• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2019

In order to elucidate the fungal diversity and community structure in freshwater environments, numerous fungal strains were isolated from freshwater, submerged soils, twigs, dead insects, etc. Among them, the present study has focused specifically on Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces species, which produce diverse useful metabolites in general. Twelve strains of Aspergillus isolated were identified as A. japonicus (n = 5), A. tubingensis (3), A. niger (2), and A. flavus (2), 10 strains of which belong to Aspergillus section Nigri, named black Aspergillus. Eight strains of Penicillium were identified as P. brasilianim (n = 3), P. oxalicum (2), P. crustosum (1), P. expansum (1), and P. piscarium (1). Two different strains of Talaromyces were identified as T. pinophilus and T. versatilis. Thus far, Penicillium piscarium and Talaromyces versatilis have been unrecorded in Korea, for which we provide detailed morphological and molecular characteristics.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

Soil microbial community analysis of farmland soil sprayed with lye in order to use fertilizer in Nigeria was performed. As a control, two kinds of soils not sprayed with lye, located in Eungo and Lagos with general practice in agriculture was selected. Soil sprayed with lye was pH 8.25 through alkalization reaction, while the other soil samples were pH 6.22 and 5.94. Substrate utilization and species diversity index of soil sprayed with lye were low than that of the other soils with the analysis of Biolog ecoplate. As a result of principal component analysis, the relationship between three samples was low. Microbial community analysis was performed by DGGE and most of them were soil uncultured bacterium. Especially, Uncultured Acidobacteria and Uncultured Methylocystis sp., which had been isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean grown in that site were discovered in the soil sprayed with lye.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2016

Five islands (Sinjindo, Mado, Daenanjido, Wonsando, and Sapsido) and the coastal area (Muchangpo) in Chungnam, Korea, were selected to determine the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Soil-inhabiting AM fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of 18s rDNA. The differences in the fungal community structures were compared among sites. As a result, 24 species of AM fungi were identified, of which two species of AM fungi, Acaulospora brasiliensis and Redeckera fulvum, were isolated for the first time in Korea. This study revealed that AM fungal spore abundance was low and the genus Acaulospora was dominant in most of the islands. AM fungal community structures in five Islands were highly similar. However, the coastal area, Muchangpo, had different AM fungal community structure from the islands.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

Rural communities have been isolated from social and economic changes underway in the broader society. Trends towed an urbanized society have depopulated many rural areas (Flora, et al, 1992). The South Korean government has targeted efforts toward an urban centered economic development policy, which has neglected the rural areas. The South Korean government also has indoctrinated rural community development with a quick-fix approach. Self-directed economic organizations based in rural South Korea began to emerge in the late 1980s. Since the 1980s, South Korean agricultural sectors have been overshadowed by globalism. McMichael (1996) stated that rural communities have two options. A immunity should either End its niche (i.e. the commodities or products that can have advantages in the international trade market) or protest against globalism to survive if rural communities fail to find a niche under globalism. South Korean neat communities did not have enough natural resources nor enough money to invest for their rural community economic development programs. These limitations made it difficult for South Korean coral communities to compete in a global economic environment. Israel, Coleman, and Ilvento (1993) stated that local leadership is a critical component in the ability of communities to respond to lang-standing problems and emerging needs. Swinth and Alexander (1990) asserted that rural leaders are critical actors in rural community development. Whether rural communities succeed in finding their niche or not, the role of rural community leaders is important for rural communities to find ways to cope in the international agriculture market.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.777-783
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• 2006

Purpose : Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the most frequent infections in children. E. coli is the most frequent etiological micropathogen in pediatric community UTI, and E. coli has developed resistance to many antibiotics, highlighting the need for regular surveys of this organism resistant patterns in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the oral antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli, isolated from pediatric patients with uncomplicated community acquired UTI. Methods : E. coli isolates, obtained from pediatric patients with uncomplicated community acquired UTI between October in 2004 to September in 2005. And minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of oral aminopenicillins and beta-lactamase inhibnitors(ampicillin, amoxacillin, ampicillin-sulbactam), oral cephalosporins(cefaclor, cefixime) and sulfa drug(trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole) were performed according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS) guide line. Results : Total 211 organisms were isolated from pediatric out-patients with community UTI. E. coli was the most common organism(89 percent), followed by E. fecalis, Proteus species, S. aureus, M. morganii, and P. aeruginosa. The resistant rates of aminopenicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors, cefaclor and sulfa drug to E. coli were very high. But, the resistant rate of cefixime was markedly low, and ESBL strains were isolated with small rates. Conclusion : Our study results suggest that aminopenicillins, cefaclor and sulfa drug may not be useful as first line empirical antibiotics to treat pediatric patients with community UTI in Korea. But, 3rd generation cephalosporin such as cefixime can be used as effective second line antibiotics after primary treatment failure, also may be useful as an empirical first line antibiotic. Finally, we conclude that a continuous surveillance study to monitor susceptibility patterns of E. coli in community UTI will be needed for the standard guide lines of empirical oral antibiotic treatment.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2008

