다양한 클래스 개수의 언어모델 실험과 RNN LM과의 비교 결과를 검토한 후, 모든 언어모델의 성능 개선을 보장하는 품사 부착 언어모델 생성 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.109-112
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• 2009

Various environmental problems due to the rapid industralization and urbanization have been worsened as much as to threaten the environmental restitution of globe and become a critical international issue. Korean government presented the green growth as a new state vision for 60 years afterwards and is making efforts to solve the environmental problems. Daegu metropolitan city has faced various environmental problems including overpopulation of cities, traffic pollution, household wastes and green zone problem because of urbanization for the last decades. As such urbanism continues, the quality of residential environment is rapidly deteriorating and the intensive use of land leads to increase of building area raising the temperature of cities. Therefore there have been demands for the healthy, pleasant and satisfying residential environment and the improvement of residential environment and such recognition rises from society in full measure. Nevertheless the current residential complex concentrates only on raising the efficiency of land use. Related laws in the past(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) tried to prepare a standard to segmentalize the building-to-land ratio, floor area ratio and regulations of number of floors vertically, but currently it is abolished and the regulations are becoming eased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the floating wind before and after the vertical segmentation of residential areas(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) by using KLAM_21, a model that enables analysing and predicting the flow and generation of clod wind, and to present a plan to improve the quality of residential areas afterwards when developing building lot and re-developing housing areas.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.215-219
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• 2011

Along with the rapid increase of the elderly population, our country is facing the elderly problem as a social issue due to nuclear family, the increase of female social activities and recognition changes about the elderly support. In this connection, the welfare services to protect the overall elderly is requested urgently and the countries which have been experiencing aging earlier than our country are studying a lot a community daycare method which delays moving of the elderly into facilities as long as possible, reduces costs and efficiently provides services in order to curtail the big burden to the national economy. As one of these solutions, there is the elderly daycare center and this can be considered to be a compromising service type to correspond to our social changes, make individual and social supports without damage to the sense of value about support. Therefore, the space for the elderly can keep up with the falloff of mental and physical functions, dementia and geriatric diseases according to aging and careful consideration about the space considering stability and convenience is required. At this point, this study has the purpose to plan a daycare center which reflects the characteristics of the elderly to protect them within the community safely and comfortably. As for the research method, case study was conducted to understand the overall situation on the space plan of the daycare center for 5 daycare centers located in Seoul and found out problems. In addition, interview research was conducted for the heads of daycare centers or social workers, care workers and photographing and drawing collection were performed simultaneously. From the generalization of the above study, a space plan for a daycare center considering the characteristics of the elderly was provided.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2012

This paper aims at investigating and identifying the factor that has led the back and forth relationship between China and the United States since 1989. Previous studies on this subject addressed the issue by taking either of two approaches: one with the micro view that interprets the back and forth relationship in the context of the end of the Cold war, on other hand, with the macro view that interprets the fragile relationship in the context of the rise of China. However, neither of the approaches explains with sufficiency the question at hand. Hence for the inquiry, this article suggests a fresh view by exploring alternative method of using a cognitive map of each nation's leader, Jiangzemin and Bill Clinton. This article provides an empirical analysis through the Selected works of Jiangzemin and the speeches of Bill Clinton in 1998 for the first time in the field of Sino-US relationship studies in Korea. With the results of the cognitive map analysis, we can reach the following four points. Firstly, indicators of the forth relationship between China and the US are: i) the recognition by Bill Clinton on the importance of China's economic growth and; ii) the US's cooperation of science technology with China. Second, the conflict between China and the US results from the discordance of opinions on the matter of human rights and military power. Second, the conflict will inevitably arise on environmental issues around the globe including a global warming. Third, while China has yet to find a legitimate reason to agree upon these issues with the US, the US urges China of its cooperation. Lastly, Both China and the US attach great importance to the alliance with Japan. This implicates that relatively, issues involving Japan take more control in the China-US relationship, than those of Korea Peninsula.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.259-276
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• 2007

본 연구는 수학 수업을 바라보는 교사의 관점과 학생의 관점의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 중학교 2학년의 연속된 수업 10차시를 녹화하고, 녹화된 비디오를 재생시키면서 교사와 학생에 대한 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 이 자료들을 분석하여 여섯 가지 측면에서 괴리 현상을 유형화하고, 유사한 배경이나 성격의 것들을 두 가지씩 결합시켜, 세 가지 측면으로 분류하였다. 첫 번째는 교사와 학생의 입장과 관점의 차이에서 비롯되는 괴리로 '교사의 수업 핵심과 학생의 관심사의 괴리'와 '교사의 실수에 대한 상이한 해석과 반응'이 이에 해당된다. 둘째, 극단적인 교수학적 현상과 관련된 괴리로는 '교사와 학생이 주목하는 측면 사이의 괴리와 형식적 고착' 그리고 '확인형 발문과 토파즈 효과'가 있으며, 세 번째는 특정 교사와 학생 사이에서 발생하는 비 전형적인 괴리로 '학생들의 선호 내용에 대한 인식 차이' 그리고 '학생들의 다양한 요구에 대한 불충분한 대응'이 그 예가 된다. 논문의 마지막에는 이러한 괴리 현상의 극복 방안을 부분적으로 제시하였다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2010

질의응답시스템을 구축하는데 있어서 사용자 질의로 입력된 자연어 문장을 문법적 또는 의미적으로 완벽하게 분석하는 작업과 그 질의에 대한 정확한 답변을 찾아내는 작업은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 본 논문에서는 질의응답시스템 구축의 난제를 극복하기 위해, 문서 말뭉치에 기반하여 질의문을 자동 생성, 저장하여 이를 키워드로 검색하는 새로운 방식의 시스템을 제안한다. 질의문 생성을 위한 기본 아이디어는 수집 문서의 주요 문장에 대해 고유명사인식 기술을 활용하여 사람, 사물, 장소, 시간 등의 고유명사를 인식한 후, 각 고유명사에 해당하는 자연어 질의문을 생성하는 것이다. 질의문은 두가지 유형인 단순형 및 문장구조유지형 질의문으로 구분한다. 시스템은 이렇게 준비된 질의문 데이터베이스를 가지고 입력된 검색 키워드에 대하여 관련 질의문과 답변을 쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구의 관건은 생성된 질의문이 명확한 해답을 도출할 수 있는 의미있는 질의문을 생성하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 질의문의 원천이 되는 평서문장을 선별하는 원칙과 선별된 평서문으로부터 의미있는 질의문을 생성하는 방법론을 제시한다.