• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.313-316
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• 2011

Vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in the north of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The island of Baengnyeong-do is the westernmost point of the ROK and is located close to the southwestern coast of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Mosquitoes were collected using a black light trap on Baengnyeong-do, and Anopheles spp. were assayed by PCR, to identify the species, and screened for sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax. Of a subsample of 257 mosquitoes, Anopheles lesteri was the most frequently collected (49.8%), followed by Anopheles sinensis (22.6%), Anopheles pullus (18.7%), Anopheles kleini (7.8%), and Anopheles belenrae (1.2%). The overall sporozoite rate was 3.1%, with the highest rates observed in An. kleini (15.0%), An. sinensis (5.2%), and An. lesteri (1.6%). No sporozoite positive An. pullus or An. belenrae were observed. The results extend our knowledge of the distribution and potential role in malaria transmission of An. kleini, An. lesteri, and An. sinensis, for an area previously considered to be at a low risk for contracting vivax malaria.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2013

백령도와 연평도의 곤충상 조사결과, 통나방과 (나비목: 뿔나방상과)의 11종이 서해안지역에서는 처음으로 기록되었다. 그 중 Coleophora adjunctella Hodgkinson, C. chenopodii Oku, 그리고 C. kurokoi Oku는 한반도에서 처음으로 기록되는 종으로 이들 종 동정에 필요한 성충과 암컷 생식기 사진을 함께 기재한다.

• 인삼문화
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• 제4권
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• pp.128-141
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• 2022

백령도는 인천광역시 옹진군에 속한 대한민국의 서해 최북단의 섬이고 면적은 51km²로 우리나라 섬 중에서 15번째로 크다. 1996년에 당시 한국담배인삼공사와 한국인삼연초연구소가 백령도에서 인삼의 재배 가능성을 조사하였다. 1997년에 옹진군의 재배 비용 지원에 힘입어 백령도에서는 최초로 인삼 묘포가 조성되었고, 1999년에 한국담배인삼공사와의 계약에 의해 밭에 묘삼(苗蔘)을 이식하였다. 2003년 본포에서 5년간 재배된 6년생의 첫 수확이 있었고 생산된 전량을 한국인삼공사에서 수매하였다. 이후 한국인삼공사는 2012년까지 2년생 밭을 계약하여 6년생이 된 2016년 가을까지 해당 밭에서 생산된 인삼을 수매하였다. 이후 2014년부터는 김포파주인삼농업협동조합과 계약하여 인삼을 생산하고 있다. 백령도의 6년생 재배 밭 9개소(총 5,961칸)를 조사한 결과 생육이 양호한 상위 5개소는 생존주율(生存株率)이 42.6~68%이고 생육이 부진한 하위 4개소는 생존주율이 11.1~21.3%로 매우 저조하였다. 생존주율이 저조한 4개소는 공통으로 전작물(前作物)이 다비성 작물인 고추였다. 고추재배 시 처리된 퇴비나 거름으로 인하여 토양에 질소 성분이 과잉 남아 인삼 뿌리를 썩게 하였을 것으로 판단된다. 전체 인삼밭의 평균 잎점무늬병 발병엽율(發病葉率)은 8.6%이었는데, 6년생 6개소는 1.1~4.7%로 발병엽율이 낮았으나 다른 3개소는 16.7~20.9%로 높게 나타났다. 결주(缺株)와 잎점무늬병 발병이 많은 것은 육지보다 적은 강우량 때문에 해가림 피복을 비가 새는 차광망으로 설치한 것이 원인으로 추정된다. 한편, 황갈색 반점형 황증이 3% 발생한 밭이 있었는데 토양 중 철 성분이 과잉으로 존재하여 인삼에 과다하게 흡수되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 백령도 인삼재배에서 생산성을 증대시키기 위해서는 토양에 대한 이화학적 분석 결과를 토대로 해서 과학적 방법으로 예정지 관리를 강화하여야 하며, 비가 새지 않는 차광지로 해가림하고, 점적관수 시설을 설치하는 등 백령도에 적합한 인삼경작법을 개발해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 백령도의 아름다운 자연환경에 인삼제품과 음식을 특화하여 인삼이 백령도의 새로운 발전 동력이 되기를 기대한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2010