Purpose: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major clinical problem and one of the major nosocomial pathogen worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of genotypes of MRSA isolated in the A-hospital ICU. Methods: In the period between December 2007 and May 2008, MRSA was isolated from ICU patients and its surrounding environment. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted for the detection of MRSA gene. The incidence of MRSA in the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was examined by using a multiplex PCR. The spa gene of Staphylococcus aureus encodes protein A and is used for typing of MRSA. We used sequence typing of the spa gene repeat region to study the epidemiology of MRSA at a hospital. Results: Two different genotypes of MRSA were identified with 90 isolated from the patients and its surrounding environments in the ICU. Conclusion: This study may contribute to the development of effective strategies for preventing nosocomial infections. Genotyping may have more general application for the study of MRSA epidemic outbreak in hospital and community infection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.730-736
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• 2004

This study aims at characterizing the bacteriophages isolated from activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) to understand the interactions between the phage-host system and bacterial community. Sixteen bacterial isolates (E1-E16) were isolated as host bacterial strains from EBPR activated sludge for phage isolation. Forty bacteriophages based on their plaque sizes (2 plaques on E4, 4 on E8, 11 on E10, 5 on E14, 18 on E16) were obtained from filtered supernatant of the EBPR activated sludge. Each bacteriophage did not make any plaque on bacterial strains tested in this study except on its own host bacterial strain, respectively, indicating that the bacteriophages are with narrow host specificity. However, fourteen of the forty bacteriophages obtained in this study lost their virulent ability even on their own host bacteria. All of the lytic phages showed similar one-step growth patterns and had long latent period (about 9 hours) to reproduce their phage particles in their host bacterial cells. On the other hand, their probable burst sizes (6 to 48 per host cell) were large enough to actively lyse their host bacterial cells. Therefore, it could be implied that bacteriophages are also important members of the microbial community in EBPR activated sludge, and lytic phages directly decrease the population size of their host bacterial groups in EBPR activated sludge by lysis.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.448-456
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• 2022

In this study, the roots and rhizosphere soil of Abies koreana and Taxus cuspidata were collected from sites at two different altitudes on Mt. Halla. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) were identified by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The proportion of EMF from the roots was 89% in A. koreana and 69% in T. cuspidata. Among EMF in rhizosphere soils, the genus Russula was the most abundant in roots of A. koreana (p < 0.05). The altitude did not affect the biodiversity of EMF communities but influenced fungal community composition. However, the host plants had the most significant effect on EMF communities. The result of the EMF community analysis showed that even if the EMF were isolated from the same altitudes, the EMF communities differed according to the host plant. The community similarity index of EMF in the roots of A. koreana was higher than that of T. cuspidata (p < 0.05). The results show that both altitude and host plants influenced the structure of EMF communities. Conifers inhabiting harsh sub-alpine environments rely strongly on symbiotic relationships with EMF. A. koreana is an endangered species with a higher host specificity of EMF and climate change vulnerability than T. cuspidata. This study provides insights into the EMF communities, which are symbionts of A. koreana, and our critical findings may be used to restore A. koreana.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial community inhabited in Callyspongia elegans. Marine bacteria were isolated from the marine sponge C. elegans using marine agar. The resulting 112 isolated pure cultures were then used for further study. They were characterized by determining morphological characteristics through Gram's staining and morphological observation. The colony pigments of bacterial isolates were characterized as yellow, brown, ivory, and white. Thirty-seven strains were found to be Gram-positive and 75 strains were Gram-negative. Seventy-nine strains were coccus-shaped, while 16 strains were rod-shaped. On the basis of the results of the comparative analyses of 16S rDNA gene sequences, the 112 isolated bacteria were divided into 5 major groups: Alphaproteobacteria (39%), Gammaproteobacteria (22%), Actinobacteria (14%), Fimicutes (9%), and Bacteroidetes (6%). It is strongly suggested that fifteen isolates are candidates for a new genera or species, based on the analyses of 16S rDNA gene sequences.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 2017

This study was carried out to perform genotoxicological safety evaluation of crude antifungal compounds produced by Bacillus subtilis SN7 (B. subtilis SN7) isolated from meju. Bacterial reverse mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 or Escherichia coli WP2uvrA in the presence and absence of the S9 metabolic activation system was carried out, and the crude antifungal compounds produced by B. subtilis SN7 showed no significant increase in the number of revertant colonies. In the chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, sample treatment groups showed no increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations compared to the negative control group. Furthermore, in the micronucleus formation test, the crude antifungal compounds showed no significance increase in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei. These results suggest that the crude antifungal compounds produced by B. subtilis SN7 isolated from meju showed no harmful genotoxic effects.