• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Although the uninhabitable islands are part of national property, those are not systematically managed and controlled in Korea. In this study, the positioning standards for uninhabitable islands are suggested with proper surveying methods. To establish the standards, the current status on managing the uninhabitable islands in foreign countries are investigated and analyzed. It was found that it is necessary to establish the ocean geodetic network based on a sound and systematic plan. In Korea, the ocean geodetic network can be established by combining the National control point and territorial sea control points. We suggested that one or two third or fourth control points are required to be established in total of 2,679 islands with connection to the 47and 249 first and second-order control points. It is expected that this network will provide ground control points for aerial and satellite images for large scale ocean mapping. In addition, close cooperation among the related departments such as Ministry of Construction & Transportation, National Geographic Information Institute, Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and Ministry of Environment is necessary for successful management on uninhabitable islands.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

Finding promising wind farm sites in islands of Korea is performed in this study. Total ten islands that have been measuring wind speed and direction using automatic weather stations for at least ten years were subjects of this study. Conditions for finding suitable wind farm sites including wind resource and various exclusion factors were applied and two islands that were found not to be suitable for wind farms were excluded. Micositing of a single wind turbine for the remaining eight islands was performed to estimate the annual energy production and the capacity factor.. Based on the simulation results, the wind farm sites selected within the eight islands were found to be suitable for wind power. The capacity factors were varied between 22.3% and 33.0% for a 100 kW wind turbine having a hub height of 30 m.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2012

Despite the fact that the importance of islands and oceans is increasingly being emphasized as they are recognized as alternative spaces for the future, some islands that have not been designated as cultural assets have lost their natural and cultural landscapes to development projects and other plans for turning islands into tourist resources, and are still in the process of being destroyed. Unlike old perceptions of islands, islands, in the minds of people living in the modern age, have become places for taking a quiet rest or enjoying and appreciating the undamaged beauty of nature itself. Keeping up with the trend of people increasingly visiting the islands these days, it is high time to prepare plans for the promotion, preservation management, and usages of islands based on researches of islands with excellent natural landscapes and through the designation of these islands as cultural properties. As the first step of studying island landscape resources as resources of cultural assets, the current study includes literature reviews and field investigations of Gwanmaedo and Yeongsando, two islands that have been selected as prestigious villages and are part of the Dadohaehaesang National Park. Based on these preliminary investigations, landscape resources showing distinctive natural landscapes and cultural sceneries were selected and analyzed in detail, thus presented for their value as resources of Scenic site and future research.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2013

For the diversity of energy supply system and the improvement in the habitants' living environments of the islands, it is possible and necessary to use the natural energy as resources of the electric power generation system. In this study, the characteristics of wind and solar radiation on 4 islands offshore Namhae-Tongyoung of Korea were measured for one year from November 2010 to October 2011 and analyzed in relation to energy resources survey. As a result of measurement and analysis, the respective wind rose diagrams of 4 islands were made, and showed that the frequencies of wind directions were quite different from among the islands. The Rayleigh probability distribution of wind velocity showed that the wind speeds of KR and SS were mainly 2~5m/s, and the respective quantities of electric power generation of 4 islands were shown to be different. The variation of solar radiations and potential quantity of those uses were measured to be similar to each other among 4 islands.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-80
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• 1984

The classification of islands is prerequisite for establishing a development policy to vitalize many-sided function of islands. We try to classify the 440 inhabited islands which exist in Jeon-Nam area and Kyong-Nam area by means of PCA. PCA begins with making correlation matrix of orignal variables. From this matrix we can comprehend the rough relationships between two variables. Next, we look for the eigenvalues which are roots of characteristic equation of correlation matrix. The number of eigenvalues is equal to that of original variables. We choose the largest eigenvalue λ$_1$among them and then look for the eigenvector of correlation matrix corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. Linear combination of eigenvector obtained above and original variables is namely first Principal Component (PC). Using an eigenvalue criterion(λ$\geq$ 1), we choose 3 PCs in Jeon-Nam area and 2 PCs in Kyong-Nam area. But we decide to consider only two PCs in both areas to faciliate a comparative analysis. Now, loss of information is 31.7% in Jeon-Nam area and 26.64% in Kyong-Nam area. PCs extracted by preceding procedure have characteristics as follows. The first PC relates to aggregate size of islands in case of both areas. The second PC relates to income per household, factors of agricultural production and factors of fisheries production in Jeon-Nam area, but in Kyong-Nam area it means distance from island and income per household. A classification of islands can be attained by plotting component scores of each island in graph used two PCs as axes and grouping similiar islands. 6 groups are formed in Jeon-Nam area and 5 groups in Kyong-Nam area. The result of this study in kyong-Nam area accords with prior result of study.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.51-56
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• 2012

Many countries have interested in islands with their values in nature such as future sustainable resource and new expansion of marine territory. As territorial and cultural assets, these islands have been the source of our national competitiveness and, then, Korean government has initiated island management policy that provides a basis for the development and protection of islands. Consequently, spatial data and database for resource management have been required. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the condition and status of various natural resources in Jeju islands. Jeju has 63 islands including 55 uninhabited islands. Then, an Island Information System(IIS) based on geographical information system(GIS) has been proposed. This ISS will provide not only a measure for effective resource management but also systematic services for releasing useful resource information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.290.1-290.1
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• 2013

