• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.79-86
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• 2004

The technical expert standing system of our const겨ction industry is operated by the Ministry of Labor subjective national technical qualification law, as the professional engineer, architect and architect-engineer and so on. The construction management(CM) which is introduced on middle 1990 activates a building industry the condition of the essential indispensability for is becoming, is not officially recognized with national qualification to be, that as pending issue it is most urgent, the specialty manpower positivity which is judged as the nostril poop]e for qualification of the civil CM educational institutions has the certification which is a each educational program and a separate way and it is the actual condition which is become accomplished. The problem when as international certification the CMAA which is only it secures a reliability certification which is a CCM and SAVE seeing in the certified which is a CVS, compares in the foreign nation and the CM certification is excessive, it does not secure a reliability and an efficient characteristic to give a confusion to the capital increase lattices which in a condition are, it is mass produced it is a point. It saw from, it observes the capital increase reserve problem point which is a domestic CM and the certification integration which is a report and system anger it leads and with national certified qualification it develops to present the improvement program for, it does to sleep.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.81-103
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• 2022

It recognizes the importance of mental health and well-being worldwide and consistently records public happiness figures through the World Happiness Report. COVID-19, which occurred in China in 2019, has changed people's daily lives a lot. The accumulation of stress caused by the prolonged epidemic is affecting people's happiness. The present research has revealed negative mental health effects such as "depression" and "anxiety" after the pandemic. In this regard, it was revealed that the happiness index was also lowered numerically. It is insufficient to analyze specific issues about changes in the issue of happiness felt by the public in Korean society after the epidemic. Therefore, this study aims to identify changes in the happiness issue of Koreans after COVID-19 and find ways to improve happiness. Data were collected from various aspects by searching 32 sub keywords based on ERG theory by dividing the period before and after COVID-19. The results of topic modeling before and after COVID-19 were classified into seven areas of happiness index 2.0 published by the National Assembly Future Research Institute and compared and analyzed. Based on the results of comparing the results of the before and after topic from the perspective of each area, a plan to improve happiness was presented. The academic implications of this paper are that the research on psychological changes caused by COVID-19 was expanded by mining the opinions of the actual public on 'happiness'. In addition, it has practical implications in that it specifically presented measures to promote happiness by utilizing the area of objective happiness indicators based on the existing research on ways to reduce happiness promotion unhappiness.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to develop and preliminary validate the Mibyeong Questionnaire (MQ) based on Deficiency-Stagnation pattern, which was report of a person's health condition that comes directly from the person. Method : The first phage of developing a MQ was to generate and exhaustive list of all MQ issue that are relevant to the domain of interest, using literature research and expert group discussions. Through those steps, we established MQ with 33 items divided into two parts: 21-item deficiency pattern and 12-item stagnation pattern. The second phage, we examined the preliminary tests of reliability and validity including the 16-item Deficiency of MQ (16D-MQ), with data (n=1,890) already collected on the Korean medicine data center in KIOM. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors of the 16D-MQ. These factors were fatigue(Qi, 氣); psychic and physical elements(Shen, 神); and skin and hair(Jing, 精). Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.876 and the intraclass correlation coefficients was 0.368-0.538. In support of criteria validity, the 16D-MQ was weakly correlated with EQ-5D and physicians's opinion, but it was acceptable. Conclusion : The MQ shows that it has an appropriate level of internal consistency and validity. We think further study to reveal its reliability and validity, including stagnation pattern as well as deficiency pattern, is needed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2018

Current reports suggest that obesity is a serious global health issue. Emerging evidence has predicted strong links between obesity and the human gut microbiota. However, only a few such studies have been conducted in Asia, and the gut microbiota of lean and obese adult Asians remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential relationship between gut microbiota, body massindex (BMI), and metabolic parameters in adults from Thailand, where obesity is increasing rapidly. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 42 volunteers who were allocated into lean, overweight, and obese groups. The fecal microbiota was examined by quantitative PCR analysis. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Staphylococcus spp. and methanogens were most abundant in lean volunteers. Overweight volunteers majorly harbored Christensenella minuta and Akkermansia muciniphila, ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$, and bacteria belonging to the genus Ruminococcus. Methanogens and bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were negatively correlated with adiposity markers (BMI and waist circumference), but positive correlated with high-density lipoprotein, suggesting that they can be used as leanness markers. While some of our results agree with those of previous reports, results regarding the contributions of specific taxa to obesity were inconsistent. This is the first study to report the adult gut microbiota in Southeast Asian populations using molecular techniques and biochemical markers and provides a foundation for future studies in this field.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2020

Background: Kori unit #1 is permanently shut down after a 40-year lifetime. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission recommends establishing initial decommissioning plans for all nuclear and radwaste treatment facilities. Therefore, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) must establish an initial and final decommissioning plan for radwaste-treatment facilities. Radiation safety assessment, which constitutes one chapter of the decommissioning plan, is important for establishing a decommissioning schedule, a strategy, and cost. It is also a critical issue for the government and public to understand. Materials and Methods: This study provides a method for assessing external radiation dose to workers during decommissioning. An external dose is calculated following each exposure scenario, decommissioning strategy, and working schedule. In this study, exposure dose is evaluated using the deterministic method. Physical characterization of the facility is obtained by both direct measurement and analysis of the drawings, and radiological characterization is analyzed using the annual report of KAERI, which measures the ambient dose every month. Results and Discussion: External doses are calculated at each stage of a decommissioning strategy and found to increase with each successive stage. The maximum external dose was evaluated to be 397.06 man-mSv when working in liquid-waste storage. To satisfy the regulations, working period and manpower must be managed. In this study, average and cumulative exposure doses were calculated for three cases, and the average exposure dose was found to be about 17 mSv/yr in all the cases. Conclusion: For the three cases presented, the average exposure dose is well below the annual maximum effective dose restriction imposed by the international and domestic regulations. Working period and manpower greatly affect the cost and entire decommissioning plan; hence, the chosen option must take account of these factors with due consideration of worker safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.214.2-214.2
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• 2013