This research aims to gain the result of assessment of inflow categorized by runoff path using DIROM (Daily Irrigation Reservoir Operation Model) for Baengnyeong-myeon reservior which was built for residents of Baengnyeong island to solve the shortage of drinking water and stable supply of domestic water. The simulation results of DIROM and actual hydrograph of the reservoir show very low correlation with geological characteristics. The simulation results by DIROM after adjusting with modified Tank III model which considers all outflow from Tank II model as interflow among 3 level tanks show good correlation of its regional runoff and inflow characteristics with $R^2$=0.9058. In the study area, diffluence of 37% of rain fall of the study year has been simulated, which shows low result compared to the average river runoff of national water resource. In addition, 34.5% of total inflow to the study reservoir is mainly interflow and baseflow among expected several channels.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.430-446
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• 2018

To improve understanding of the sources and chemical properties of particulate pollutants on the Korean Peninsula, An Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measured non-refractory fine particle ($NR-PM_1$) from 2013 to 2015 at Baengnyeong Island and Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Korea. The chemical composition of $NR-PM_1$ in Baengnyeong island was dominated by organics and sulfate in the range of 36~38% for 3 years, and the organics were the dominant species in the range of 44~55% of $NR-PM_1$ in Seoul metropolitan area. The sulfate was found to be more than 85% of the anthropogenic origin in the both areas of Baengnyeong and SMA. Ratio of gas to particle partition of sulfate and nitrate were observed in both areas as more than 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, representing potential for formation of additional particulate sulfate and nitrate. The high-resolution spectra of organic aerosol (OA) were separated by three factors which were Primary OA(POA), Semi-Volatility Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (SV-OOA), and Low-Volatility OOA(LV-OOA) using positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. The fraction of oxygenated OA (SOA, ${\fallingdotseq}OOA$=SV-OOA+LV-OOA) was bigger than the fraction of POA in $NR-PM_1$. The POA fraction of OA in Seoul is higher than it of Baengnyeong Island, because Seoul has a relatively large number of primary pollutants, such as gasoline or diesel vehicle, factories, energy facilities. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis revealed that transport from eastern China, an industrial area with high emissions, was associated with high particulate sulfate and organic concentrations at the Baengnyeong and SMA sites. PSCF also presents that the ship emissions on the Yellow Sea was associated with high particulate sulfate concentrations at the measurement sites.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2023

Recently, domestic small airport development plans are being promoted centering on islands, and among them, Baengnyeong Island Airport is located very close to North Korea due to its geographical characteristics. In particular, since it is located in the P-518, which is prohibited airspace, it is essential to configure the arrival/departure flight procedure route similarly to the current ship in terms of securing flight safety. Therefore, in this study, a plan for airport location and facility scale was proposed by focusing on the runway operated for the purpose of aircraft operation through consultations with the Ministry of National Defense. It was proposed to meet the standards of the Airport Facility Act as an airport dedicated to domestic flights for airside facilities such as runway length and direction, target aircraft, landing pad, apron, runway and taxiway width appropriate for the topographical characteristics of Baengnyeong Island. As a result, the flight procedure is generally established as a two-way visual flight, but the 10-way arrival/departure procedure was planned to be changed to an instrument (non-precision) according to the specificity of the region. In addition, a flight procedure was established and presented for safe and systematic operation by reflecting the changes in airport facility size (landing pad, runway end safety area, etc.) following the change in instrument flight procedure in the visual flight procedure.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.300-312
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• 2017

To improve the understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors at the regional background station on Baengnyeong Island, Korea, gas phase and aerosol chemistries were investigated using the Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and the Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. HR-ToF-AMS measured fine particles ($PM_1$; diameter of particle matter less than $1{\mu}m$) at a 6-minute time resolution from February to November 2012, while PTR-ToF-MS was deployed during an intensive period from September 21 to 29, 2012. The one-minute time-resolution and high mass resolution (up to $4000m{\Delta}m^{-1}$) data from the PTR-ToF-MS provided the basis for calculations of the concentrations of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). The dominant BVOCs from the site are isoprene (0.23 ppb), dimethyl sulphide (DMS, 0.20 ppb), and monoterpenes (0.38 ppb). Toluene (0.45 ppb) and benzene (0.32 ppb) accounted for the majority of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs). OVOCs including acetone (3.98 ppb), acetaldehyde (2.67 ppb), acetic acid (1.68 ppb), and formic acid (2.24 ppb) were measured. The OVOCs comprise approximately 75% of total measured VOCs, suggesting the occurrence of strong oxidation processes and/or long-range transported at the site. A strong photochemical aging and oxidation of the atmospheric pollutants were also observed in aerosol measured by HR-ToF-AMS, whereby a high $f_{44}:f_{43}$ value is shown for organic aerosols (OAs); however, relatively low $f_{44}:f_{43}$ values were observed when high concentrations of BVOCs and AVOCs were available, providing evidence of the formation of SOA from VOC precursors at the site. Overall, the results of this study revealed several different SOA formation mechanisms, and new particle formation and particle growth events were identified using the powerful tools scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), PTR-ToF-MS, and HR-ToF-AMS.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2017