The electrical characterization of Au islands on TiO2 at nanometer scale (as a Schottky nanodiode) has been studied with conductive atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum. The diverse sizes of the Au islands were formed by using self-assembled patterns on n-type TiO2 semiconductor film using the Langmuir-Blodgett process. Local conductance images showing the current flowing through the TiN coated AFM probe to the surface of the Au islands on TiO2 was simultaneously obtained with topography, while a positive sample bias is applied. The boundary of the Au islands revealed a higher current flow than that of the inner Au islands in current AFM images, with the forward bias presumably due to the surface plasmon resonance. The nanoscale Schottky barrier height of the Au/TiO2 Schottky nanodiode was obtained by fitting the I-V curve to the thermionic emission equation. The local resistance of the Au/TiO2 nanodiode appeared to be higher at the larger Au islands than at the smaller islands. The results suggest that conductive atomic force microscopy can be used to reveal the I-V characterization of metal size dependence and the electrical effects of surface plasmon on a metal-semiconductor Schottky diode at nanometer scale.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

Present work aims to establish the countermeasure for the better maintenance and preservation of insular floristic diversity at the South Sea of Jeollanamdo Province, ROK, where unique ecosystems are under threat due to climate change, anthropogenic disturbance and habitat destruction. Numerous flora reports from 15 inhabited islands and 60 uninhabited islands as well as field survey data are collated for the compilation of floristic data base and island biogeographical analysis. Out of the 1,940 vascular plant species from 180 families occurring in studies areas, 30.1 percentage or 584 plant species are physiognomically belonging to arboreal plants. Average number of species at individual island is numbered about 222 species, but it varies from about 591 species at the inhabited islands to 129 species at the uninhabited islands. Only 0.15 percentage of species with high proportion above 0.9 in its relative occurrence rate occurs at 68 islands and it includes three species, such as Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica and Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. However, about 68 percentage of plant species occurring in study area is confined their distribution to less than seven islands. Presence of high proportion of notable plants in small islands, i.e., 10 critically endangered species compared with 5.5 species in average, 9 endangered species (average 4.2 spp.) at Sonjookdo, and 7 critically endangered species, 8 endangered species at Sokomundo may due to existence of diverse geological and topographical environmental diversity as well as lower human population density and remoteness from the mainland. Since island is small in size and geographically isolated, minor environmental and ecological burdens can cause the critical damages to the diversity of flora and vegetation, urgent island biogeographical research is needed for the scientific conservation and management of island biodiversity.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

This work presents a correlation between the behavior of formic acid oxidation (FAO) on various Bi-modified Pt(poly) disk electrodes and their morphologies observed on Bi-modified Pt(111) disk electrodes using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) to understand the effects of Bi on Pt. To distinguish the FAO activities of Bi on Pt and plain Pt around Bi, additional Pt was intentionally deposited using two different routes: direct route and iodine route. In direct route, Pt was directly deposited on Bi islands and plain Pt sites around Bi islands, while in iodine route, Pt was exclusively deposited on Bi islands by protecting plain Pt sites with adsorbed iodine. Thus, a comparison of FAO performances on the two Bi-modified Pt electrodes with additional Pt (deposited in the different ways) disclosed a difference in FAO performances on plain Pt sites and Bi islands. When Bi coverage was ~0.04, the Bi deposits were scattered Bi islands enhancing FAO on Pt(poly). The additional Pt deposits using direct route increased FAO efficiency, while the ones using iodine route slightly decreased FAO current. The EC-STM observations indicated that Pt deposits around Bi islands, not on Bi islands, were responsible for the FAO current increase on Bi-modified Pt(poly). The FAO efficiency on Bi-modified Pt(poly) with a Bi coverage of ~0.25 increased by a factor of 2. However, the additional Pt deposits using the two Pt deposition routes notably decreased the FAO current. The dependency of FAO on Bi coverage was discussed in terms of electronic effect and ensemble effect.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2010

The Cat Ba Islands in Hai Phong City, northern Vietnam, consist of a large limestone island with a maximum height of 322 m above sea level and 366 small limestone islets with a total area of about $180\;km^2$. The islands are relicts of karst limestone mountains that became submerged during the Holocene transgression 7000 - 8000 year ago. The combination of the longtime karst process and recent marine processes in the monsoonal tropical zone has created a very diversity landscape on the Cat Ba Islands that can be divided into 3 habitat types with 16 forms. The first habitat type is the karst mountains and hills, including karst mountains and hills, karst valleys and dolines, karst lakes, karst caves, and old marine terraces. The second habitat type is the limestone island coast, including beaches, mangrove marshes, tidal flats, rocky coasts, marine notch caves, marine karst lakes, and bights. The third habitat type is karst plains submerged by the sea, including karst cones (fengcong) and towers (fengling), bedrock exposed on the seabed, sandy mud seabed, and submerged channels. Like the landscape, the biodiversity is also high in ecosystems composed of scrub cover - bare hills, rainy tropical forests, paddy fields and gardens, swamps, caves, beaches, mangrove forests, tidal flats, rocky coasts, marine krast lakes, coral reefs, hard bottoms, seagrass beds and soft bottoms. The ecosystems on the Cat Ba Islands that support very high species biodiversity include tropical evergreen rainforests, soft bottoms; coral reefs, mangrove forests, and marine karst lakes. A total of 2,380 species have been recorded in the Cat Ba Islands, included 741 species of terrestrial plants; 282 species of terrestrial animals; 30 species of mangrove plants; 287 species of phytoplankton; 79 species of seaweed; 79 species of zooplankton; 196 species of marine fishes; 154 species of corals; and 538 species of zoobenthos. Many of these species are listed in the Red Book of Vietnam as endangered species, included the white-headed or Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus), a famous endemic species. Human activities have resulted in significantly changes to the landscape end ecosytems of the Cat Ba islands; however, many natural aspects of the islandsd have been preserved. For this reason, the Cat Ba Islands were recognized as a Biological Reserved Area by UNESCO in 2004.