Device performance for the 45 and 32 nm node CMOS technology requires the integration of ultralow-k materials. To lower the dielectric constant for PECVD and spin-on materials, partial replacement of the solid network with air (k=1.01) appears to be more intuitive and direct option. This can be achieved introducting of second "labile" phase during depositoin that is removed during a subsequent UV curing and annealing step. Besides, with shrinking line dimensions the resistivity of barrier films cannot meet the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) requirements. To solve this issue self-forming diffusion barriers have drawn attention for great potential technique in meeting all ITRS requirments. In this present work, we report a Cu-V alloy as a materials for the self-forming barrier process. And we investigated diffusion barrier properties of self-formed layer on low-k dielectrics with or without UV curing treatment. Cu alloy films were directly deposited onto low-k dielectrics by co-sputtering, followed by annealing at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction revealed Cu (111), Cu (200) and Cu (220) peaks for both of Cu alloys. The self-formed layers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In order to compare barrier properties between V-based interlayer on low-k dielectric with UV curing and interlayer on low-k dielectric without UV curing, thermal stability was measured with various heat treatment temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that chemical compositions of self-formed layer. The compositions of the V based self-formed barriers after annealing were strongly dominated by the O concentration in the dielectric layers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.609-615
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a monitoring system for illegal overseas direct purchase based on C2C transaction between individuals. The Customs Act stipulates that direct purchases from overseas are exempted from taxation only if they are less than a certain amount (US$150, but US$200 in the US) or are recognized as self-used goods. The act of reselling overseas direct purchase items purchased with exemption from taxation online, etc., is a crime of smuggling without a report. Nevertheless, the number of re-sells on online second-hand websites is increasing, and it is becoming a controversial social issue of continuous violation of the Customs Act. Therefore, this study collects unspecified transaction details related to overseas direct purchase, refines the data in a big data method, and designs it as a monitoring system through natural language processing, etc. analyzed. It will be possible to use it to crack down on illegal transactions of overseas direct purchase goods.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2016

Computer security incident such as confidential information leak and data destruction are constantly growing and it becomes threat to information in digital devices. To respond against the incident, digital forensic techniques are also developing to help digital incident investigation. With the development of digital forensic technology, a variety of forensic artifact has been developed to trace the behavior of users. Also, a diversity of forensic tool has been developed to extract information from forensic artifact. However, there is a issue that information from forensic tools has its own forms. To solve this problem, it needs to process data when it is output from forensic tools. Then it needs to compare and analyze processed data to identify how data is related each other and interpret the implications. To reach this, it calls for effective method to store and output data in the course of data processing. This paper aims to propose DFIOC (Digital Forensic Indicators Of Compromise) that is capable of transcribing a variety of forensic artifact information effectively during incident analysis and response. DFIOC, which is XML based format, provides "Evidence" to represent various forensic artifacts in the incident investigation. Furthermore, It provides "Forensic Analysis" to report forensic analysis result and also gives "Indicator" to investigate the trace of incidence quickly. By logging data into one sheet in DFIOC format for forensic analysis process, it is capable of avoiding unnecessary data processing. Lastly, since collected information is recorded in a normalized format, data input and output becomes much easier as well as it will be convenient to use for identification of collected information and analysis of data relationship.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.477-496
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between rejection sensitivity and reactive aggression among college students, as well as to determine the mediating effects of self-concept clarity and hostile attribution bias on the relationship between rejection sensitivity and reactive aggression. A self-report questionnaire was conducted online for the purpose of gathering data from university students aged 18 years and older. A total of 250 participants were included in the analysis. SPSS 27.0 was used for data analysis to check the basic statistics of the variables, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis. In addition, the model fit was checked using Amos 21.0, and the bootstrapping method verified the significance of the indirect effect. The results of this study are as follows. The results of this study are as follows. First, rejection sensitivity positively affects reactive aggression through self-concept clarity. Second, rejection sensitivity increases the hostile attribution bias, leading to an increase in reactive aggression. Third, rejection sensitivity positively influences reactive aggression in an indirect way by sequentially affecting self-concept clarity and hostile attribution bias. These findings have implications as they identify psychological factors that affect reactive aggression in college students. This suggests the importance of utilizing psychological interventions to address reactive aggression associated with social problems, such as crime, and provides a foundation for both treatment and prevention. Finally, implications for further research and limitations of this study are suggested.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

During global recessions, such as the 2008 financial crisis, Korean shipping companies have been undergoing a liquidity crisis that is comparably worse than other shipping companies worldwide. One of the reasons behind this repetitive vicious cycle can be the lack of ability to foresee the future by analyzing and understanding the volatile shipping market. Traditionally, in order to assimilate the shipping market, larger Korean shipping companies have been purchasing market reports published by Europe-based research companies and shipping brokers, leading to a digital divide by company size. To resolve this issue, the Maritime Exchange Information Center (MEIC) has been publishing shipping market reports that include essential shipping information such as freight rates by different routes; commodity trends for iron ore, grain, and coal; ship-building trends for new-building, second-hand, and demolition markets; as well as bunker price and port congestion. This research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of four variables-information usefulness, market reflection, information composition, and latest information-on information satisfaction. If the information satisfaction was found to be adequate, the analysis of actual proof was used to determine if the customers would be willing to purchase MEIC's report when it is chargeable. All the four variables were found to have positive effects on information satisfaction. In particular, latest information was found to directly affect the intention to purchase. Furthermore, high information satisfaction was related to the intention to purchase.