Physico-chemical measurement of non-refractory submicron particles($NR-PM_1$) was conducted in Baengnyeong Island, Korea using Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) from 2012 to 2014. Organics and ammoniated sulfate were dominant species in $NR-PM_1$. The organics was found to have similar fractions(approximate 40%) of $NR-PM_1$ during the summer and winter, while the sulfate fractions of $NR-PM_1$ were calculated to be approximately 47% and 31% for the summer and winter, respectively, suggesting the possibility that particles provide non-acidic surfaces for condensation of nitric acid in the winter. The nitrate fractions of approximate 4% and 20% of $NR-PM_1$ were observed in August (summer) and November (winter), respectively, resulting that the relatively low concentration of sulfate in $NR-PM_1$ provided a non-acidic surface for nitric acid condensation and formation of particulate ammoniated nitrate is favored thermodynamically in winter. The new particle formation (NPF) event and particle growth rate were analyzed for each month in 2014 using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS). The Percent of NPF events was the highest in winter, but NPF event was not observed during summer due to relatively high temperature and frequent rainfall. The average particle growth rate was 3.5 nm/h and the highest particle growth rate was 5.5 nm/h in May. We observed the long-range transport of the anthropogenic sulfate from the East Asia during the intensive monitoring period of November between Qingdao and Baengnyeong Island in 2013. The relatively high concentrations of m/z 60 measured in HR-ToF-AMS was observed in May and June at Baengnyeong Island, suggesting the possibility of the influence of biomass burning from the East Asia to the Korean Peninsula.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.259-272
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• 2023

In this paper, we suggest a new method for the prediction of sharp changes in particulate matter (PM₁₀) using quantile mapping. To predict the current PM₁₀ density in Seoul, we consider PM₁₀ and precipitation in Baengnyeong and Ganghwa monitoring stations observed a few hours before. For the PM₁₀ distribution estimation, we use the extreme value mixture model, which is a combination of conventional probability distributions and the generalized Pareto distribution. Furthermore, we also consider a quantile generalized additive model (QGAM) for the relationship modeling between precipitation and PM₁₀. To prove the validity of our proposed model, we conducted a simulation study and showed that the proposed method gives lower mean absolute differences. Real data analysis shows that the proposed method could give a more accurate prediction when there are sharp changes in PM₁₀ in Seoul.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.485-500
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• 2016

We examined acidity state of inorganic aerosol and oxidation state of organic aerosol by High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) at Baengnyeong Super site from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013. Additionally, we carried out the analysis for the aerosol component group of organic matter ($C_xH_y$, $C_xH_yO_1$, $C_xH_yO_z$, $C_xH_yO_zN_p$) and elemental composition to calculate H/C, O/C, N/C, OM/OC and identify the oxidation state. The aerosol chemical composition in this study is dominated by sulfate ($SO_4{^{2-}}$), nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) plays a smaller role in aerosol acidity. Ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$) was found in a formation of $(NH_4)_3H(SO_4)_2$. However, the binding formations of $NH_4NO_3$ and $NH_4Cl$ increase in the winter. $C_xH_yO_1$ indicating the oxidized state of $PM_{1.0}$ has the highest ratio of 41% while $C_xH_y$ indicating the non-oxidized state has a lower ratio of 36%, meaning that the oxidation level of $PM_{1.0}$ in Baengnyeong Island is high. The ratio between H/C and O/C was 1.33 and 0.78 respectively, showing the characteristic of LV-OOA (Low volatility-Oxygenated Organic Aerosol). Acidic and oxidized aerosols sampled during this field study were largely anthropogenic in origin from Chinese continent and photochemically aged.